The Civilian Harm Watchdog
Casualty Recording
Research
Investigations
Policy
About
Civilian Casualty Archive
Start Date
End Date
Site of the incident
Country
Country
Caribbean Sea (11)
Iraq (227)
Israel (21)
Lebanon (94)
Libya (235)
Pacific Ocean (9)
Palestinian territories (942)
Qatar (1)
Somalia (44)
Syria (3040)
Türkiye (3)
Ukraine (72)
Yemen (85)
Iran (0)
Reported perpetrator (military, militant group, coalition, etc.)
Military Actor
Military Actor
7th Brigade (6)
Egyptian Military (1)
EU Military (1)
French Military (1)
Gaddafi Forces (23)
General National Congress (GNC) (2)
GNA/Turkish Military (15)
Government of National Accord (45)
Hezbollah Forces (1)
Iranian Military (21)
Israeli Military (1076)
Jordanian Military (7)
Kurdish Forces (1)
Libyan National Army (121)
Libyan rebel forces (17)
LNA/UAE Military/Egyptian Military (15)
NATO forces (25)
Palestinian Militants (33)
Russian Military (2023)
Syrian Democratic Forces (3)
Syrian Regime (1)
Turkish Military (411)
U.S. Forces (141)
U.S.-led Coalition (895)
UK Military (3)
Ukrainian Military (1)
Unknown (12)
Yemeni Air Force (2)
YPG (86)
Chadian Military (0)
International Forces (Unknown) (0)
Kenyan Defense Forces (0)
U.S. Security Contractors (0)
United Arab Emirates Military (0)
The method of military action or operation type
Strike Type
Strike Type
Airstrike (1818)
Drone Strike (269)
Airstrike and/or Artillery (580)
Artillery (487)
Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground) (65)
Ground operation (115)
Naval bombardment (17)
Unknown (3)
Reported source(s) of harm
Causes of Death / Injury
Causes of Death / Injury
Accidents related to conflict (19)
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) (15)
Denial of access to/destruction of objects indispensable to survival (4)
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions (2546)
Incendiary (4)
Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO) (31)
Run over by vehicle (2)
Small arms and light weapons (174)
Unknown (11)
Use of objects and other means (2)
Electromagnetic weapons (0)
Grade indicating the degree to which sources reported the same belligerent(s)
Strike Status
Strike Status
Contested strike (776)
Declared strike (270)
Likely strike (1708)
Single source claim (112)
Grade indicating the strength of available reporting on civilian harm
Civilian Harm Status
Civilian Harm Status
Confirmed (114)
Fair (2783)
Weak (235)
Contested (1608)
Discounted (41)
Unknown (0)
Statements released by the perpetrator on their military action(s) and the resulting civilian harm if acknowledged
Belligerent Assessment
Belligerent Assessment
Credible / Substantiated (106)
Duplicate (4)
Non credible / Unsubstantiated (716)
Not yet assessed (2565)
Open incident (25)
Under investigation (1)
People killed or injured, by demographic
Casualty
Casualty
Children (4688)
Men (4783)
Women (3836)
Men
✕
Type of affected facility or location
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Agriculture (112)
Agricultural Land (12)
Livestock (18)
Silo (1)
Storage (0)
Equipment / Machinery (1)
Factory (4)
Commerce (45)
Market (34)
Bakery (4)
Grocery Store (1)
Shop (6)
Communications (2)
Internet (1)
Mobile (1)
Cultural Site (1)
Education (190)
Nursery (1)
Primary School (7)
Secondary School (6)
University / College (1)
Vocational School (0)
Religious School (0)
Emergency Services (5)
Police Station (1)
Civil Defense Station (3)
Healthcare (137)
Hospital (20)
Ambulance (16)
Clinic (0)
Temporary Healthcare Facility (2)
Humanitarian (30)
Evacuation Route (3)
Food/Water Distribution (21)
Aid Convoy (1)
IDP or Refugee Camp (189)
Legal (4)
Courthouse (1)
Prison (1)
Ministry (2)
Religious (34)
Mosque (15)
Prayer Space (1)
Residential (730)
House (16)
Apartment Building (53)
Resources (26)
Power Station (8)
Gas Facility (8)
Oil Facility (7)
Solar Panels (1)
Dam (5)
Transportation (9)
Road (1)
Bridge (1)
Airport (1)
Border crossing (1)
Port (5)
Vehicle (129)
Car (58)
Truck (10)
Motorcycle (13)
Bicycle (1)
Bus (1)
Boat (24)
Warehouse (8)
Construction Material (0)
Raw Material (1)
Consumer Goods (2)
Military (1)
Water (17)
Well (1)
Water tank (2)
Desalination Plant (1)
Financial (0)
Bank (0)
Media (0)
Radio Station (0)
Search
Order results by:
Incident Date
Publication Date
↓
4783 incidents
Incident Date
15 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK059
Location
Золочів, Zolochiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Five civilians, including two women and a 19 year old boy, were killed and three others were injured in alleged Russian shelling of the village of Zolochiv on March 15, 2022. Zolochiv village head Viktor Kovalenko told Suspilne News "Unfortunately, we have five dead - a 70-year-old grandmother, a 34-year-old woman, a 19-year-old boy and…
Summary
Published
15 March 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Infrastructure
Agriculture
Civilians reported killed
5
Civilians reported injured
3
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
14 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK058
Location
вул. Свободи та Парк Горького, Svobody Street and Gorky Park, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Up to eight people were killed and two others were wounded by alleged Russian or Ukrainian airstrikes/shelling of Svobody Street and Gorky Park in Kharkiv on March 14, 2022. The head of the Kharkiv regional state administration, Oleg Sinegubov, reported on a car of Help Army volunteers: "A 26-year-old boy died from serious wounds and…
Summary
Published
14 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Infrastructure
Resources
(
Gas Facility
)
Civilians reported killed
2–8
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
11 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK052
Location
Дергачі, Dergachi, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On March 11th 2022, reported Russian shelling continued in the city of Dergachi. According to local sources, at least three civilians were killed and one civilian was injured. Local sources were reporting that amongst the dead is the former chief of the Dergachi district police department/former vice-rector of the Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs…
Summary
Published
11 March 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Infrastructure
Resources
(
Gas Facility
),
Healthcare
Civilians reported killed
3
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
11 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK049
Location
Московський проспект (Проспект Героїв Харкова), Moskovskiy Prospekt (Heroiv Kharkiv Prospekt), Kharkiv, Ukraine
On March 11st, 2022, one civilian, a man, was reportedly killed by Russian shelling on Moskovskiy Prospekt in Kharkiv. Local sources said that the man was hiding in the entrance and was hit in the chest by a shrapnel that cut through the metal door.
Summary
Published
11 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
9 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK044
Location
Слобожанське, Slobozhanske, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Between four and five civilians, including two women and two children, were killed and another child was injured in alleged Russian airstrikes and/or artillery shelling of the village of Slobozhanske on March 9, 2022. The DSNS posted on Telegram that shelling of the village of Slobozhanske in the Balakliya community struck a private residential building,…
Summary
Published
9 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
4–5
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
9 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK045
Location
вулиця Первомайська, 2, Ізюм, Харківська область,, 2, Pershotravneya Street, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On March 9th, in the morning, at 9 am, the Russian military allegedly launched airstrikes and then shelled a five story building at 2 Pershotravneya Street in Izyum from a tank on the opposite side until it collapsed. The attack killed between 44 to 54 people, many families, who were trapped under the debris of…
Summary
Published
9 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
44–54
Civilians reported injured
2
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
8 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK041
Location
Донець, Donets, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Two civilians, a seven year old girl and her grandmother, were killed and a man was injured by alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Donets on March 8, 2022. The Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group reported that at 7:05pm, at least three unguided aerial bombs were dropped on a residential building in the village of…
Summary
Published
8 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
4 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK030
Location
вул. Залізнодорожна, Zaliznychna Street, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On March 4th 2022, one civilian, a 41 year old man, was reportedly injured by a cluster munition while buying groceries on Zaliznychna Street, in the Mala-Danylivka district of Kharkiv, according to Amnesty International's report, the ACLED dataset, and Kharkiv Life Telegram channel. The injured man told Amnesty International “We found some food, and we…
Summary
Published
4 March 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
2 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK024
Location
Яковлівка, Yakovlivka, Kharkiv, Ukraine
At least two and up to four civilians were reported killed, including two children, and between seven and eleven were reported injured, when an alleged Russian airstrike hit the village of Yakovlivka, Kharkiv, on March 2nd 2022. Novynarnia news reported that the head of the Merefyan community, Veniamin Sitov said after the attack that "there…
Summary
Published
2 March 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike
Civilians reported killed
2–4
Civilians reported injured
7–11
Military actors reported killed
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
1 March 2022
Incident Code
RUK022
Location
переулок Отакара Яроша, Otakara Yarosha Lane, Kharkiv, Ukraine
At least one person was killed by alleged Russian shelling of Otakara Yarosha Lane in Kharkiv on March 1, 2022. Fakty News reported that a 21 year old Indian student who was standing in line for food was killed by a Russian bombing of the city. New Indian Express added that the student was in…
Summary
Published
1 March 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
28 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK019
Location
Рогань, Rohan’, Kharkiv, Ukraine
One civilian was killed and another civilian was injured by alleged Russian shelling of the village of Rohan on February 28, 2022. The Kharkiv Human Rights Group reported that in the village of Rohan, a residential building was hit by artillery shelling and caught on fire, resulting in the death of one person and injury…
Summary
Published
28 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
27 February 2022
Incident Code
RS4695
Location
اّفس, Afes, Idlib, Syria
Up to two civilians were killed and between two and four other civilians were injured in alleged Russian or regime artillery shelling of the town of Afes on February 27, 2022. The Syrian Civil Defense reported that two civilians were killed and two others were injured when the regime forces and Russian forces bombed a…
Summary
Published
27 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1–2
Civilians reported injured
2–4
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
27 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK012
Location
Кунье, Kunye, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 27th, 2022, in Kunye village, in Izyumsky district, Kharkiv oblast, three civilians were reportedly killed and two injured by Russian shelling on a school. A fire was allegedly caused by the shelling that hit Zhovtneviy street. The head of Kunye rural territorial community, Nerses Nersisyan, reported that the shelling damaged the school and…
Summary
Published
27 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Infrastructure
Education
Civilians reported killed
3
Civilians reported injured
2
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
26 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK010
Location
Волохів Яр, Volokhiv Yar, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 26th 2022, between one and five civilians were killed, including two 42 year old women and three young men, two who were born in 2000 and 2004, were reported killed and 14 others reported wounded when a passenger bus was hit by alleged Russian gunfire in the village of Volokhiv Yar, Kharkiv, Ukraine.…
Summary
Published
26 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1–5
Civilians reported injured
14
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
26 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK008
Location
Бабаї, Babai, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 26th 2022, one man, aged 35, was reportedly killed as a result of alleged Russian artillery fire which hit Babai, in Kharkiv. The artillery was also reported to have destroyed a house. This assessment has reference to ACLED code UKR54072.
Summary
Published
26 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
26 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK007
Location
Волохів Яр, Volokhiv Yar, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 26th 2022, two civilians, including a 13 year old girl and a man, were reportedly injured as a result of alleged Russian forces shelling on in the village of Volokhiv, in Balaklia, Kharkiv. Segodnya.ua news site noted that the Balaklia local authorities reported the situation first at 15.00. It stated that the information…
Summary
Published
26 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported injured
2
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
25 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK004
Location
вулиця Клочківська, 366, 366 Klochkivska Street, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 25th 2022, Russian military allegedly exploded single cluster bomb at a children's hospital and blood donation facility on Klochkovskaya Street in Kharkiv. One man was reportedly killed and two to three people, employees, including two women, were reportedly injured. The attack was reported to have taken place approximately at 17.00, with the earliest…
Summary
Published
25 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Infrastructure
Healthcare
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
24 February 2022
Incident Code
TS493
Location
الطريق بين القامشلي وعامودا, Road between Qamishli and Amouda, Al Hassakah, Syria
Four civilians, including three women and their driver, were injured in alleged Turkish drone strikes on the Qamishlo-Amouda road on February 24, 2022. According to Hawar News, a car was struck by a Turkish drone, resulting of the injury of four people, including three women. The car was traveling on the Qamishlo-Amouda road, east of…
Summary
Published
24 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike
(
Drone Strike
)
Civilians reported injured
4
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Turkish Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
24 February 2022
Incident Code
RUK001
Location
Микрорайон Авиатор, будинок №157, Чугуїв, Aviator neighborhood (no. 157), Chuhuiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine
On February 24th 2022, one boy, aged 13, and a man were reportedly killed, and between 12 to 19 civilians were injured, including a woman, as a result of Russian forces firing of "heavy multiple rocket launcher systems" in Chuhuiv, Kharkiv. Whilst multiple sources reported that a young boy had died, only one reported that…
Summary
Published
24 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
12–19
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
16 February 2022
Incident Code
RS4690
Location
سوق المحروقات بين بلدتي ترمانين والدانا, the fuel market between Tarmanin An Al Dana towns, Idlib, Syria
Between three and four civilians were killed and up to five others were injured in alleged Russian or regime artillery strikes on February 16, 2022. According to the Syrian Civil Defense, four civilians were killed and two others were injured in artillery shelling of a fuel market and the outskirts of the widow camp near…
Summary
Published
16 February 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
3–4
Civilians reported injured
2–5
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
15 February 2022
Incident Code
YS125
Location
اعزاز, Azaz, Aleppo, Syria
On February 15th 2022, missile shelling targeted the city of Azaz in the northern countryside of Aleppo and reportedly killed three to six civilians and wounded between four and 12 others, including one to three children. The shelling was alleged PKK/YPG or attributed to the Syrian regime. Two students, Saeed Al-Haji and Akram Al-Hassan, in…
Summary
Published
15 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
3–6
Civilians reported injured
4–12
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
YPG
View Incident
→
Incident Date
12 February 2022
Incident Code
YS124
Location
جرابلس, Jarablus, Aleppo, Syria
Between three and six civilians, including up to four children and a woman, most from the same family, were injured in alleged Syrian Democratic Forces shelling of Jarabulus on February 12, 2022. According to the Syrian Civil Defense, five civilians, including four from one family - a man, his wife, and two of their children,…
Summary
Published
12 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported injured
3–6
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Syrian Democratic Forces
View Incident
→
Incident Date
12 February 2022
Incident Code
RS4689
Location
معارة النعسان, Maaret al Nassan, Idlib, Syria
According to local sources, a Russian or Syrian regime artillery shelling killed five to six civilians from the same family and injured two to seven civilians including one to two children and one woman. Among those killed were reportedly two to three children, two women and two men. The incident happend on February 12th 2022…
Summary
Published
12 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
5–6
Civilians reported injured
2–7
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
8 February 2022
Incident Code
CS1978
Location
البصيرة, Bisira, Deir Ezzor, Syria
At least one civilian, a child, was killed and his father was injured in an alleged airdrop operation by the Coalition and the SDF in the city of Bisira on February 8, 2022. A tweet from @DeirEzzorNow reported that the International Coalition and HAT forces carried out a landing operation in the city of Bisira that…
Summary
Published
8 February 2022
Strike Type
Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground)
Civilians reported killed
1–2
Civilians reported injured
1
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
,
Small arms and light weapons
Military Actor
U.S.-led Coalition
,
Syrian Democratic Forces
View Incident
→
Incident Date
3 February 2022
Incident Code
CS1977
Location
طمة, دير بلوط, Deir Balout, Atma, Idlib, Syria
Up to thirteen civilians, including six children and four women, were reported killed and at least one child was injured after US forces targeted and subsequently killed the leader of the Islamic State (ISIS), Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi, in Atma, northwest Syria on February 3rd 2022. Local reporting was conflicted as to whether the casualties…
Summary
Published
3 February 2022
Strike Type
Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground)
Civilians reported killed
9–13
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Military actors reported killed
4–5
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
U.S.-led Coalition
View Incident
→
Incident Date
2 February 2022
Incident Code
YS123
Location
لباب,, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria
According to local sources, the SDF, the Syrian regime, or the Syrian National Army targeted the city of Al-Bab with missiles and artillery, hitting a number of neighbourhoods in the city, located in the northeast of Aleppo, Syria, on February 2nd 2022. Five to ten civilians were reported killed and at least ten and up…
Summary
Published
2 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
5–10
Civilians reported injured
10–32
Military actors reported killed
0–3
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Kurdish Forces
,
Syrian Democratic Forces
,
Syrian Regime
View Incident
→
Incident Date
2 February 2022
Incident Code
TS490
Location
عنديور, Ain Diwar, Syria
Up to two civilians were injured in Ain Diwar village, in the countryside of Derik in northeast Syria when Turkish shells hit their homes on February 2nd 2022. According to the North Press Agency, "the bombardment also resulted in the destruction of two houses, and the outbreak of fire in five houses." The SDF announced…
Summary
Published
2 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilians reported killed
0–2
Civilians reported injured
2
Military actors reported killed
0–2
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Turkish Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
1 February 2022
Incident Code
TI076
Location
مخمور, Makhmur camp, Nineveh, Iraq
At least two civilians were killed and up to 17 others, including a woman, were injured in Turkish airstrikes on Makhmour refugee camp on February 1, 2022. The correspondent of the Rudaw Media Network reported that Makhmour camp was subjected to Turkish bombardment six times and according to Makhmour Health, eight people were killed by the…
Summary
Published
1 February 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike
(
Drone Strike
)
Civilians reported killed
2–6
Civilians reported injured
15–17
Military actors reported killed
2–6
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Turkish Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
22 January 2022
Incident Code
TS485
Location
قرية الحدريات, Hadriat village, Raqqa, Syria
Up to five civilians were killed and up to four others were injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the village of Hadriat and other surrounding villages in the countryside of Ain Issa on January 22, 2022. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Turkish bombings of the village of Hadriat resulted in the death…
Summary
Published
22 January 2022
Strike Type
Artillery
Civilians reported killed
2–5
Civilians reported injured
2–4
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Turkish Military
View Incident
→
Incident Date
3 January 2022
Incident Code
RS4687
Location
بين أرمناز و كفرتخاريم, between Armanaz and Kafr Takharim, Idlib, Syria
Between two and five civilians, including a woman and up to three children, were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes between the town of Armanaz and the city of Kafr Takharim on January 3, 2022. According to the Syrian Civil Defense, a woman and her child were injured when Russian warplanes bombed two poultry farms on…
Summary
Published
3 January 2022
Strike Type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
,
Agriculture
(
Livestock
)
Civilians reported injured
2–5
Causes of Death / Injury
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Military Actor
Russian Military
View Incident
→
←
1
…
49
50
51
52
53
…
160
→
