Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS531

Incident date

February 2, 2016

Location

العلقمية, Al A'alkamiyah, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.5045296, 37.0259715 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two adult male civilians were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al A’alkamiyah, according to multiple local sources.

The two victims were named as Riad Jamil Ismail Deebo and Khaled Eido by the VDC, Damascus Center for Human Rights, Halab News and Elsouriya Lil E’elam,

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Riad Jamil Ismail Deebo
Adult male killed
Khaled Eido
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 1st – February 3rd.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS564

Incident date

February 7, 2016

Location

البوعمر, Al Buomar, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.2376014, 40.2660513 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult male civilian, Naji al Izbeh, was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al Buomar, according to the Violations Documentation Center and other local sources – though there is some confusion among sources as to whether Russia or the regime were responsible.

In an initial tweet, LCCSY said this was a strike by the regime, killing one civilian and wounding others. However, in a second tweet it appeared to change position and blame Russia, again naming Naji al Izbeh as killed.

Al Jisr said a number of individuals had been killed – including children – in a raid by “military warplanes“, but didn’t identify the culprit.

Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that “regime planes targeted last night the village with three missiles destroying three houses.” However, the time is given as “last night“, with further research required.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Named by VDC

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS597

Incident date

February 12, 2016

Location

داعل, Da'el, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.756529, 36.138453 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and several more were injured in an airstrike on Da’el, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

According to Step News Agency, Russian warplanes carried out a raid on Da’el, killing one civilian and injuring a number more. Smart News Agency and Alaa Dael also said that Russia was responsible.

Daraa Martyrs named Mohammed Khamis Al-Masri and Badria Mohamed al-Hariri as killed in a Russian strike. These victims were also named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies, however they blamed the regime, as did the VDC.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mohammed Khamis Al-Masri
Age unknown male Listed by Daraa Martyrs killed
Badria Mohamed al-Hariri
Age unknown female Listed by Daraa Martyrs killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A dead body following an airstrike on Da’el, Feb 12th.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS629

Incident date

February 16, 2016

Location

ﺣﻠﺐ, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.197971, 37.1656697 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Violations Documentation Center named another civilian male from Sheikh Miskeen in Daraa as a victim of “Russian air forces shelling” in Aleppo.

The victim was additionally named by Syria Martrys, which also blamed Russia.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Listed by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Mohammad Abdulghani al Jaber, killed in an alleged Russian raid. (via, VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS661

Incident date

February 24, 2016

Location

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.81374, 36.60964 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 8 and 15 civilians including one woman and one to two children died – and dozens more were injured – in airstrikes on a market in Ariha, according to multiple local sources. Reports are conflicted as to whether the attacks were carried out by Russia or the Assad regime, with one source saying that both parties were responsible.

In an initial report, Shaam News Network said the regime was to blame. It put the death toll at 12 with dozens more wounded. The Syrian Network for Human Rights also attributed the incident to the regime, although said seven died including a woman and a child.

However, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights – which published a video showing destruction on Ariha and 19 images – suspected Russian warplanes were responsible. It put the death toll at seven including two children and one woman.

A subsequent Syrian Observatory report put the death toll higher at eight, adding that it was likely to rise because 30 people were injured, some in critical condition. It also said that “some information reported 2 other casualties“.

In a later report, Shaam News Network appeared to change position and blame Moscow: “Russian aircraft raided on the city of Ariha causing the fall of 10 martyrs and several wounded after being targeted for market popular downtown.”

Orient News instead blamed the regime for shelling a market, and put the death toll at eight including one woman. According to Akhbar Alaan, “The Syria regime used a MiG-23 plane to carry out three air strikes on Ariha”. They said that “nearly ten” died, including women and children and 25 others were injured, some critically, adding that there had been widespread destruction and damage to the shops in the market.  Muslim2day put the death toll as high as 15 with up to 50 wounded.

Sin also said eight died – and that the regime was responsible – and put the number of wounded at 24. It named several victims, including a woman and a child who could not be identified.

SHRC – who blamed Russia – named an additional victim.

But according to Chamtime, both Russia and the regime were responsible: “nine were killed and tens were wounded in three raids by warplanes in Ariha. The first two were Russian and the third was regime.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ali Abdulkarim Najjar
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Mahmood Badawi
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Mohammed Ahmad Naddaf
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Khaled Subhi Tamer
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Ahmad Abdul Karim Al-Beik
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Ahmad Mohammed Kheir Sa’ado
Age unknown male Named by Sinnews killed
Age unknown male Named by SHRC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 15
  • (1–2 children1 woman0–7 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (54) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (22) [ collapse]

  • Footage of the incident
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via Idlibchannel)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via Idlib Reservation Channel)
  • More footage of the aftermath. (via SNN)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid in Ariha. (via, SOHR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 15
  • (1–2 children1 woman0–7 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (54) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS693

Incident date

February 28, 2016

Location

جمعية الهادي, Jamiyat al Hadi, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2319159, 37.0082188 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to 13 civilians including three or four children died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Jamiyat al Hadi and Babis, according to multiple local sources.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said seven civilians including three women and four children were killed in an aerial bombardment, adding that there were reports of five others also dying – though did not say who carried out the attack.

But the Shaam News Network reported that Russia was responsible and put the death toll higher, at 12. The Syrian Network for Human Rights also blamed Russia, reporting that warplanes shelled a “residential compound in Babis town which killed 12 individuals including 3 children and 2 women“.

According to Hara News, in addition to the 12 killed, 20 were wounded. Radio Al Kul put the death toll at ten. According to Baladi, Russia targeted al Hadi with vacuum missiles, killing 12 civilians and injuring more than 15. Allser7 put the number killed even higher, at 13 – in eight alleged Russian strikes, while other sources claimed that Russian had breached a ceasefire.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Fatima Sukkari
4 years old female named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed
Rahima Sukkari
7 months years old named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed
Rama Sukkari
19 years old named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed

Family members (3)

The wife of Mohammad Najjar
Adult female named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed
The daughterof Mohammad Najjar
Age unknown female named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed
The daughterof Mohammad Najjar
Age unknown female named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed

The victims were named as:

Sharifa Nasser
23 years old named by Syrian Human Rights Committee killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 13
  • (4 children2–4 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 13
  • (4 children2–4 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS725

Incident date

March 11, 2016

Location

تدمر, Palmyra, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.5655244, 38.2873535 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to the Shaam News Network: “four people were killed when Russian enemy planes targeted a civilian transport vehicle on the road from Palmyra to Deir Ezzor.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights also reported that “four people were killed from the same family when the Russian warplane targeted their truck (which is a refrigerated truck) on the road between Palmyra and Deir Ezzor.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Russian warplanes use phosphor bombs and burns civilians’ vehicles on the road between Sukhna and Palmyra (via Alshuruq Alislami youtube channel)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS757

Incident date

April 16, 2016

Location

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.180995, 37.151892 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple sources reported that up to 16 people died in airstrikes in Aleppo city. While some blamed Russia, others said the regime or armed rebel groups were responsible.

LCCSY said one man was killed and five injured after Russian planes targeted the neighborhood with two dawn raids. Q0wyy also blamed Russia and reported that “Russian warplanes killed seven civilians and injured dozens.”

Shaam News Network also said that one person died and others were injured (no number provided) in airstrikes, but did not say who carried them out.

AlAlamnews reported that the “shelling from armed groups” led to the death of four people.

Alelam1 also blamed “armed groups” and put the death toll at 4, adding that they were “from the same family”. Aleppo Net News said three people were killed, and others wounded by a “hell canon” (a home-made mortar.)

However, Syria Mirror blamed the regime for the launching of “two missiles,” leading to the death of four people, among them women and children, and wounding others.

Two other sources – Arabic Spuntiknews (pro-regime) and Ara news – reported deaths of Syrian soldiers and opposition groups – but did not mention civilian casualties.

Besides from the eight identified victims below, another eight bodies found in Al-Mashhad neighbourhood, Aleppo, could not be identified.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Age unknown killed
Age unknown killed

Family members (3)

17 years old female killed
15 years old female killed
13 years old female killed

The victims were named as:

41 years old female killed
13 years old female
17 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 16
  • (7 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • Airstrikes targeting Al-basha neighborhood in Aleppo (via Zakaria Nassani tweet)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting civilian areas in Aleppo (via Q0wyy tweet)
  • Civilian who was saved from under the rubbles in Al-Mashhad, Aleppo (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Rescuing team searching for survivors following the strikes (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Rescuing team searching for survivors following the strikes (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting Aleppo (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting Aleppo (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting Aleppo (via Muhandakateeb tweet)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting Aleppo (via Muhandakateeb tweet)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 16
  • (7 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]