Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS536

Incident date

July 30, 2022

Location

لم الخير, Umm Al Khair, Al-Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.631647, 40.256996 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least seven and up to ten civilians, including women and children, were reported injured in an alleged Turkish bombardment targeting Umm Al Khair village, in the countryside of Tal Tamr, in Al-Hassakah, Syria, on July 30th 2022.

According to ANHA, the names and ages of those injured are as followed:  “Laila Omar Saleh, 4 years old, was subjected to shrapnel in the face, Juri Omar Saleh, 25 years old, was subjected to shrapnel in the hand, and Ahmed Muhammad Al-Mohammed, 60 years old, sustained injuries all over his body and his health condition is critical. A year-old was subjected to shrapnel in the abdomen and another in the chest, Hilwa Ezzo Awad, 63 years old, was subjected to shrapnel in the chest, Naim Muhammad Wazou, 30 years old, who was bruised, Nawras Hamid Antar, 25 years old, was bruised and Safa Ahmed Ali, 25 years old, from Umm al-Khair village, her health condition is stable.” Other names not reported by ANHA were Omar Hussein Diab and Nofa Alawi Al-Ali, aged 60 years old.

Local sources reported that the Internal Security Forces announced that seven civilians were injured. In the aftermath, North Press Agency reported that this rose to nine.  Most other local sources, including the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, reported that ten civilians were injured as the final number. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that in addition, one Syrian regime soldier had been injured too.

North Press Agency reported that People’s Hospital in Al-Hassakah recieved three wounded civilians, Nofa, Halwa and Ahmad. Ahmad had fracture in his right humerus and shrapnel in the ambomen, and was reported to be in a critical condition.

Halwa Al-Awad said, “we were in our village, sleeping on the rooftop, and all of a sudden, the shelling started hitting us.” She told the North Press Agency that the bombardment was not targeting any military positions, but “only civilians.”

North Press Agency reported that the town of Tel Tamr has been under attack by the Turkish military and its affiliated armed opposition faction, known as the Syrian National Army (SNA) for more than two years.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Laila Omar Saleh
4 years old female injured
Juri Omar Saleh
25 years old injured
Ahmed Muhammad Al-Mohammed
60 years old male injured
Hilwa Ezzo Awad
63 years old male injured
Naim Muhammad Wazou
30 years old male injured
Safa Ahmed Ali
25 years old
Omar Hussein Diab
Age unknown male
Nofa Alawi Al-Ali
60 years old

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported injured
    1

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • North Press Agency reported that three of the injured arrived in the People's Hospital in Al-Hassakah on July 30th 2022 (Image via NPA)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Umm Al Khair (لم الخير), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.631647, 40.256996. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported injured
    1

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS563

Incident date

November 3, 2022

Location

تل حلف, Tal Halaf, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.8237138, 40.0378232 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A nine year old girl was killed when an alleged Turkish armored vehicle ran her over in the village of Tal Halaf on November 3, 2022.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a girl was killed when she was run over by a Turkish vehicle in the village of Tal Halaf.

A local source told North Press Agency that a Turkish armored vehicle ran over a nine year old girl named Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz, near the roundabout of the town of Tal Halaf, while she was on her way to the Sharia Institute. The local source added that the Turkish vehicle did not help the girl, who died on the way to the hospital. Vedeng News added that the incident occurred at 8:30 in the morning.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the vehicle to Turkey.

The incident occured at 08:30:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz
9 years old female killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Accidents related to conflict
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz, 9 years old, killed by a Turkish armored vehicle in Tal Halaf on November 3, 2022. (Image posted by Baladi News)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tal Halaf (تل حلف), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.8237138, 40.0378232. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Accidents related to conflict
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS607

Incident date

July 4, 2023

Location

تديل, Tadil, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.165062, 36.887472 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On 4 July 2023, a family of four, including a mother and two girls, were killed and another civilian was injured by an artillery strike in the village of Tadil in the town of Urm al-Kubra, which is located in the countryside of Aleppo. The Syrian Observatory of Human Rights released a statement that said the family were killed as a result of artillery shelling by the Turkish-backed factions of the (Al-Fateh Al-Mubin) operations room.

According to state-run news agency, SANA, a mother, her two daughters, and their uncle were killed and the husband was wounded by the missiles. However, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a father, and mother, and two little girls were killed by the shelling of their home.

SANA added that the strike caused material damage to homes and property in the area which is controlled by government forces. The town of Uram al-Kubra witnessed artillery shelling between regime sources and factions of the Al-Fateh Al-Mubin Operations in the early hours of the morning. The area is a de-escalation zone subject to the ceasefire agreement of Turkey and Russia signed in March 2020.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the artillery shelling to the factions of the Al-Fateh Al Mubin Operations room, with Roz Press specifying that this is a Turkish-backed faction. A Facebook post by Vito Press specified that rocket-propelled grenades were used in the attack.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Damage caused by shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by SANA)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by SANA)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by SANA)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by SANA)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by زين برس - Zein Press)
  • Munition from shelling of Tadil village on July 4, 2023. (Image posted by زين برس - Zein Press)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tadil (تديل), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.165062, 36.887472. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS641

Incident date

October 5, 2023

Location

قرية جورين, Jurin village, Hama, Syria

Airwars assessment

On October 5, shelling by militants affiliated with Turkish forces of the town of Jurin in the western Syrian countryside near Hama killed two civilians, including a child, and injured at least one other, a woman.

One outlet, Al Ghab news, shared a photo of what appears to be the child killed in the attack, identified as seven-year-old Haidar Amer, in school, and another of him smiling. A Facebook post from Sahel Alghab also identified the man Reda Deeb Abu Muhammad as having been killed by the shelling. Reda was initially reported as injured, along with his wife, and they were taken to Al-Suqaylabiyah National Hospital, where Reda died of his wounds.

Shame FM reported that “two civilians were injured” by the shelling.

According to Facebook account Protectors of pulse and soul, the shelling also caused material damage to homes and property.

Al Muharer News and Military Correspondent attributed the missile shelling to Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, while Almoharar Media Network blamed the National Front for Libration – both groups are affiliated with Turkish forces. Multiple locations claimed the shelling was in response to shelling by the Syrian regime forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Reda Deeb رضا ديب
Adult male killed
Wife of Reda Deeb
Adult female injured

The victims were named as:

Haidar Amer Jurieh حيدر عامر جورية
7 years old male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    Assad regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Al Ghab News
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    Assad regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS051

Incident date

January 14, 2017

Location

الباب, Al Bab city, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to five civilians including one child died and more were wounded – including members of the civil defense – in artillery shelling on Al Bab, Syria, local media reported – though many sources didn’t identify the culprit. A tweet by a local “Amna Alali” was the only source to attrbute blame to Turkey.

Ameer Alabad reported that three members of civil defense wounded as they went about their duties.

A another report by Al Bab 24, added that “a rocket bombardment resulted in the injury of three rescue workers – Hassan Al Haj, Firas al-Haj and Mahmoud Basha, two of them were left in a critical condition. Additionally, the father of Mahmoud Basha died in a raid while he was trying to aid his son Mahmoud Basha.”

The Shaam News Network said that five civilians died and several more were wounded in artillery shelling.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

child from the family of al Sheikh Said
10 years old named by Al Bab 24, died following raids near al Salam hospital today [Jan 14th]". killed
father of Mahmoud Basha
Adult male killed
Hassan Al Haj
Adult male injured
Firas al-Haj
Adult injured
Mahmoud Basha
Adult injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • "Rocket bombardment resulted in the injury of three rescue workers and they are , Hassan Al Haj, Firas al-Haj Mahmoud Basha, two of them in critical condition, and the death of the father of Mahmoud Basha in a raid while he was trying to aid his son Mahmoud Basha". (via AlBab24)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab city (الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS070

Incident date

January 31, 2017

Location

الباب, Al Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and six people were reportedly killed in Turkish bombardment of Al Bab, Syria.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported: “While three people were killed, including a woman, by bombing and shelling by the Turkish forces and warplanes on areas in Tedef town and Al Bab city in the northeastern countryside of Aleppo which is controlled by the ‘Islamic State’ organization.”

Asharq Alarabi reported a higher number: “In the governorate of Aleppo, 15 people were killed, eight of them in the shelling of the towns of Tedef, Al Bureij and Al Bab in the governorate’s countryside.”

LCCSY only said that ten civilians died due to Turkish shelling in the Aleppo area with the majority of them around Al Bab.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab (الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS489 TS079

Incident date

February 13, 2017

Location

الباب, Al-Bab, New Street, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.3705393, 37.5151107

Airwars assessment

At least 15 civilians from the same family died in either Turkish or Coalition airstrikes, as the battle to seize Al Bab from ISIL continued. Up to nine other non-combatants also died.

Al Jazeera initially placed the death toll at 16 and then 24, though said the fatalities resulted from “shelling and battles in the city.” The Syrian Network blamed the Coalition for the deaths of “17 civilians, including 3 children and 5 women”, while LCCSY reported “21 martyrs in Aleppo killed in Turkish air and artillery bombardment on al Bab.”

According to Shaam News “Al A’amaq agency [ISIL] reported that Turkish aircraft and aircraft of the international coalition launched more than 20 air raid on the city’s neighborhoods, as has been targeting residential neighborhoods with more than 250 artillery shells and grenades.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (12)

Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male son of Ahmad Abdo Kazkaz killed
Age unknown male son of Mohammad Ali Kazkaz killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown female killed
Age unknown female killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown female killed

Family members (3)

Age unknown female killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    17 – 24
  • (3 children5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • Translation: 17 were killed and others wounded due to warplane raid targeted the new street in Al-Bab.
  • One of the victims (via Al Bab 24)
  • One of the victims (via Al Bab 24)
  • One of the victims (via Al Bab 24)
  • One of the victims (via Al Bab 24)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near Al Bab (Aleppo), Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    1 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    38SLF3049224538
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Sep 29, 2017
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area that correspond to the report of civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For February 12th-13th 2017 the Coalition publicly reported no strikes in the vicinity of Al Bab.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    17 – 24
  • (3 children5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS514

Incident date

June 2, 2022

Location

طنب, Tanab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.49613, 37.00332 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was injured in Tanab village, Shirawa district in the northern countryside of Afrin, Syria on June 2nd 2022 from “heavy gunfire”  and “shelling” attributed to Turkish forces and the SNA by local sources.

The civilian injured was reported to be Hassan Mustafa, aged between 12 and 13, according to different local sources.

At least ten of his sheep also died in this attack and it was reported that Mustafa was grazing the sheep at the time of attack, and that the shell exploded near him in the field.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkish forces, and Syrian Observatory for Human Rights specified that the strikes and gunfire was carried out by “Turkish forces and their proxy stationed in Jalbal and Maryamin in northern Aleppo”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hassan Mustafa
13 or 14 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • NPA Syria reports an alleged Turkish shelling on Tanab village in Afrin where one boy was reported injured whilst tending to his sheep on June 2nd 2022.

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tanab (طنب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.49613, 37.00332. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]