Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

December 30, 2016

Incident Code

RS1812

LOCATION

تادف, Tedef, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Between nine and 12 civilians – the majority from one family – were killed and up to 24 were wounded in alleged Russian airstrikes on Tefef, Aleppo, according to source son the ground. Graphic images published showed four child victims. According to one source nine civilians came from the same family. Dawaalhaq reported: “in support

Summary

First published
December 30, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 12
(4 children)
Civilians reported injured
3–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
9 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 14, 2017

Incident Code

RS2283a

LOCATION

طفس, Tafas , Daraa, Syria

Eight to 12 internally displaced civilians were killed, and dozens more were wounded, following an air and artillery airstrike on a residential area in Tafas, local media reported. According to sources, the raids struck the courtyard of Martyr Kiwan middle school which was being used to house internally displaced peoples from Etman. Sources were conflicted

Summary

First published
June 14, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian infrastructure
School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 12
(1–5 children3 women)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
10 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 16, 2015

Incident Code

RS049

LOCATION

تيرمعلة, Teir Ma'ala, Homs, Syria

For the second day in a row Russian aircraft reportedly targeted Teir Ma’ala, this time killing nine or more civilians according to reports. “Russian warplanes launched two raids on the town of Teir Ma’alah missiles, one of which targeted the area around the town mosque, which killed nine and about four wounded, mostly women and

Summary

First published
October 16, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 12
(1 child10 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
11 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3376

LOCATION

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Several air raids on the town of Ariha in Idlib province killed up to 12 civilians and injured many others, according to local sources. Missiles “dismantled” the Al-Ameen Medical Complex at around 11am, wounding two medical staff and damaging five emergency vehicles, Baladi News reported. The hospital provided primary health care, a dialysis center and

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
Healthcare facility
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 12
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

February 19, 2016

Incident Code

RS638

LOCATION

العرضي, Al A'ardi (Deir ez-Zor), Deir Ezzor, Syria

Twelve civilians died, including seven from the same family, in alleged Russian airstrikes on the Al A’ardi neighbourhood according to local sources. Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported 12 deaths in two Russian raids, while Shaam News Network said Russian warplanes “targeted civilians’ homes directly“. Both Al Jazeera and Alsory__Alhor also reported Russian strikes,

Summary

First published
February 19, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
12
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

November 14, 2017

Incident Code

RS2732

LOCATION

مخيم سوح الرفاعي,, Souh Al Rifa’i camp, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Twelve civilians were killed, and others were wounded in airstrikes on Souh Al Rifa’i camp for IDPs. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids. Initially reportage claimed that five children had been killed, however this umber rose 12 with an additional six children and a woman having been killed. There are

Summary

First published
November 14, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
12
(11 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
12 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 16, 2016

Incident Code

RS1594

LOCATION

الشعار, Al Shia'ar , Aleppo, Syria

Up to twelve civilians died following alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrikes on the Al Shia’ar neighbourhood of Aleppo, according to local media. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, cited in Welat-press, “helicopters of the Syrian regime targeted the [neighbourhood with] explosive barrels on Wednesday morning, resulting in a number of wounded”. The majority of

Summary

First published
November 16, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian infrastructure
Healthcare facility, School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 12
(5 children1 man)
Civilians reported injured
5–30
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 23, 2016

Incident Code

RS1035

LOCATION

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Eleven or twelve civilians died in an alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrike on Aleppo’s Al Fardous neighbourhood, according to local media. Smart News reported that Russian warplanes carried out two raids on the town. The Syrian Network for Human Rights, however, blamed “the regime and its allies for the warplane shelling”. The shelling reportedly

Summary

First published
July 23, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
11 – 12
(2 children1 woman3 men)
Civilians reported injured
10–35
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
5 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 27, 2019

Incident Code

RS3963

LOCATION

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Up to 13 civilians were reported killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ariha in Idlib, on July 27th, 2019 according to local sources. The airstrikes targeted the western neighborhood and a popular market, and France 24 reported that the airstrikes targeted two residential buildings. Members of two IDP families from Sinjar and

Summary

First published
July 27, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
11 – 13
(5–7 children1 woman4 men)
Civilians reported injured
22–40
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Russian Military
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
33 named, 5 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

February 4, 2018

Incident Code

RS2973

LOCATION

ادلب, Idlib, Syria

An alleged Russian airstrike, described as a “massacre”, hit a five-story building in Idlib, killing up to 12 civilians, including children and women, most from the same family and wounded as many as 25, local media reported. Euphrates Post described how “raids by Russian warplanes targeted the city by several air strikes, which led to the

Summary

First published
February 4, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 12
(5–6 children4–5 women)
Civilians reported injured
21–25
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 20, 2019

Incident Code

RS1642

LOCATION

الشعار, Al Shia'ar, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Between four and 12 civilians, including children, were died in alleged Russian airstrikes in the al-Sha’ar neighbourhood of Aleppo, local media reported. Up to 60 civilians were left wounded. Several sources reported that a family – a father and his children – was among the victims. One source showed a video of a woman mourning

Summary

First published
November 20, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 12
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
24–60
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

January 12, 2017

Incident Code

RS1826

LOCATION

اريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Between seven and 12 civilians died – including four children and three women – following an airstrike which struck a five story building in Ariha, Idlib. Sources were conflicted as to who was to blame for the raid, with some blaming Russia and others blaming the Syrian regime.  No specific numbers of civilians were reported

Summary

First published
January 12, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 12
(4 children3 women)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

June 19, 2019

Incident Code

RS3818

LOCATION

بنين, Benin, Idlib, Syria

In what local sources described as a “massacre”, up to 13 civilians were killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Benin on June 19th, 2019. Multiple sources reported that more than 10 civilians were wounded. Step News and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights claimed that at least seven civilians were killed and

Summary

First published
June 19, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 13
(1–6 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
3–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
12 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 15, 2016

Incident Code

RS907

LOCATION

Castello Road, Aleppo, Syria

Between three and twelve civilians died in alleged aerial bombardment on the Al Castillo road, “the only entry point into the city” of Aleppo, as reported by HalabToday TV. Fifteen civilians were suspected wounded during the attack, news of which came amdist reports of various neighbourhoods affected, namely: al Maysar, Bani Zeid, Altarab,  Bab al-Nairab,

Summary

First published
June 15, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 12
(2 women)
Civilians reported injured
15
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

October 2, 2017

Incident Code

CS1563 RS2588

LOCATION

بقرص فوقاني, Bokros Foqani, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Between 10 and 12 civilians, including an entire family, died in an airstrike on Bokros Foqani, local media reported. The culprit is currently unclear, though Airwars understands that the Coalition was not bombing in this territory at the time, while Russia reportedly was. Some sources also attributed the blame to the Syrian regime.  According to

Summary

First published
October 2, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10 – 12
(3 children1–4 women3 men)
Civilians reported injured
2–30
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
9 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 20, 2017

Incident Code

RS2481

LOCATION

قلعة المضيق, Kala'at al Madeeq, Hama, Syria

Between six and 12 civilians, including between two and three children and two women, were killed and between five and 37 others were injured in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes against the town of Kala’at al Madeeq in central Syria according to local sources. Smart News initially reported that eight civilians were killed but

Summary

First published
September 20, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 12
(2–5 children2–3 women)
Civilians reported injured
8–40
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
12 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 20, 2015

Incident Code

RS062

LOCATION

كفر تخاريم, Kafr Takharim, Idlib, Syria

A reported Russian airstrike on an empty school complex allegedly killed up to a dozen people, according to reports. Reporting from Sarmin, Orient News reporter Abu Mahmoud described the event: “Russian occupation forces targeted the town of Sarmeen with steric missiles. The target was a children’s school.. they are two schools next to each other,

Summary

First published
October 20, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian infrastructure
School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
12
Civilians reported injured
10
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 7, 2018

Incident Code

RS3185

LOCATION

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Two to 12 civilians were killed, including two Palestinians, due to airstrikes on Douma, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids. The Syrian Network for Human Rights was the only source to report that “12 civilians from the same family, including six children and four women” were killed

Summary

First published
March 7, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 12
(6 children4 women2 men)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 8, 2018

Incident Code

RS2871

LOCATION

تل منس, Tal Mannas, Idlib, Syria

A single source reported that “twelve unidentified civilian martyrs, from Idlib-Talmans, were killed by the indiscriminate bombardment of the Russian Air Force.” There are no other details at this time.

Summary

First published
January 8, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
12
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

January 25, 2016

Incident Code

RS459

LOCATION

ترمانين, Termanin, Idlib, Syria

12 civilians including four to five children and five women were killed – and 20 others injured – in airstrikes on Termanin, according to multiple sources. The Syrian Network for Human Rights also said that the target of the strike, a military commander of an Islamic battalion, was a 13th victim. The Syrian Network for Human Rights

Summary

First published
January 25, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
12
(4–5 children5 women)
Civilians reported injured
20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

December 24, 2016

Incident Code

RS1792

LOCATION

الأتارب, Al Atarib, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Between four and eleven civilians – six reportedly from the same family – were killed in an aerial bombardment which struck a residential neighbourhood in Al Atarib, Aleppo, local media reported. Dozens were also said to have been wounded in the strikes. Two men, two women and five named children were reported as killed by the

Summary

First published
December 24, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 11
(2–5 children1–2 women1–2 men)
Civilians reported injured
2–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
11 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 3, 2015

Incident Code

RS116

LOCATION

الأنصاري, Al Ansari (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

A vacuum missile, allegedly fired by Russian warplanes killed eleven non-combatants and injured about 20 in the Ansari neighbourhood of Aleppo, according to reports. Several homes have destroyed. Four of those killed were brothers and sisters from one family, who died alongside their father. The raid was one of several in neighbourhoods of Aleppo, including an

Summary

First published
November 3, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
11
(5 children)
Civilians reported injured
20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
11 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 7, 2018

Incident Code

RS3183

LOCATION

جسرين, Jisreen, Damascus, Syria

Between three and 11 civilians were killed and several others were injured in multiple airstrikes on the residential neighbourhood of Jisreen, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids. Sources gave varied reports on the number of civilians deaths. With many reporting that three had been killed, Jsreen.media.office named

Summary

First published
March 7, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 11
(6 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
7 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 18, 2016

Incident Code

RS1016

LOCATION

القاطرجي, Al Qaterji (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Up to 11 civilians including three children died and 15 more were wounded in an alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike which destroyed a four-story residential building in Aleppo’s Al Qaterji neighbourhood, local media reported. According to BNN, earth missiles and cluster bombs were both used in the airstrike. Smart News blamed Russian warplanes for

Summary

First published
July 18, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 11
(3 children2 men)
Civilians reported injured
15
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, Syrian Regime
Named victims
6 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 6, 2016

Incident Code

RS1536

LOCATION

دارة عزة, Darat Izza, Aleppo, Syria

Between five and 11 civilians were killed, including three women and five children, and 15 were wounded in airstrikes against Darat Izza city in western Aleppo. The civilians killed were all reportedly members of the same family and included a couple who had just been married a few days before. A video published by JisirTV

Summary

First published
November 6, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 11
(5 children3–4 women2 men)
Civilians reported injured
15
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

October 15, 2016

Incident Code

RS1463

LOCATION

ترمانين, Termamin, Aleppo, Syria

Between nine and 11 civilians died and up to 25 more were wounded in alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrikes on Termamin town, according to local sources. The lowest death count was given by @NewsFlashNet at at least nine. RevoSpring said that 10 people died, while Halab News joined most sources in putting the figure

Summary

First published
October 15, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 11
Civilians reported injured
12–25
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 14, 2016

Incident Code

RS1006

LOCATION

البوليل, Al Buliyal, Deir Ezzor, Syria

According to sources, an entire family of seven was killed overnight in their home in an alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on Bulial. However some reports allege the death toll to be as high as ten. Several reports said that “the warplanes targeted the Ayed Al-Jaloud house in Ruwayda neighbourhood east of the city.”

Summary

First published
July 14, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10 – 11
(2–3 children3 women4 men)
Civilians reported injured
10–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
11 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 8, 2016

Incident Code

RS1544

LOCATION

خان شيخون, Khan Shaykhun, Idlib, Syria

Between nine and 11 civilians were killed, including between six to eight children and two pregnant women, and seven other civilians were injured, including three children and a woman, in airstrikes launched against the residential neighbourhood Khan Sheikhoun. Three of the named children were brothers from one family that, according to sources, had come to

Summary

First published
November 8, 2016
Last updated
December 20, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 11
(6–9 children2–3 women)
Civilians reported injured
7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
11 named, 2 families identified
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

March 4, 2016

Incident Code

RS706

LOCATION

الصوانة, Sawaneh, Homs, Syria

Between nine and 11 civilians were killed in airstrikes on Sawaneh according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime. Shaam News Network reported: “Russian aviation has committed a massacre after midnight last night against civilians in the town of Sawana, southwestern

Summary

First published
March 4, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 11
(2 women5 men)
Civilians reported injured
50
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
9 named, 3 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 17, 2016

Incident Code

RS1598

LOCATION

كفر جالس, Kafr Jalis, Idlib, Syria

Up to eleven civilians died, including women and children, and more than ten were injured in Kafr Jalis following alleged Russian or regime shelling, according to various local sources. Most sources suspected six civilians killed, however, Syrian News Desk reported seven killed including more than ten injuries. Sky News put the toll at much high,

Summary

First published
November 17, 2016
Last updated
January 10, 2023
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 11
(3 children2 women)
Civilians reported injured
2–10
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident