Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS2834

Incident date

January 2, 2018

Location

خان السبل, Khan Al-Subul, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.753927, 36.770468 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local media reported a “massacre” whereby as many and seven civilians died and dozens more were wounded in Khan Al-Subul. Most sources blamed Russia, however some blamed the Syrian regime. A number of sources reported sighting warplanes but did not identify them.

The warplanes struck residential homes, according to local media, with seven consecutive raids, leaving an entire displaced family trapped under the rubble.

There were many wounded, including women and children, with members of the Syrian Civil Defence pulling victims and wounded from the rubble for hours after the incident due to the scale of destruction.

The wounded were, according to the Civil Defence, transported to local medical facilities.

Some sources specified the numbers of wounded, however others simply mentioned “dozens”. It is unclear how many civilians were wounded in the strikes.

One source showed a graphic image of a 40-day-old victim. Other images published showed dead children and wounded civilians.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 7
  • (4–5 children1–3 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Russian Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • Fires in the immediate aftermath of airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via Revolutionary Forces of Syria Media Office)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A child killed in airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @Halfaya)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A 40 day old baby killed in airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @jabalybaraa)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @Syriacivildefe)
  • Members of the Civil Defence search for victims in the aftermath of airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @Syriacivildefe)
  • Members of the Civil Defence search for victims in the aftermath of airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @Syriacivildefe)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A child killed in airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via @Hadialabdalla)
  • An injured child in the aftermath of airstrikes on Khan Al-Subul, 2nd January 2018. (via Aswat-sy)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In an article published on January 30th 2018 Russia reported: ”crews of the Aerospace Forces of Russia had successfully performed 34,561 sorties. The Minister of Defence pointed out that the Tu-22M3 long-range bombers, as well as the Su-24M, Su-34 and Su-35S short-range aircraft had proved to be efficient. The Tu-160 and Tu-95MS strategic bombers delivered 66 strikes by cruise missiles, and each eliminated the assigned target. The Minister of Defence also stated that Russian UAVs provided complete control over the whole Syrian territory. The head of the military department paid attention to the significant contribution to the achievement of the operation made by the Navy. The naval surface forces carried out 171 combat missions. The ships and submarines carried out 100 high-precision attacks with the Kalibr cruise missiles. For the first time, the aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Soviet Union Fleet Kuznetsov" participated in combat operations. Due to high professional skills of deck aircraft, 1,252 terrorist objects were eliminated.”

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 7
  • (4–5 children1–3 women1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Russian Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2833

Incident date

December 31, 2017

Location

كفر حرمة, Ma’aret Harma, Idlib , Syria

Geolocation

35.5497387, 36.5422624 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between one and five civilians, including one woman, were killed and up to “dozens” more were left wounded following aerial shelling of Ma’aret Harma, Idlib, local media reported. Sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

Following the incident, Fresh News’ correspondent reported that a woman was killed and civilians were wounded. Several reports echoed this, reporting one or two fatalities, all mentioning one female victim.

However, @AleppoAMC, gave much higher tolls, reporting five deaths and the wounding of dozens more.

While several sources pointed to the Syrian regime as the culprit, just one, Fresh News, attributed the event to Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Unknown

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafar Harma, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via Edlib Media Cente)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafar Harma, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via Edlib Media Cente)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafar Harma, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via Edlib Media Cente)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.



Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Unknown

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2832

Incident date

December 31, 2017

Location

معرة النعمان, Ma'ret Al Nu'man, Idlib , Syria

Geolocation

35.6477913, 36.6591881 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was killed and several others were left wounded as an alleged Assad or Russian-waged airstrike hit Ma’ret Al Nu’man, Idlib, local media reported.

@aladeyeh and Masar Press, who both identified Russia as the culprit, reported one fatality and two wounded.

Meanwhile, @OsamaKaial reported that the strike had wounded several civilians. It was the only source that blamed the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.




Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2831

Incident date

December 31, 2017

Location

الهلبة, al-Halba, Idlib , Syria

Geolocation

35.567506, 36.782958 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One or two civilians, reportedly both children, were killed and several other non-combatants were left wounded following aerial shelling of al-Halba, Idlib, carried out by either Russia or the Syrian regime, local media reported.

While most sources reported one fatality, a few sources reported the death of two civilians, such as the Violations Documentation Center Syria (VDC), who said that the two victims were brothers and identified them as the sons of an Awad Ballan. The Facebook account Hibatu Allah identified one of the brothers by his first name. However, that source did not mention the death of the second brother.

Sources were conflicted in terms of culpability. Some attributed blame to the Syrian regime. For example, Fresh News reported that  “Al-Assad military aircraft carried out several air raids at noon today [Dec 31st]” , while the Violations Documentation Centre  apportioned blame to “the Syrian government and affiliated militias”.

Meanwhile, several sources, including Masar Press, Zaiton Mag and @AJArabic identified Russia as responsible.

The White Helmets added that a “fire broke out” as a result of a “huge raid” on the village.

The incident occured around midday.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Child male killed
Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1–2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of the contested airstrikes in al-Halba, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great damage upon the city (via Step News Agency)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrikes in al-Halba, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great damage upon the city (via @aalbrhawy)
  • The Civil Defence trying to extinguish the fire caused by the contested airstrikes striking in al-Halba, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, (via @SyriaCivilDefe)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.


Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1–2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2830

Incident date

December 31, 2017

Location

كفرسجنة, Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.5261134, 36.5813398 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between five and eight civilians, including children and women, were killed and “dozens” were left wounded following heavy aerial shelling in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, carried out by either the Syrian regime or Russia, local sources reported. There were reports that a popular market as well as homes in the town were struck.

The reported death toll ranged from five to eight – and most of the sources mentioned that children and women were among the victims.

At least one male child was killed as described by many sources and supported by images. The Syrian Network for Human Rights identified the child by name as the child of Ibrahim Hamdawi.

Additionally, the Violations Documentation Center Syria  identified one adult male as killed.

While the civil defence reported “several” wounded, most sources said that as many as “dozens” were injured, including women and children.

The strikes hit the main street of the city, multiple sources reported.

Sherif Ismael, a member of the Civil Defense told Baladi News that “the civil defence and rescue teams immediately rushed to the scene of the bombing. They worked to recover the bodies, rescue the wounded, lift the rubble and open the roads. The raids left a lot of damage to private and public property, and fires broke out in the shops.”

Most sources apportioned blame to the Syrian regime and many reports provided details about the explosives it had allegedly used.

Sherif Ismael from the Civil Defense described the warplanes as the type of Sikhwi 22 belonging to the regime forces. Madar Daily said the Syrian regime engaged rocket-propelled grenades.

However, Russian culpability cannot be ruled out as several sources identified Russia as the responsible, including @AJArabic and Zaiton Mag.

Step News Agency pointed in one report to the Syrian regime and in another, to Russian forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 8
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (16) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, where large parts of the city is left is rubble (via RFS Media Office)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A family is mourning the death of their son who reportedly died in airstrikes carried out by Russia or the coalition in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via Orient News)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via RFS Media Office)
  • A family is mourning the death of their son who reportedly died in airstrikes carried out by Russia or the coalition in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via @emedadynznky)
  • A father is mourning the death of his son who reportedly died in airstrikes carried out by Russia or the coalition in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via @zhrane_ahmed)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via @mansouraharoun)
  • The aftermath of the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017, that inflicted great civilian damage to both persons and properties (via @TNNArabic)
  • Footage from Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, during and after the airstrikes hit civilian sites in the city on December 31st, 2017 (via @AJArabic)
  • One child, identified as Omar, was reportedly among the victims caused by airstrikes carried out by Russia or the coalition in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via The Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Women and children were among the victims caused by the contested airstrike in Kafr Sajneh, Idlib, December 31st, 2017 (via @suriAsyl)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.




Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 8
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2829

Incident date

December 30, 2017

Location

اللطامنة, Lataminah, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3219885, 36.6234398 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

High explosive missiles struck Lataminah, leaving several civilians wounded, according to local media. All sources either attributed blame to Russia, or did not identify a belligerent.

Only an unspecifiied number of civilians were reported injured, but there were no reports of fatalities.

According to Arab48 News, there was a “heavy bombardment with missile launchers, without reports of civilian casualties.”

Footage published shows the intensity of the bombardment.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The exact moment an airstrikes struck the Lataminah vicinity, 30th December 2017. (via Thiqa News Agency)
  • The exact moment an airstrikes struck the Lataminah vicinity, 30th December 2017. (via Mahmoud Al Hamwi)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2826

Incident date

December 29, 2017

Location

التمانعة, Al Taman'a, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.457626, 36.750314 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was injured, and an unspecific number were killed, in air and artillery strikes which struck Al Taman’a, according to sources on the ground. Local media blamed both the Syrian regime and Russian warplanes for the civilian harm.

Orient News reported that “helicopters threw several barrels of explosives” on the vicinity. A local source, @mohanadalshekh, corroborates this report.

According to @abdallah_taweel, the missiles were land-to-land, and targeted both Al-Khwain and Al Taman’a.

Only one source reported that a single civilian was injured. While Step News Agency reported that as many as five civilians were killed and others were wounded when “Russian and Syrian air raids targeted today [Dec 29th] the towns of Al Taman’a  and Khwain and Tahtaya and the city of Ma’arat al-Nu’man”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The exact moment aircraft struck Al Taman'a, 29th December 2017. (via Edlib Media center)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.


Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2825

Incident date

December 29, 2017

Location

الخوين, Al Khwain, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.478114, 36.83559 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were killed and wounded in air and artillery strikes on Al Khwain, according to reports from the ground. Local sources either attributed the blame to the Syrian regime or to Russia.

The only civilian harm allegation is from Step News Agency who reported that “The Russian and Syrian air raids targeted today, the towns of “Al Taman’a  and Khwain and Tahtaya” and the city of “Ma’arat al-Nu’man” in the southern countryside, killing five civilians and wounding others”. It does not specify where they died.

Other local media reported “heavy shelling of land-to-land missiles” and the use of cluster bombs.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.


Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]