Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS2068

Incident date

April 3–February 4, 2017

Location

كفرناها, Kafr Naha, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1656062, 36.9718334 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were wounded in air and artillery strikes on Kafr Naha – though it was unclear whether Russia or the regime were to blame.

Syria_ar noted that the “Al-Rahal Society” in the town was struck.

According to the Step News Agency, “Russian air raids targeted Kafr Naha and its outskirts and Khan al A’ssal in western Aleppo causing injuries in Kafr Naha.”

Other sources said that the town was pounded by artillery.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Translation: 'Aleppo: Vacuum rockets hit western Aleppo 4-4-2017'
  • Translation: 'The effects of the destruction caused by the air raids on Al-Rahal Society in the town of Kufarnaha in the western part of Aleppo.'
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Naha, April 3rd 2017 (via HNN)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Naha, April 3rd 2017 (via HNN)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Naha, April 3rd 2017 (via HNN)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2069

Incident date

April 3, 2017

Location

سراقب, Saraqeb, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.859101, 35.797731 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to five civilians were killed – including an entire family of four people – and as many as seven other civilians were injured – including three children – in an airstrike which struck the residential neighbourhood of Saraqeb, according to local media. Sources all blamed Russian warplanes for the raid, though some, such as Smart News, didn’t identify the warplanes.

Most sources, including Syria Civil Defence and other local tweeters, reported that a mother and her three children were killed in the raid. They were named by ENN.

However, EdlibNN tweeted that two women and two children were killed. Additionally, Shamna put the death toll at five. 

Many of the wounded had serious injures, according to reportage, and a medical source from Serakib said “the number of people killed in the next few hours is increasing due to the seriousness of some of the wounded”. 

Media activist Leith al-Assi from Rural Idlib told the “News of Syria”, that the civil defence teams recovered three children who are still alive from the rubble.” The injured were taken to field hospitals by ambulance in and around the city. 

Halab Today TV specified that vacuum missiles were used to struck the vicinity. 

The incident occured at 21:22:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Adult female killed
Child killed
Child killed
Child killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (2–3 children1–2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Just moments after the alleged Russian airstrike hit Saraqeb. Injured civilians can be seen being taken to hospital in an ambulance. 3rd April 2017. (via Idlib Media Centre)
  • Members of the Civil Defence rescue civilians from the rubble in the aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Saraqeb, 3rd April 2017. (via Syrian Civil Defence)
  • Members of the Civil Defence rescue civilians from the rubble in the aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Saraqeb, 3rd April 2017. (via Syrian Civil Defence)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured child in the aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Saraqeb, 3rd April 2017. (via Syrian Civil Defence)
  • An injured child is pulled from the rubble and taken to a medical facility in the aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Saraqeb, 3rd April 2017. (via Idlib Media Centre)
  • Sham Hasan Tellawi, killed alongside her mother and two siblings in an alleged Russian raid which targeted Saraqeb, 3rd April 2017. (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • (2–3 children1–2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–7
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2059

Incident date

April 3, 2017

Location

كفرنبودة, Kafr Nbouda, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.429388, 36.49078 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as three civilians from the same family – including a child and a woman – were killed, and up to four more were wounded, following a raid on Kafr Nbouda. All sources blamed Russian warplanes for the raid, except the Syrian Network for Human Righhst who pointed to both Russia and the Assad regime. which blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime.

Video footage published by the Syrian Civil Defence shows dead and wounded civilians trapped under the rubble. Members of the Civil Defence worked into the night to dig them out.

A journalist reported to Smart News that “it is not clear how many [wounded] were transferred to nearby medical points”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Dead and wounded civilians are pulled from the rubble following a raid on their home in Kafr Nbouda, 3rd April 2017. (via Syria Civil Defence)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2060

Incident date

April 3, 2017

Location

خان شيخون, Khan Sheikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.440813, 36.6493607 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and four civilians were killed and up to 15 more were injured following an alleged Russia or Assad regime missile strike on Khan Sheikhoun.

Syria News Desk said that up to 20 people were killed and wounded, specifying that three civilians were killed, meaning as many as 17 were likely injured in the raid.

Aljazeera put the death toll at four civilians.

Additional reporting suggested that many civilians were trapped under the rubble and sustained serious injures. Syria News Desk added that the death toll was likely to rise due to serious injures, such as amputations. Furthermore, the hospital asked for a blood donation through “wireless observatories” from members of the public.

According to Smart News, there were more than four rocket attacks in various locations within Khan Sheikhoun city. Idlib Media Centre added that C5 missiles were used in the raid. 

The majority of sources attributed the strikes to Russia, though Ahmad Sheiko blamed “Al-Sukhoi warplanes of the regime for launching an airstrike on residential neighbourhoods of Khan Sheikhoun”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–17
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • The exact moment a missile hit Khan Sheikhoun, 3rd April 2017. (via Idlib Media Centre)
  • The exact moment a missile hit Khan Sheikhoun, 3rd April 2017. (via Idlib Media Centre)
  • The exact moment a missile hit Khan Sheikhoun, 3rd April 2017. (via Idlib Media Centre)
  • Translation: 'The moment warplanes with S8 missiles struck the western neighborhood of the city of Khan Sheikun in the southern Idlib countryside.'

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–17
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2062

Incident date

April 3, 2017

Location

بزابور, Bzabor, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.774919, 36.615474 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between one and three civilians were killed, and others were wounded, in an alleged Russian airstrike on Bzabor, local media said. Both sources attributed blame to Russian warplanes.

According to SMO, “activists reported that the Russian occupation aircraft launched several air raids on the city of Khan Sheikun and the town of Bazabor, killing three people and wounding others.” 

Whereas Step reported “Russian planes target Bzabor town killing a civilian and injuring another in southern Idlib”.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2075

Incident date

April 4, 2017

Location

حمورية, Hamouriya, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.528464, 36.389472 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as eight civilians were killed, and dozens more were wounded in an airstrike on a residential neighbourhood in Hamouriya. Sources were conflicted regarding who was to blame. All sources blamed the Syrian regime except Smart who pointed to Russian warplanes. The shelling reportedly occurred in conjunction with many other raids on towns in the countryside of Damascus.

TRT Arabic tweeted that dozens were killed and injured following Syrian regime raids on Hamouriya. They also published photographs of injured children being treated in a medical facility. 

Hazem Alshami published footage of the exact moment the raids hit, and captioned the video “An airstrike with seven rockets from the cities of Sakaba and Hamouriya in eastern Al-Ghouta”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Age unknown killed
Child killed
Child female killed
Child male killed
Age unknown killed
Age unknown killed
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 8
  • (4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via Shehab)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via Shehab)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via Shehab)
  • Civilians are rescued in the aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via Shehab)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured child awaits medical treatment in the aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via TRT Arabic)
  • An injured child awaits medical treatment in the aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via TRT Arabic)
  • An injured child awaits medical treatment in the aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via TRT Arabic)
  • The exact moment airstrike hit Hamouriya, 4th April 2017. (via Hazem Alshami)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 8
  • (4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS662a RS2072

Incident date

April 4, 2017

Location

سلقين, Salqeen, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.13951, 36.45413 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as 37 civilians were killed, and between 12 and 50 were wounded, following an airstrike on Salqeen – according to local sources. Up to 17 children and five women were allegedly killed in this raid on the residential neighbourhood. According to Euphrates Post, “four of them a family from eastern Deir Ezzor”. The number of dead was reportedly likely to rise due to the severity of some of the wounded.

Sources were conflicted as to who was to blame. Many blamed Russia for the strikes, and others blamed the Syrian regime, however Qasioun News blamed the International Coalition for the raid; they were the only source to attribute blame to the Coalition.

Multiple sources such as Orient News, reported that warplanes “targeted a school, mosque and a popular market in the city of Salqeen”. The Syrian Network for Human Rights named al Rawda Mosque. Unayyapress amongst others, reported that residential buildings were also struck, trapping many civilians under the rubble. They added that more than one missile “targeted” the area “which led to the collapse of parts of buildings over the heads of its inhabitants”. Syria News Desk additionally reported that a clock tower was also caught in the raid and partially destroyed. 

The wounded were allegedly taken to medical facilities in other parts of Idlib. 

Multiple sources, including the Step News Agency, reported that vacuum missiles were responsible for the destruction on the vicinity.

In their June 2020 civilian casualty report, the US-led Coalition assessed reports that they were responsible for civilian harm in this strike as “non-credible”, stating that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area at that time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male killed
Child killed
Child male killed
Adult female killed
Age unknown male killed
Child killed
Age unknown killed
Age unknown killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Age unknown killed
Adult female killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Child female killed
14 years old female killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 37
  • (14–17 children5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime

Sources (39) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (18) [ collapse]

  • Members of the White Helmets rescue wounded civilians from the rubble in the aftermath of an airstrike on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via White Helmets)
  • Members of the White Helmets rescue wounded civilians from the rubble in the aftermath of an airstrike on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via White Helmets)
  • Members of the White Helmets rescue wounded civilians from the rubble in the aftermath of an airstrike on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via White Helmets)
  • Rubble which once was a mosque, in the aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via SN4HR)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via Smart)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via Smart)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via Smart)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via Smart)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via Smart)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @ShahbaPress)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @ShahbaPress)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @ShahbaPress)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @ShahbaPress)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @DarAlimantv)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @DarAlimantv)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @DarAlimantv)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @DarAlimantv)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Salqeen, 4th April 2017. (via @ALAMAWI)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SBA709024
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Jun 24, 2020
  • Apr. 4, 2017, in Salqeen, Syria, via Airwars report. After a review of all available records it was assessed that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area that corresponds to the report of civilian casualties. 3097/CS662a 37SBA709024

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 37
  • (14–17 children5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime

Sources (39) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2070

Incident date

April 4, 2017

Location

كفرنبودة, Kafr Nbouda, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.429388, 36.49078 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians from one family were killed in an alleged Russian raid on Kfar Nbouda, according to reports from the ground. Both sources blamed Russian warplanes for the raid.

The Smart News Agency reported: “Three civilians from a family were killed on Monday night [April 3rd] by a bombardment of warplanes likely to be Russian on the town in the countryside of Hama, central Syria, the civil defence correspondent told Smart. The civil defence said that the aircraft launched raids on the town of Kafr Nbouda (50 km northwest of the city of Hama), killing a man and his wife and child, without mentioning the presence of wounded.”

Halab News reported “three martyrs and others stuck under the rubble following Russian raids on Kfar Nbouda in the Hama countryside.”

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]