All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

August 23, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-147

LOCATION

غرغور, Gharghour, Tarabulus, Libya

At least 21 people, including at least three men, were killed and two men were injured in a detention facility run by the Revolutionary Guard in Gargur, south of Bab Al-Aziziyah, on August 23, 2011 according to UN Report Source Page 72. According to witnesses and family members, most of those being held in the

Summary

First published
August 23, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
21
(3 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 22, 2022

Incident Code

LC431

LOCATION

مشروع الموز, Mashrou’ Al Muz, Tarabulus, Libya

Local sources reported that a woman and her two children were killed and the father was injured in shelling during clashes in Mashrou’ Al Muz in Tripoli on July 22, 2022. One source asserted that this news was not true. @tkyroogklshytk tweeted that a family near Mashrou’ Al Muz was killed due to shelling of

Summary

First published
July 22, 2022
Last updated
October 20, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 3
(0–2 children0–1 women)
Civilians reported injured
0–1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

September 24, 2018

Incident Code

LQ068

LOCATION

درنة, Derna, Darnah, Libya

Heavy artillery shelling from the LNA was reported in Derna between September 28th and October 1st. The Libya Observer wrote: “Derna in eastern Libya has been the scene for fierce clashes since Sunday between Derna Protection Force and the self-styled army forces led by Khalifa Haftar. Eyewitnesses said clashes renewed in Wasit Al-Blad neighborhood, where

Summary

First published
September 24, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

September 1, 2019

Incident Code

LC188

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: مطار معيتيقة, Tripoli: Mitiga International Airport, Tarabulus, Libya

Between one and seven civilians were allegedly injured because of LNA artillery shelling on Mitiga International Airport in Tripoli. Alwasat quoted the spokesman for the ambulance and emergency service who said one civilian was injured. 218TV reported: “Mitiga airport wass shelled with more than five rocket-propelled grenades on Sunday, with conflicting reports of injuries among

Summary

First published
September 1, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1–7
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

October 13, 2019

Incident Code

LC217

LOCATION

جامعة افريقيا المتحدة, University of Africa , Al Jafarah, Libya

One civilian was reportedly injured by an LNA airstrike on Aziziya. Hona Souq Al-Khmies reported: “The fall of random shells on Aziziya on the farm of Al-Madani and the injury of a member of the family lightly wounded and leaving material damage.” The LNA had confirmed airstrikes in the area, according to Ewan Libya and

Summary

First published
October 13, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

November 14, 2019

Incident Code

LC244

LOCATION

الزهور, Al Zohour, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by LNA artillery shelling on the Al Zohour neighbourhood of Tripoli. The Libya Observer reported: “Meanwhile, one person was killed in Al-Zohoor neighborhood in Tripoli after 10 Grad rockets fired by Haftar’s forces fell on the residential area Thursday. Al-Zohoor neighborhood in Salah Al-Deen in southern Tripoli has been seeing

Summary

First published
November 14, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 4, 2020

Incident Code

LC273

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: الكلية العسكرية, Tripoli: Military College, Tarabulus, Libya

In a massive incident, between 20 and 30 people were killed and 33 others injured in an alleged LNA or Emirati airstrike that targeted a military school in Al Hadaba, Tripoli, Libya on January, 4th, 2020, according to local sources. Libya Al Ahrar reported that victims of this attack don’t exceed the age of 25

Summary

First published
January 4, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian infrastructure
School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Libyan National Army, United Arab Emirates Military
Suspected target
GNA
Belligerents reported killed
20–32
Belligerents reported injured
12–33
View Incident

Incident date

February 25, 2020

Incident Code

LC303

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: الهضبة طول, Tripoli: Hadaba Tawal, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed and two more injured by LNA shelling on the Hadaba project area of Tripoli. Al Wasat wrote: “A spokesman for the Ministry of Health in the Government of Al-Wefaq, Amin al-Hashemi, announced that a citizen was killed by a random shell that landed in the ‘Hadaba Tawal’ area, south of

Summary

First published
February 25, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 6, 2020

Incident Code

LC335

LOCATION

غابة النصر, Nasr Forest, Tarabulus, Libya

Four civilians were allegedly injured by LNA shelling near the Nasr Forest in Tripoli The Libya Observer reported: “‘Three people have been injured in Haftar’s attack on Abu Salim, including one 15-year-old boy. The shelling continues on Ghabat Al-Nasser, Hay Dimashiq, and Abu Salim. At least four civilians are injured.’ Al-Hashemi [media adviser of the

Summary

First published
April 6, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 23, 2020

Incident Code

LC365

LOCATION

أربع شوارع زويته, Al Zuwaita Junction, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by indiscriminate artillery selling on Ain Zara. Al Wasat wrote: “A spokesman for the ambulance and emergency services, Osama Ali, announced the death of a citizen as a result of a shrapnel wound when ‘shells fell on a house in Zuwita Street in Ain Zara’ in the capital, Tripoli, on

Summary

First published
April 23, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 3
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
1–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 14, 2020

Incident Code

LC395

LOCATION

الشويرف, Ash Shwayrif, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

Two civilians were reported killed in alleged Turkish drone attack on their car in Ash Shwayrif in Jabal al Gharbi in Libya on May 14th, according to local sources. The two men belong to the Mashashiya tribe. Libya 24 said that “Activists on social media reported that two young men from the Mashashiya tribe from

Summary

First published
May 14, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Turkish Military, Government of National Accord
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

August 5, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-135

LOCATION

مسكن مصطفى ناجي المرابط, Mustafa Naji Al Morabit, Marqab, Libya

Two children and their mother were allegedly killed in a NATO airstrike on Zliten. The Telegraph said: “Residents from the town said the strike happened just after 6am, killing brothers Mohammed, three, and Moataz, five, and their mother Ibtisam. Moussa Ibrahim, Libyan government spokesman, accused Nato of bombing civilian targets frequently. He said: In the

Summary

First published
August 5, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(2 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

September 24, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-180

LOCATION

سرت‎, Sirte, Surt, Libya

One civilian was allegedly injured by NATO bombing on Sirte. TV Arrai reported bombing of residential areas by NATO. Surt Son posted a video on Youtube of a civilian with face injuries. The narrator says he was injured while sitting near his car. NATO on that day reported hitting “2 command and control nodes, 1

Summary

First published
September 24, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
View Incident

Incident date

April 6, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-061

LOCATION

مصراتة‎, Misurata, Misrata, Libya

On April 6th 2011, Gaddafi forces launched an airstrike or artillery shelling on Misurata in the evening that resulted in the reported deaths of five people and the injuring of an additional 25. Al Jazeera said that five people were killed and 25 others wounded in the bombing on areas controlled by the rebels in

Summary

First published
April 6, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5
Civilians reported injured
25
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Gaddafi Forces
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

September 7, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-158

LOCATION

التسعين, Al Tes'een, Surt, Libya

On September 7th, 2011 NATO forces bombed the Al Tes’seen near Sirte, killing a 60 year old woman and injuring two children, a four year old girl and nine year old boy. Another unnamed woman was shown on video in the hospital, but it was unclear if she had died as a result of the

Summary

First published
September 7, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
(1–2 women)
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 23, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-018

LOCATION

ميدان الشهداء‎, Martyrs’ Square, Al Zawiyah, Libya

On February 23rd, 2011, seven civilians were killed by the 32nd Brigade in the central square of Al Zawiyah. A UN report mentioned the shooting of seven unarmed civilians. The report states “The Commission found local authorities exercised initial restraint when engaging protesters in the central square in Al Zawiyah. The Commission determined a violent

Summary

First published
February 23, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-203

LOCATION

الزاوية‎, Zawiya, Al Zawiyah, Libya

At least two men died from injuries they sustained after being detained by rebel forces at Judayem detention centre and later died in Al Zawiyah Hospital on October 9, 2011 according to UN Report Source Page 81. Both men were arrested on September 17, 2011 in Al Zawiyah by rebel forces and taken to Judaism

Summary

First published
October 9, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Cause of injury / death
Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected target
Libyan rebel forces
View Incident