All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

December 13, 2019

Incident Code

LC253

LOCATION

مشروع الهضبة, Hadaba project, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by LNA artillery shelling on the Hadaba project area of Tripoli. Tarhuna 24 said: “Artillery shelling targets Al-Wefaq [GNA] concentrations in Hadaba project.” Tripoli 219 wrote: “Also today’s evening, in the [Hadaba] project, a random shell landed on a citizen who had been hospitalized. Unfortunately, he died in the hospital.”

Summary

First published
December 13, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Suspected target
GNA
View Incident

Incident date

January 25, 2020

Incident Code

LC280

LOCATION

مستشفى الصفوة , Al Safwa Hospital, Tarabulus, Libya

Between two and three civilians were allegedly injured because of indiscriminate shelling near the Al Safwa hospital in Tripoli. According to the Field Medicine and Support Center, “a shell targeted the Safwa clinic this evening, Saturday, 25-1-2020 in the Hadaba area, which resulted in the injury of citizen Hossam Nouri al-Mabrouk and citizen Yassin Ali

Summary

First published
January 25, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 18, 2020

Incident Code

LC313

LOCATION

المزاوغة, Al Mazawaga, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly injured by indiscriminate shelling on Ain Zara. The Ambulance Services Libya said: “A shell landed in Al-Mazawaga village, Ain Zara, at a house. Rescue teams went to the place and a case was rescued for treatment.” Tk Yahroug Kl shy reported mortar shelling and posted an carbon copy of the report

Summary

First published
March 18, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 13, 2020

Incident Code

LC344

LOCATION

سوق الجمعة , Souq Al Jumaa, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly injured by indiscriminate shelling on the Souq Al Jumaa area of Tripoli. Libya Alahrar TV said: “Aid and Emergency spokesperson, Osama Ali: A worker of African nationality was injured as a result of the shelling on the Friday Market.” Reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the culprit.

Summary

First published
April 13, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 29, 2020

Incident Code

LC374

LOCATION

مطار معيتيقة الدولي: جهاز الطب العسكري, Mitiga Airport: Military Medical Authority Headquarters, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was killed and at least five others, including a woman, were killed in alleged LNA artillery strikes on the Military Medical Authority headquarters on the Mitiga airport, Tripoli, on April 29th, 2020. Field Medicine and Support Center reported that “the Military Medical Authority building was hit by indiscriminate shells, which caused the death of

Summary

First published
April 29, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
5–6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
6 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 19, 2020

Incident Code

LC403

LOCATION

بئر التوتة, Bi'r Altota, Tarabulus, Libya

Four civilians were allegedly injured by GNA artillery shelling on Qasr Bin Gashir. Alsaaa24 said: “Eyewitnesses reported that the heavy artillery shelling did not stop since the morning hours on the Bi’r Altota area and the Sharif Hotel in Qasr Bin Gashir by Syrian mercenaries and armed militias loyal to the ‘Government of Reconciliation’. They

Summary

First published
May 19, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
View Incident

Incident date

April 24, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-076

LOCATION

مصراتة, Misurata, Misrata, Libya

Between one and 14 civilians were allegedly killed by Gaddafi forces shelling on Misurata. An Amnesty International investigation found the following: “Ahmed Ahmed al-Majdoub, a 64-year-old father of 10, was killed on 25 April at his daughter’s house in the Qasr Ahmad neighbourhood of Misratah, to the west of the port.” The investigation quotes al-Majdoub’s

Summary

First published
April 24, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 14
(1 child1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1–25
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected targets
Libyan rebel forces, Other
Named victims
1 named
Belligerents reported killed
3
View Incident

Incident date

October 1, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-192

LOCATION

1000 وحدة سكنية, 1000 Housing Project, Surt, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by a NATO airstrike on the 1,000 housing units in Sirte. According to Al Gadadiffa martyrs, “Yaza Omar, age unknown, was killed due to the indiscriminate shelling of 1,000 housing units.” NATO on that day reported hitting “1 command and control node, 1 infantry and anti-aircraft artillery staging area, 2

Summary

First published
October 1, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 27, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-098

LOCATION

الدفنية, Al Dafniyah, Misrata, Libya

On May 27th, 2011, rocket strikes from Gaddafi forces in the Dafiniyah area of Misurata were said to have killed one reporter and six rebels, as well as injuring 25 other rebels. Multiple sources described the reporter as Mohammad Al Ma’dani, a journalist who had documented the rebel groups. Tawasul MC said: “25 wounded and

Summary

First published
May 27, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Gaddafi Forces
Suspected targets
Libyan rebel forces, Other
Named victims
1 named
Belligerents reported killed
6
Belligerents reported injured
25
View Incident

Incident date

August 10, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-140

LOCATION

مصراتة, Misrata, Libya

On August 10th, 2011, Gaddafi forces reportedly fired between four to eight rockets at Misurata. A single source claims three had arrived in the hospital during the bombings, and an another source mentions injuries without providing a number. It was unclear how many of those who arrived at the hospital were injured, killed, as well

Summary

First published
August 10, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 3
Civilians reported injured
0–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Gaddafi Forces
Suspected target
Libyan rebel forces
Belligerents reported killed
0–3
Belligerents reported injured
0–3
View Incident

Incident date

April 11, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-066

LOCATION

مصراتة, Misurata, Misrata, Libya

On April 11th, 2011, three members of the Swaib family were killed, with three other member injured by Gaddafi forces in Misurata. A Facebook post from the page “Libya Only” reported the casualties on April 24th. A young child and his parents were injured, with another four year old child reported dead alongside two male

Summary

First published
April 11, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

September 22, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-175

LOCATION

سرت, Sirte, Surt, Libya

At lease one female civilian was injured in Sirte when she was struck by a stray bullet in her home on September 22, 2011 according to a tweet from @libyaalahrartv.

Summary

First published
September 22, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
View Incident

Incident date

September 11, 2018

Incident Code

LC088

LOCATION

أبو سليم, Abu Salim, Tarabulus, Libya

Around four civilians were reported injured because of indiscriminate artillery shelling on the Abu Salim neighbourhood of Tripoli. The Municipal Council of Abu Salim posted on Facebook about the events: “Shelling on one of the safe houses behind the health complex in the municipality of Abu Salim, causing panic among the residents and some damage

Summary

First published
September 11, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, 7th Brigade
View Incident

Incident date

July 2, 2017

Incident Code

LQ051

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Municipal hotel, Benghazi, Libya

Various sources reported 17 LNA airstrikes in central Benghazi near the municipal hotel.

Summary

First published
July 2, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

January 2, 2017

Incident Code

LC055

LOCATION

سبها‎, Gwirat al-Mal checkpoint, Sabha, Libya

An unspecified number of civilians were wounded in an alleged GNA/Misurata Air Force strike on the road leading to Sabha, local media reported. According to m.boshgma, “A military aircraft of the Third Force took off from the Tamanhint base and targeted the road leading to the city, injuring civilians”. AJEL.Ardalsharif.News and krama1951libya published carbon copies of this

Summary

First published
January 2, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
Suspected target
Other
View Incident

Incident date

September 28, 2015

Incident Code

LQ013

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, port, Benghazi, Libya

Local sources reported LNA air and artillery strikes in the Sabri and fish market neighbourhoods, and near the cement factory. In addition, a boat allegedly loaded with weapons trying to enter Marissa port was targeted. There were no known public reports of civilian harm.

Summary

First published
September 28, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

November 24, 2014

Incident Code

LC006

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: مطار معيتيقة, Mitiga International Airport, Tarabulus, Libya

As part of a wave of raids on the city (see previous cases) LNA planes reportedly targeted Mitiga airport damaging the building and injuring two civilians – a woman and her daughter. Alwasat provided the most detail on the event, reporting: “A woman and her daughter were injured on Monday evening [Nov 24th] when a warplane

Summary

First published
November 24, 2014
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident