Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

CS782 RS2218

Incident date

May 8, 2017

Location

دبسي عفنان, Dibsi Afnan, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.8175348, 38.2162857 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two adult male civilians died – as well as one additional child casualty – and up to a dozen or more were wounded in an airstrike on the village of Dibsi Afnan, according to local media. Most sources blame Russia, while some alleged that the regime was responsible – though more than three commentators also claimed that the Coalition carried out the attack.

@SourrNews reporred that one of the civilians killed was a displaced person. 

The two men were named by Raqqa is being Slaughtered Silently as victims of Russian raids. However, in the comment section of the post, people claim that Russia was not responsible and that the strike was by the international US led Coalition. The Shaam News Network, which put the death toll at two, also attributed the event to the Coalition.

Mohab Nasser mentioned that an eight year old child was also killed.

According to the Step News Agency, “three children and a woman were injured lightly in Russian raids using cluster bombs on the edges of Dibsi Faraj west of al Tabaqa in the Raqqa countryside.” Since this is a village nearby, it could indicate that Russia was operating in the area. Al Raqqa Truth blamed Russia for the Dibsi Afnan event.

However, Ahmad al Shibli and Mohab Nasser said that the regime was responsible for the two men’s deaths. Al A’maq also blamed the regime, while Mohab Nasser published graphic images from the A’maq video which he said depicted casualties and destruction caused by regime barrel bombs.

Sources described that cluster bombs, barrel bombs and vacuum missiles were used in the strikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Abdallah al Ibrahim al Jarrah
Age unknown male killed
Abdallah al Ali al Mahmoud
Age unknown male killed
8 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Democratic Forces

Sources (31) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (19) [ collapse]

  • Abdallah al Ibrahim al Jarrah, killed in an airstrike on Dibsi Afnan, May 9th (via Al Ragga truth, who blamed Russia)
  • An explosion on the streets on Tabaqah following suspected Coalition or Russian attacks, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • A burnt out vehicle in Tabaqah, the impact of alleged Coaltion or Russian strikes, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A video still of injured civilians in Tabaqah reveals the human cost of alleged Coalition or Russian airstrikes, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A video still of injured civilians in Tabaqah reveals the human cost of alleged Coalition or Russian airstrikes, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian child is treated for injuries sustained in alleged Coalition or Russian attacks on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Local people tend to the injured in Tabaqah, the impact of alleged Russian or Coalition shelling, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian killed in alleged Coalition or Russian attacks on Tabaqah lies face down in the street, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • A local man reports on the aftermath of alleged airstrikes on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian male lays eith injured or dead on the floor following alleged airstrikes on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A small child rests after sustaining injuries in alleged airstrikes on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian is treated for injuries of the foot following suspecte Russian or Coalition airstrikes on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • A civilian laid in bed, wrapped in blankets, following the alleged Russian or Coalition airstrikes on Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • Vehicles on the street in Tabaqah - the material impact of alleged Russian or Coalition strikes, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Further images of injuries in Tabaqah following the suspected Russian or Coalition airstrikes carried out May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • A street full of rubble in Tabaqah shows the material cost of alleged airstrikes, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • The photograph shows a helicopter in a cloudy sky above Tabaqah, May 8th (via Mohab Nasser) [Originally A'maq video - accessed via Airwars archive]
  • Abu Zakaria Al-Issa, killed in an airstrike on Dibsi Afnan, May 9th 2017. (via Mohab Nasser)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near Dibsi Afnan, Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    100 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SDV291638
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Jan 25, 2018
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area that correspond to the report of civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For May 7th-8th, the Coalition reported: “Near Tabqah, 15 strikes engaged seven ISIS tactical units and destroyed eight fighting positions and a vehicle.” It later added that “Additionally, two strikes were conducted in Syria on May 7th that closed within the last 24 hours. Near Tabqah, Syria, two strikes engaged two ISIS tactical units and destroyed a fighting position.”
For May 8th-9th it stated: “Near Tabqah, eight strikes engaged seven ISIS tactical units and destroyed five fighting positions.” It later added that “Additionally, four strikes were conducted in Syria on May 8 that closed within the last 24 hours. Near Tabqah, Syria, four strikes engaged an ISIS tactical unit; destroyed a fighting position and a mortar system; and damaged an ISIS supply route.”

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Democratic Forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Democratic Forces
  • Syrian Democratic Forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Democratic Forces

Sources (31) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2220

Incident date

May 8, 2017

Location

كفر زيتا, Kafr Zita, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.374143, 36.601896 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A young man was killed in Kafr Zita, however there is confusion as to how he died.

VDC reported that he was victim of Russian troops, and they listed him as from Kafr Zita, but do not specify where he was killed. 

There are no reports of others civilian casualties or wounded.

Other sources reported that he died due to injuries obtained during combat fighting from a few days previously. Images published show him holding an AK-47, and another shows him taking a selfie with ground artillery being fired.

It is unclear how he died, where he died, or whether or not he was a militant.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 1
  • (0–1 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Amjad Karmo Arafat, allegedly killed by Russian troops, Kafr Zita, 7th May 2017. (via Anas Abo Abdallah)
  • Amjad Karmo Arafat, allegedly killed by Russian troops, Kafr Zita, 7th May 2017. (via Kafar zeita nasma)
  • Amjad Karmo Arafat, allegedly killed by Russian troops, Kafr Zita, 7th May 2017. (via Kafar zeita nasma)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 1
  • (0–1 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS783 RS2219

Incident date

May 8, 2017

Location

دبسي فرج, Dibsi Faraj, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.91617, 38.23002 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian died and four more were wounded in an airstrike on Dibsi Faraj village, local sources said – though reports were conflicted as to whether the Coalition, Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame.

The journalist Ahmad al Shibl reported the Coalition had been “targeting the main road between Dibsi Faraj and Dibsi Afnan”. He named one victim of a Coalition raid. The man was also named by Al Raqqa Truth, which instead blamed Russia. Mohab Nasser also reported Russian strikes on the village but later said that the regime was responsible for the civilians death.

According to the Step News Agency, “three children and a woman were injured lightly in Russian raids using cluster bombs on the edges of Dibsi Faraj west of al Tabaqa in the Raqqa countryside.” The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that the victim died at the hands of the regime, and Aleppo24 blamed shelling by regime helicopters.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ibrahim Abdel Hanan
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Abdel Hanan al Ahmad al Faraj was killed in an airstrike on Dibsi Al Faraj on May 8th 2017. (via Al Ragga Truth)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near Dibsi Faraj, Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    100 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SDV305749
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Jan 25, 2018
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area that correspond to the report of civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For May 7th-8th, the Coalition reported: “Near Tabqah, 15 strikes engaged seven ISIS tactical units and destroyed eight fighting positions and a vehicle.” It later added that “Additionally, two strikes were conducted in Syria on May 7th that closed within the last 24 hours. Near Tabqah, Syria, two strikes engaged two ISIS tactical units and destroyed a fighting position.”
For May 8th-9th it stated: “Near Tabqah, eight strikes engaged seven ISIS tactical units and destroyed five fighting positions.” It later added that “Additionally, four strikes were conducted in Syria on May 8 that closed within the last 24 hours. Near Tabqah, Syria, four strikes engaged an ISIS tactical unit; destroyed a fighting position and a mortar system; and damaged an ISIS supply route.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2216

Incident date

May 7, 2017

Location

الطيبة, Tayba, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

35.08895, 38.91597 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source reported that a child and two other civilians were killed, and two members of ISIS were wounded, following an airstrike on Tayba. 

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2217

Incident date

May 7, 2017

Location

الكناوية, Al-Kinawiya, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.97626, 37.876725 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Twelve civilians were killed, and others were wounded, following an airstrike which targeted a residential neighbourhood in Al-Kinawiya, Aleppo, according to reports from the ground. All sources blamed Russian warplanes for the raid.

According to sources, women and children were killed. Additionally, a local source, @majd12347651, reported that the civilians were internally displaced persons. 

Homes were reportedly flattened in the raids.

There are no other details at this time.

The incident occured after midnight.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    12
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian killed in airstrikes on Al-Kinawiya, 7th May 2017. (via Ahmad al Shibli)
  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Al-Kinawiya, 7th May 2017. (via Ahmad al Shibli)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    12
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2214

Incident date

May 5, 2017

Location

شنداخيان جنوبي, Shandakhiyat Janoubi, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.770278, 37.392397 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In this single-source event, an alleged Russian airstrike killed four civilians, including one woman, and seriously wounded another three in Shandakhiyat Janoubi, Homs, Smart News Agency reported.

Smart News added that the wounded were taken to hospitals in Deir Ezzor, which at the time was controlled by ISIS.

There are currently no further details available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2215

Incident date

May 5, 2017

Location

الطيبة, al-Tayba, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

35.08895, 38.91597 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In this single source event, an aircraft “likely to be Russian”, carried out airstrikes in the vicinity of al-Taybeh village, Homs, killing two civilians and wounded another three, Smart News Agency reported.

There are currently no further details available.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3427

Incident date

May 5, 2017

Location

مخيم اليرموك, Al Yarmouk Refugee Camp, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.473938, 36.300631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The bodies of 20 civilians, including women and children, were recovered in Yarmouk refugee camp south of Damascus who were allegedly killed in airstrikes on May 5th 2018. It is unclear who was responsible for the airstrikes. Smart News accused both the Syrian regime and Russian forces of the civilian harm.

Masri News reported that “the residents found 20 bodies of civilians who got killed in previous bombing by the Syrian regime in two separate graves in Yarmouk camp and Al Hajar Al Aswad. ”

According to Smart, “Local activists said on the pages of social networking sites that the forces of the regime and Russia targeted a building where about 25 civilians were hiding, including children, causing the death and wounding of a number of them, without specifying the numbers. Wounded bodies are still under the rubble.”

Smart also said that artillery was also used in bombing Al Yarmouk camp area.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    20 – 25
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    20 – 25
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]