Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS278

Incident date

March 16, 2018

Location

عفرين, Afrin hospital, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.509672, 36.858106 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between nine and 16 civilians died in alleged Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital, according to local media.

Pesmerge chali put the death toll and nine, while Rumaf and other sources said that 16 civilians died – reportedly “mostly children and women”.

According to the source Aldar xelil: Avrin Hospital was the only medical facility in service. It has been hit by 3 missiles. 15 bodies have been identified, and many more are scattered all over the place.

The BBC reported on the event, quoting an Afrin resident, ‘Ranya’: “At night there were air strikes targeting Afrin hospital. There were a lot of victims there and due to the intensive shelling people cannot go to get the bodies. Some bodies are still there on the street.”

Turkey denied carrying out the strikes on the hospital. In response, the SDF issued a statement accusing “Turkish media [of] hiding the massacres the invading Turkish state has committed against the people”. ANF reported on the SDF press release, as follows:

“The Avrin Hospital was bombed by invading Turkish state fighter jets on March 16, 2018. Dozens of civilians were martyred and killed in the bombing, and the hospital where thousands of civilians receive treatment was greatly damaged.

After the bombing, the Turkish state’s official news agency the Anadolu Agency published a video that shows a building close to the hospital. With this footage they had published, the Turkish state wants to hide the fact that they bombed a hospital with fighter jets.

We declare to the public that the Avrin Hospital has been bombed by Turkish jet fighters and that the building in the footage the Turkish state had published is not the hospital building.

The bombing of the hospital has been documented with photographs and videos”.

Sana, the regime’s official media, put the death toll at 16 with “dozens” more injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 16
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • An image reveals the destruction of the building that followed alleged Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital. (Source: SDF Press)
  • Another image reveals the destruction of the building that followed alleged Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital. (Source: SDF Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows some injured civilians in the medical care followed Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital (Source: @AzadiRojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows some injured civilians in the medical care followed Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital (Source: @AzadiRojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows many civilians dead bodies on the flour, killed followed Turkish airstrike on Afrin hospital, Afrin (Source: @AzadiRojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a man, killed followed Turkish airstrike on Afrin hospital, Afrin (Source: @AzadiRojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows an injured child followed Turkish airstrikes on Afrin hospital (Source: @AzadiRojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A video shows dead, and injured civilians followed the alleged Turkish airstrike on the Kurdish town of Afrin in northern Syria (sources : CNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The hospital in the aftermath of the Turkish raid. (via Aylina Kilic)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 16
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS279

Incident date

March 17, 2018

Location

محمودية, Mahmoudiya neighbourhood, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.518056, 36.845278 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 11 and 13 civilians died in an alleged Turkish airstrike on a convoy of cars in the Mahmoudiya neighbourhood of Afrin, according to local media.

IC Afrin reported that two vehicles were hit with dozens of people on the road out of Afrin to Tirinde village. The people were attempting to flee the area towards Shehba Canton.

The source went on to add: In the Mahmoudiye neighbourhood of Afrin city a howitzer of the Turkish army hit a tractor which was full of civilians. The numbers of killed civilians are at least 13. Their bodies were completely burned. Only one child survived injured.

ANF said that a tractor and another vehicle were struck, reporting that dozens of civilians including children were killed.

Massoud Mohammed put the death toll slightly lower, at 11 civilians.

Afrin now on Facebook identified a woman and her husband and indicated that their son disappeared. Also, another victim was identified.

The source Efrin Dile Kurdistane also reported the death of Shahnaz Rasho, though it reported her killed on March 16th, while all other sources point to this event in the Mahmoudiya neighbourhood occurring on March 17th. Consequently, there is the possibility that she is one of the 47 killed (the general figure was given by Hawar news) on March 16th.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Adult female via Afrin now on Facebook killed
Adult male via Afrin now on Facebook killed

The victims were named as:

Child male via Afrin now on Facebook killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • An image reveals the destruction that followed a strike targeted a convoy of cars in the Mahmoudiya neighbourhood of Afrin (source: Hawar news)
  • A picture of Reber Aliko, killed in an alleged Turkish strike on in the Mahmoudiya neighbourhood of Afrin (source: Afrin now)
  • A picture of Shahnaz Rasho, killed with her husband in an alleged Turkish strike on in the Mahmoudiya neighbourhood of Afrin (source: Afrin now)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11 – 13
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS280

Incident date

March 17, 2018

Location

باسوطة, Basouta road, south of Afrin city, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.479597, 36.872937 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Subdistrict level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to a single source, one male has been killed followed Turkish shelling of Basouta road, Afrin.

The source identified the victim name as Azad. The tweet embedded two images of the father standing over his dead son’s body following an alleged Turkish shelling of Basouta road.

However, it is unclear when the victim died – and he could have been one of the victims killed on March 16th.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Azad
Child killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture of a man standing near his son (Azad) who allegedly killed followed Turkish shelling on Basouta road (Source: @mutludc‏)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture of Azad, who allegedly killed followed Turkish shelling on Basouta road (source: @mutludc‏)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the subdistrict of Basouta road, south of Afrin city (باسوطة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.479597, 36.872937. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS281

Incident date

March 17, 2018

Location

عفرين, Afrin city, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.511389, 36.864167 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians died, and several more were wounded in an alleged Turkish bombing of Afrin city, local media reported.

According to ANF, The invading Turkish army continued to massacre civilians on the 57th day of the attacks against Afrin. A building in the city centre was bombed, trapping three civilians in the rubble.

One building in Afrin city centre fell down as a result of the bombing, while there are at least three civilians trapped under the rubble.

IC Afrin Resistance also reported that three civilians were missing under the rubble.

Adar Press, Brexwedanakurd and Xeber24 recorder the death toll at three with several more injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Afrin city (عفرين), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.511389, 36.864167. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS282

Incident date

March 17, 2018

Location

سري كانيه, Jindires, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.391667, 36.693056 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to ANF, hundreds of civilians were killed as a vehicle convoy carrying Turkish warplanes targeted the civilians who were escaping from invasion attacks on Saturday.

Locals say that the convoy was carrying more than 300 civilians and most of them were killed in the attack.

However, it should be noted that Jindires was already under Turkish control when this incident was reported. The event has therefore been discounted by Airwars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    300
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Jindires, Afrin ( سري كانيه), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.391667, 36.693056. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    300
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS1739a TS282a

Incident date

March 18, 2018

Location

تل حميس, Tal Hamees, South of al Qamishli, Al Hassaka, Syria

Geolocation

36.754529, 41.398836 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple sources reported that Turkey carried out airstrikes on SDF positions in Tal Hamees, South of al Qamishli. However, other outlets also stated that this was not the case and that the US-led Coalition conducted strikes on homes which reportedly held family members of ISIS. However, no casualty estimates were given.

The Shaam News Network, citing activists, said that Turkish aircraft targeted the positions of the Syrian Democratic Forces in the area of Tal Hamis and at the Umm al-Russ station southeast of the city of Qamishli.

Syria al hadath added: Turkish planes targeted locations of the Kurdish units at the Umm al-Rouss station in the west of Tal Hamis, in the north-eastern countryside of Al-Hasakah.

Al Hasaka Youth Union Facebook page posted: Turkish aircraft target the positions of the militia PYD in the area Tel_hamis southeast of  Qamishli but later corrected themselves, stating that it was, in fact, a Coalition airstrike. The source also ambivalently reported that the strike targeted homes of Iraqi refugees with the claims that IS elements were present there.

Shaam Network also reported it as a Turkish airstrike while Baladi News blamed the Coalition. The source added that homes were targeted because there were claims that there were ISIS militants present.

Baladi said: Local sources from the region said that an aerial landing of the International Coalition, carried out by a helicopter accompanied by two other aircraft, on the area of agricultural projects, pointing out that it targeted two homes inhabited by two Iraqi families, who fled earlier to the region.

According to the sources, the operation was carried out at 2 am, followed by loudspeaker calls, saying that they were soldiers from the International Coalition, followed by intermittent firing.

Some sources said that a Turkish air strike targeted the area near the town of Tal Hamis – but these reports could not be verified.

According to Jisr TV, in the north-east of Hasaka, Coalition forces arrested a number of Iraqi refugees in the countryside of Tel Hamis, after the implementation of an aerial landing in the region.

Asia News provided some more detail, adding that three US helicopters carried out an aerial landing targeting a house between the villages of Kalou and al-Jaysi, 2 km south of Tal Hamis district in the south-eastern suburb of Qamishli.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tal Hamees, South of al Qamishli ( تل حميس), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.754529, 41.398836. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

There were no reported strikes conducted in Syria or Iraq on March 18, 2018.

UK Military
  • English
    /
    Original

Sunday 18 March – a Reaper killed two terrorists on a motorcycle in eastern Syria…On Sunday 18 March, a Reaper tracked a pair of terrorists on a motorcycle south-east of As Shadadi in eastern Syria. It became clear that they were operating as a mobile checkpoint in an attempt to exert control over the local area. The Reaper’s crew waited until the motorcycle was in open country, and despite its high speed, achieved a direct hit with a Hellfire which killed both of the Daesh extremists.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS283

Incident date

March 19, 2018

Location

كيمار, Kimar village, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.525000, 36.910278 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several sources claimed civilians casualties following alleged Turkish airstrikes or artillery shelling on Kimar village, Afrin – though specific numbers were not given.

Claudia, a Kurdish activist, tweeted: “Invaders warplanes are bombing the Kimar village amid intense clashes. We should expect a new massacre of civilians in this village.”

ANF added that “according to reports from the ground, Turkish invasion forces and allied gangs conducted artillery attacks against Basute and Kimara villages in Afrin’s Sherawa district.” ANF went on to add that a heavy bombardment with mortars and howitzers “killed several civilians.”

IC Afrin Resistance reported: “The mosque of Kimar village in Sherawa district has been attacked by Turkish army and related jihadist FSA groups. Civilians have been monitored and they have been attacked by drones belonging to the Turkish army.”

While Hawar reported that there might be martyrs and wounded civilians in the bombing, a later report said that casualties had been reported but did not give numbers.

It is not clear whether the civilians were killed followed the artillery shelling or the airstrike.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Kimar village, Afrin (كيمار), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.525000, 36.910278. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    0–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS284

Incident date

March 21, 2018

Location

بايعة, Ba'iya village, Shirawa district, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.6175, 36.936944 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to multiple local sources, two civilians died in an alleged Turkish shelling of Ba’iya village.

The SDF accused the Turkish occupation army of bombing the surrounding villages which resulted in the deaths of civilians in the village of Ba’iya.

Sources reported that “the Kurdish units destroyed a military vehicle of the Turkish army, stressing the killing of all of the Turkish soldiers inside, pointing out at the same time that the Turkish army shelled the vicinity of the villages mentioned, resulting in the deaths of a number of civilians in the village of Baia.”

According to IC Afrin Resistance, due to Turkish army’s artillery shelling at Beye village, Sherawa district, two civilians lost their lives.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Turkish Military, Turkish Military, Kurdish Forces

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Ba’iya village, Shirawa district, Afrin (بايعة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.6175, 36.936944. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Kurdish Forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Kurdish Forces
  • Kurdish Forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Turkish Military, Turkish Military, Kurdish Forces

Sources (6) [ collapse]