Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

CS220 RS824

Incident date

May 31, 2016

Location

منبج, Manbij, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.52691, 37.95561 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Within 100m (via Coalition) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as 15 civilians including at least three children reportedly died in Coalition airstrikes in support of a major Kurdish ground offensive against Daesh near Manbij.

Citing the Syrian Observatory, Reuters noted that “U.S.-led air strikes in support of the ground operation [reportedly] killed 15 civilians including three children near Manbij in the past 24 hours.” SOHR said the dead came from two families.

According to the Local Civil Defence of Syria, “International Coalition warplanes targeted and destroyed the bridge of Aon Dadat village that connects between the cities of Jarablus and Manbej. The planes also targeted Hawatma village in Manbej city and 6 people from the same family were martyred.”

The Syrian Network also said that al-Hawatmah was hit, reporting that “Fixed-wing international coalition forces warplanes fired a missile that targeted residential houses in Al Hwatma neighborhood, which resulted in the killing of three individuals including a female child. Additionally, three others were wounded. Manbej city was under the control of ISIS on the day of the incident and it is now held by the Kurdish-majority Syrian Democratic Forces.

The Coalition claimed to be unaware of civilian casualty allegations when approached by the Independent. A spokesperson told the paper: “We will review any information we have about the incident, including information provided by third parties, such as the proximity of the location to CJTF air strikes, and any other relevant information presented,” a spokesperson for Operation Inherent Resolve said. If the information supporting the allegation is determined to be credible, we will then determine the next appropriate step.”

In a later report, the Syrian Network noted: “International coalition forces launched a number of airstrikes on Manbij city and its suburbs to assist Syrian Democratic Forces as it advanced against ISIS. Some of these strikes didn’t distinguish between civilians and fighters, while other airstrike didn’t respect the principle of proportionality.The international coalition airstrikes resulted in the killing [in total] of 38 civilians including 16 children and six women.”

On July 7th, 2017 the Coalition admitted responsibility for the incident, reporting: “May 31, 2016, near Manbij, Syria, via Airwars report: During a strike on an ISIS headquarters, it was assessed that eight civilians, who were not observed near the target during the engagement, were unintentionally killed.”

In July 2019, the Coalition provided Airwars with the location for this incident, accurate to within a 100 metre box.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Hussein Al Houran
Age unknown male killed
AbdulHai Al Houran
Age unknown male killed
Daughter of AbdulHai Houran
Child female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 15
  • (1–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    US-led Coalition
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Prior to the Coalition releasing the MGRS for this incident, Airwars had geolocated it to the nearest town at 36.5269242, 37.9559288

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Credible / Substantiated
    The investigation assessed that although all feasible precautions were taken and the decision to strike complied with the law of armed conflict, unintended civilian casualties regrettably occurred.
  • Given reason for civilian harm
    Unseen at time of engagement
    Airwars’ assessment of belligerent’s civilian casualty statement
  • Initial Airwars grading
    Confirmed
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    8
  • Stated location
    near Manbij, Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    100 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SDA065429
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Jul 7, 2017
  • May 31, 2016, near Manbij, Syria, via Airwars report: During a strike on an ISIS headquarters, it was assessed that eight civilians, who were not observed near the target during the engagement, were unintentionally killed.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

The Coalition reports for May 31st-June 1st 2016 that “Near Manbij, 18 strikes struck six separate ISIL tactical units, two ISIL headquarters, two ISIL logistics facilities, an ISIL assembly area, an ISIL weapons cache, and an ISIL training base and destroyed eight ISIL fighting positions, an ISIL headquarters, two ISIL vehicles, two ISIL mortar systems, an ISIL cave entrance, two ISIL communication towers, an ISIL artillery system, an ISIL ammunition storage facility, and six ISIL-used bridges and denied ISIL access to terrain.”

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8 – 15
  • (1–3 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    US-led Coalition
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS826

Incident date

May 31, 2016

Location

السخنة, As Sukhnah, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.8848748, 38.8711739 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source, LCCSY, reported that nine civilians were killed in Homs – “most of them in Russian airstrikes on Sukhnah city”.

No further details are presently known.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not publicly reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS825

Incident date

May 31, 2016

Location

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.255362, 37.087714 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

It was reported that up to ten civilians died in air raids on Kafr Hamra. The majority of sources linked the event to both Russian warplanes and regime helicopters.

LCCSY reported that one civilian died and others were injured following alleged Russian raids on the town.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that ‘warplanes’ carried out strikes on areas in the town, killing and injuring several civilians, though didn’t identify the aircraft. Further reports from Qasioun and a number of local tweets stated that Russian warplanes were involved.

Multiple other sources did not identify the planes, while others specifically cited ‘regime helicopters’ as the main actors in this event. In the SOHR report it states that there were 120 strikes in the Aleppo Province on this day from a combination of helicopter and warplanes.

In a tweet by ARNN, the identity of one of the dead – caused by ‘barbaric Russian warplanes shelling’ – was reported as Suleiman Ahmad Akhras.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Suleiman Ahmad Akhras
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 10
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–17
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)
  • The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)
  • The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)
  • The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)
  • The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)
  • The shelling which destroyed Kafr Hamra. (via Thiqa)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st,

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 10
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–17
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS823

Incident date

May 31, 2016

Location

كفرتخاريم, Kafr Takharim, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.1169382, 36.5147781 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Activists told the Shaam News Network that “Sukhoi 24 warplanes” carried out strikes on Kafr Takharim, killing two children and wounding other civilians. In a later news roundup it said that the aircraft were “believed to be Russian”. A number of other news reports, including from Qasioun News, also blamed Russia.

But the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the Assad regime, reporting that its warplanes fired missiles near a dispensary.

A Tweet by Abulghafour alleged that as many as six civilians were killed in strikes on the city.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • Warplanes shelling in Kafr Tkharim. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • White helmets look for surviours in Kafr Tkharim. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • Putting down the fire in residential buildings. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via Zakaria Nassani)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not publicly reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS822

Incident date

May 30, 2016

Location

الكوم, Al Kom, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

35.19224, 38.85746 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to multiple local sources, Russian or regime airstrikes took place in Al Kom near the ancient city of Palmyra – killing at least five non-combatants. .

The Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the regime, putting the death toll at seven non-combatants, including two women and two children. Al Jisr also blamed the regime.

The names of some of the dead were published by news4u which also noted that an entire family had died.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (1)

The Al Badewi family
Age unknown killed

The victims were named as:

Ahmad Al Fallaj
Age unknown male killed
Abdul-Aziz Al-Rafidan
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 7
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Translation: A masscare where 6 people killed in AL Kom, north of Sikhna, Homs. (via jisrtv)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 7
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS820

Incident date

May 30, 2016

Location

منظومة شام الإسعافية, Sham Aiding system Idlib, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.9248791, 36.6296947 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source, the Syrian Network for Human Rights, reported that “alleged Russian fixed-wing warplanes targeted the Sham Aiding system in Idlib city. As a result one civilian was killed and four vehicles belonging to Sham aiding system were damaged in addition to damages to the nearby buildings.”

AH Relief – which published pictures of destruction following an attack – made no mention of casualties but reported: “six ambulances of Sham aiding system were hit in the warplanes shelling yesterday. 2 of them are out of service now.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • translation: 6 ambulances of Sham aiding system were hit in the warplanes shelling yesterday. 2 of them are out of service now. (via ahfrelief)
  • Photo of the aftermath. (via SNHR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS821

Incident date

May 30, 2016

Location

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2179122, 37.1892357 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A child was among at least three civilians killed – with others injured – in two alleged Russian airstrikes or regime artillery or helicopter strikes on the Al Sakhour neighbourhood of Aleppo.

Shaam News Network published images from the neighborhoods of Al Sakhour and Tareeq al Bab following what it said were Russian strikes.

According to Akhbar Alaan 13 people were wounded and many civilians put in critical conditions due to maritime mines thrown from helicopters. A tweet by RevolutionSyria put the number of wounded at 15. The highest claim of civilian deaths came from Al Jazeera which reported 18 killed in alleged Russian strikes on Al Sakhour and Tareek Al Bab neighbourhoods in Aleppo city.

Names of civilians that died in the alleged strikes were reported by the Syrian Human Rights Committee

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Zakaria Al-Jamili
Age unknown male killed
Abdullah Al-Jamili
Age unknown male killed
Alyan Al-Hassan
70 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 18
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–18
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (17) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets rescue victims from the rubble in Al-Sakhour raids allegedly by Russian warplanes. (via Tweet by AMC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded child is rescued after alleged Russian strikes took place on the Al Sakhour neighbourhood, May 30th (via Zaman Masdar)
  • Images of architectural destruction and human life lost after Russian warplanes targeted the Al Sakhour and Tareeq al bab neighbourhoods in Aleppo. (via Shaam News Network facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    White Helmet: 3 martyrs and 3 were wounded in warplanes shelling in Al Sakhour. (via Buraq)
  • The White Helmets rescue victims from the rubble in Al-Sakhour raids allegedly by Russian warplanes. (via Tweet by AMC)
  • The White Helmets rescue victims from the rubble in Al-Sakhour raids allegedly by Russian warplanes. (via Tweet by AMC)
  • The White Helmets rescue victims from the rubble in Al-Sakhour raids allegedly by Russian warplanes. (via Tweet by AMC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A female child martyrs in Al Sakhour due to bombardment. (via Zedhamod)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photos from al Sakhour neighbour and Tareeq al bab in Aleppo city after suspected Russian warplanes targeted them with air raids. (via SNN)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 18
  • (1 child1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–18
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS818

Incident date

May 30, 2016

Location

اللطامنة, Ltamenah, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3219885, 36.6234398 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Numerous sources including LCCSY and Baladi News reported that civilians had been wounded in an alleged Russian or regime strike on farms around Ltamenah city. 

LCCSY and the Damascus Coordination Committee blamed Russia, while Radio Al Kul said the regime was responsible. All other sources only cited unidientified ‘warplane strikes.’

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]