Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

April 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3387

LOCATION

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

A child was among two civilians killed in airstrikes on a vegetable market in the city of Ariha, local sources reported. Majd Mohi al-Din, the son of the Hassan Mohiuddin, died several days after sustaining serious injuries in the attack. At least seven other civilians were wounded including four in a serious condition, according to

Summary

First published
April 3, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
7–8
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3389

LOCATION

السكرية, Al Sukariya, Idlib, Syria

A woman and her son were killed in the village of Al Sukariya in Idlib province during alleged Russian and Syrian airstrikes, local media reported. The strikes included cluster bombs according to Step News. Several civilians were reported wounded.

Summary

First published
April 3, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

April 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3388

LOCATION

كورين, Koreen, Idlib, Syria

At least three civilians, including a child, died in the town of Koreen as a result of reported airstrikes by Russian and Syrian forces on April 3rd, 2018 according to local sources. Smart News said four members of the same family were killed while two others were injured. “Four civilians from one family were killed

Summary

First published
April 3, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

April 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3390

LOCATION

مناطق متعددة في أدلب, Various locations Idlib: Urma Al Jouz, Jisir Al Shughur, Al -Gassania , Halwaz, Al Mastuma, Al Bara, Al Naqir, Idlib, Syria

Intensive air raids reportedly wounded several civilians in cities and villages across Idlib. Both Russian and Syrian warplanes were reported to be responsible for striking Urma Al Jouz , Jisir Al-Shughur, Al-Ghassania, Halwaz, Al-Mastuma, Al-Bara and Al-Naqir. Harash was targeted by a long-range missile. Convoys containing displaced individuals from cities across Syria are often bombarded

Summary

First published
April 3, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3382

LOCATION

خان شيخون, Khan Sheikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Warplanes launched an attack on agricultural areas near the city of Khan Sheikhoun in Idlib province, local sources reported. Most reports cited the sole involvement of Russian forces, however, Idlib24 said both Russian and Syrian planes were in the area. No specific casualty figures were given for Khan Sheikhoun, though according to the Smart News

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3386

LOCATION

قرية جوزيف, Joseph Village, Idlib, Syria

A woman was killed and several other civilians were wounded in an alleged Russian airstrike on the town of Joseph in the Idlib countryside, local sources reported. A high-explosive missile hit the outskirts of the town wounding the woman. She was rushed to hospital by civil defense teams but died upon arrival. Several civilians were

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3385

LOCATION

معرة حرمة, Ma’ret Harma, Idlib, Syria

According to Shaam, “Russian aircraft launched heavy air strikes caused the fall of martyrs and wounded in the cities and towns of Ariha and Khan Sheikoun and Urma Al Jouz and Al  Qanba and Kafr Lata and Hazarin and Hamdiyah and Ma’aret Horma in the southern countryside and the city of Jisr al-Shughour in the

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3380

LOCATION

جسر الشغور, Jisr Al Shougur, Idlib, Syria

Several missiles fell on the city of Jisr Al Shougur in Idlib province, wounding two civilians, according to Smart News. The news agency attributed the strike to Russian forces, however, Idlib24 reported said Syrian planes were also involved.

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3379

LOCATION

الحامدية, Al Hamdiya, Idlib, Syria

Russian warplanes allegedly launched several air raids on the village of Al Hamdiya in Idlib province, according to local sources. Step News said civilians were injured in the attack.

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3383

LOCATION

القنبة, Al Qanba, Idlib, Syria

Shaam reported: “Russian aircraft launched heavy air strikes resulting in the fall of martyrs and wounded in the cities and towns of Ariha and Khan Sheikoun and Urma Al Jouz and Al Qanba and Kafr Lata and Hazarin and Hamdiyah and Ma’aret Horma in the the southern countryside and the city of Jisr al-Shughour in

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3377

LOCATION

التلاتا, Al Talata, Idlib, Syria

Russian aircraft allegedly launched several air raids on the village of Al Talata, local media reported. According to Step,” Russian aircraft launched several air raids targeting the city of Jericho and the towns of Talat and Urm al-Joz in the countryside # Idlib, resulting in the  a number of dead and wounded.” The source didn’t

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 2
Civilians reported injured
0–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

April 1, 2018

Incident Code

RS3376

LOCATION

أريحا, Ariha, Idlib, Syria

Several air raids on the town of Ariha in Idlib province killed up to 12 civilians and injured many others, according to local sources. Missiles “dismantled” the Al-Ameen Medical Complex at around 11am, wounding two medical staff and damaging five emergency vehicles, Baladi News reported. The hospital provided primary health care, a dialysis center and

Summary

First published
April 1, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
Healthcare facility
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 12
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3375

LOCATION

الحمرا, Al Hamra, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Hamra. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. @JENdKRNgtkxLE7i reported two raids on Al Hamra, but made no mention of civilian

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3374

LOCATION

جسر بيت الراس, Jisr Beat Al Ras, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Jisr Beat Al Ras. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. @JENdKRNgtkxLE7i noted two raids on Jisr Beat Al Ras, but neither

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3373

LOCATION

الشريعة, Al Shari’a, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Shari’a. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. @JENdKRNgtkxLE7i reported that “Russian warplanes targeted a number of bridges in Sahel Al-Ghab.

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3372

LOCATION

التوينة, Al-Tuwayna, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al-Tuwayna. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. @JENdKRNgtkxLE7i reported that “Russian warplanes targeted a number of bridges in Sahel Al-Ghab. They

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3371

LOCATION

الزيارة, Al Ziyara, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Ziyara. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. @JENdKRNgtkxLE7i  also reported Russian airstrikes “with missiles” in Al Ziyara, but did not

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3370

LOCATION

الصخر, Al Sakher, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Sakher. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians.  

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3369

LOCATION

الزكاة, Al Zakat, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Zakat. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. Idlib Plus tweeted: “Russian warplanes targeted the village of Zakat in Hama countryside,

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3368

LOCATION

مورك, Mourek, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Mourek. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. Two other sources mentioned strikes by the regime and Russia, but made no mention

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3367

LOCATION

اللطامنة, Al Lataminah, Hama, Syria

According to a single source, the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried out heavy air raids accompanied by heavy shelling and shelling on the towns and villages” including Al Lataminah. The strikes reportedly led to an unspecified number of injuries among civilians. RFS Media reported that the “Syrian regime forces targeted  the city of Al

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3366

LOCATION

كفر زيتا, Kafar Zeita, Hama, Syria

Alleged Russian and regime air and artillery strikes bombarded Kafar Zeita, multiple local sources said. @syria0891 reported “intense missile strikes”, while @SHHAMA2012 tweeted footage showing “four airstrikes, two rockets hitting the city from Camp Bridge and Halfaya, about 45 rockets – and bombing with cluster bombs”. According to the Shaam News network, “Russian warplanes carried

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3365

LOCATION

الزيادية, Al Zyadiya, Idlib, Syria

The Shaam News Network reported: “Russian and Regime warplanes launched dozens of very violent air raids on the cities and towns of Idlib, causing dozens of martyrs and wounded civilians…There were a number of wounded in Khan Shekhun, Mhambel,Al Naqir, Al habit, Mukah, Al Taman’a ,Al  Khwain and Sefwhen in the southern countryside, Jisr al-Shaghoor,

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3364

LOCATION

جسر الشغور, Jisr Al Shougur, Idlib, Syria

An unspecified number of civilians were wounded in alleged Russian or regime airstrikes on Jisr al-Shughour, according to a single source, the Shaam News Network. Most sources reported regime airstrikes on Jisr al-Shughour, noting “material damage” but no civilian harr. For example, @dored1pash said there had been “two air strikes targeting the city of Jisr

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3363

LOCATION

سفوهن, Sefohen, Idlib, Syria

@ramiswidfree reported: “An air strike by a warplane targeted the town of Sfohen in Jabal Shehshabo. The civil defense personnel immediately went to the location of the raid and worked to inspect the place. No civilian casualties were recorded and the material damage was limited.” However, the Shaam New Network said: “Russian and Regime warplanes

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3362

LOCATION

الخوين, Al Khwain, Idlib, Syria

A single source, the Shaam News Network, reported: “Russian and Regime warplanes launched dozens of very violent air raids on the cities and towns of Idlib, causing dozens of martyrs and wounded civilians…There were a number of wounded in Khan Shekhun, Mhambel, Al Naqir, Al Habit, Muka, Al Taman’a, Al  Khwain and Sefwhen in the

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3361

LOCATION

التمانعة, Al Taman'a, Idlib, Syria

A single source, the Shaam News Network, reported: “Russian and Regime warplanes launched dozens of very violent air raids on the cities and towns of Idlib, causing dozens of martyrs and wounded civilians…There were a number of wounded in Khan Shekhun, Mhambel, Al Naqir, Al Habit, Muka, Al Taman’a, Al  Khwain and Sefwhen in the

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3360

LOCATION

موقة, Mouka, Idlib, Syria

A single source, the Shaam News Network, reported: “Russian and Regime warplanes launched dozens of very violent air raids on the cities and towns of Idlib, causing dozens of martyrs and wounded civilians…There were a number of wounded in Khan Shekhun, Mhambel, Al Naqir, Al Habit, Muka, Al Taman’a, Al  Khwain and Sefwhen in the

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
October 17, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3359

LOCATION

الهبيط, Al Habit, Idlib, Syria

A single source, the Shaam News Network, reported: “Russian and Regime warplanes launched dozens of very violent air raids on the cities and towns of Idlib, causing dozens of martyrs and wounded civilians…There were a number of wounded in Khan Shekhun, Mhambel, Al Naqir, Al Habit, Muka, Al Taman’a, Al  Khwain and Sefwhen in the

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2018

Incident Code

RS3358

LOCATION

النقير, Al Naqir, Idlib, Syria

@SyriaTwitte reported “several air strikes with vacuum missiles targeting the outskirts of the town of Al-Dana and Al-Naqir in the Idlib countryside”. @SYR_REV_NEWS said that Russia carried out a strike, while @RFS_mediaoffice pointed to the regime. Only one source, the Shaam News Network (SNN), noted civilian harm. According to SNN, “Russian and Regime warplanes launched

Summary

First published
March 31, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident