Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1029

Incident date

July 22, 2016

Location

عقيربات, Akeirbat, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.0412099, 37.464692 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source, LCCSY, said that there were: “‪#‎Hama‬ martyrs and wounded reported due to targeting the township of ‪#‎Aqrabiyat‬ and the village of ‪#‎Soha‬ in the eastern suburbs with 5 Russian airstrikes.”

However, further research indicated that there were no civilian casualties in Akeirbat, but up to seven in Soha on July 22nd (see casualty event RS1030).

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between July 16th – 27th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3492

Incident date

June 29, 2018

Location

نوى, Nawa, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.89044, 36.0399 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes targeted the city of Nawa, Dara’a governorate, on June 29th, 2018, according to local sources. Possibly, civilians were injured and killed.

@abode125 tweeted that “Russian aviation targeted the city of Nawa and Tafas in the western countryside of Dara’a.” Step News posted a video of the damage after the airstrikes, showing destroyed buildings.

Shaam News Agency wrote that “the Russian military and Assad aircraft and helicopter gunships launched airstrikes with rockets and explosive barrels on the neighbourhoods of Daraa’ and on the towns and villages of Nawa, Tafas, Kahil, Sheikh Saad, Giza, Mseifra, Saida, Gharia, Gharbia and Sharqiya and Um Al Mayan, resulting in the deaths and injuries of civilians”, implying that civilians were possibly injured or killed in the strikes on Nawa.

Currently, further information is unavailable to Airwars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Footage of damage after the alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the city of Nawa on June 29th, 2018 (via Step News Agency).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3951

Incident date

July 24, 2019

Location

أم الصير, Um Al Sair, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to six civilians, including children, were reported injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Um Al Sair, Idlib governorate, on July 24th, 2019, according to local sources. A single source reported that the strikes led to a civilian death.

Edlib Media Center wrote that “three civilians wounded in raids by Russian occupation aircraft on the village of Umm al-Sair, south of Idlib.”

@abo_aljod84 tweeted: “Six civilians were wounded, most of them children, as a result of the Russian airstrikes on the village of Um Al Sair, south of Idlib.”

@MOHAMADJAPAS was the only source reporting one killed civilian in addition to an unknown number of injured civilians.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights wrote that “Russian warplanes targeted the village of Um Al Sair, south of Idlib, with several raids.” @saidalguraba reported that the village was targeted with missiles.

Other also sources alleged that civilians were wounded in the incident, but did not cite a figure.

Geiroon News gave a summary of the airstrikes on July 24th, writing that Russia and the Syrian regime targeted several cities and towns in Idlib governorate, but did not specify which belligerent was responsible for the strikes on Um Al Sair: “20 civilians, including three children and four women, were injured by the targeting of Russia and the regime by the cities and towns of Khan Sheikhan, Ma’arat Al Nu’man, Deir Al Sharqi and Um Al Sair in the southern countryside of Idlib. Jabal Al Arbaeen, Ma’sibin, Al Qasabiyah, Mar’and, Tannah and Khan Al Sabil, which resulted in the destruction of property and some vital centers.”

All other sources blamed Russia for the strikes on Um Al Sair.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Translation: “Six civilians were wounded, most of them children, as a result of the Russian air strikes on the village of Um Al Sair, south of Idlib” (via @abo_aljod84).
  • Translation: “Zaytoun Agency correspondent monitors the effects of destruction and devastation as a result of Russian airstrikes on the village of Um Al Sair in the southern countryside of Idlib” (via @ZaitunAgency).
  • Damaged children's bike among the rubble after alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Um Al Sair, July 24th, 2019 (via @ZaitunAgency).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Um Al Sair, July 24th, 2019 (via @ZaitunAgency).
  • Rubble after alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Um Al Sair, July 24th, 2019 (via @ZaitunAgency).

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3981

Incident date

July 30, 2019

Location

خان شيخون, Khan Sheikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that an unknown number of civilians were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes, which targeted residential neighbourhoods in the city of Khan Sheikhoun in Idlib countryside around 12:30 PM on July 30th, 2019.

Step Agency wrote that “the Russian air force targeted several airstrikes in Khan [Sheikhoun], Moka and Jbala villages in the southern countryside of Idlib, injuring a number of civilians.” Horrya also reported that civilians were injured in strikes on Khan Sheikhoun, Moka and Jbala, but did not specify a number.

@mohamadsalomala tweeted that around 12:30 PM, “an air strike by Russian warplanes targeted residential neighbourhoods in the city of Khan Sheikhoun.”

@syrian191124 reported “Attacks by a Su22 warplane with vacuum missiles targeting the Al Latamine area and the vicinity of Khan Sheikhoun.”

The incident occured at 12:30:00 local time.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4091

Incident date

August 28, 2019

Location

سراقب,, Saraqib, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.859101, 36.797731 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eight civilians were wounded, including a woman, in an alleged regime or Russian airstrike on a market in Saraqib on August 28, 2019, local media said.

According to Smart, “On August 28, 2019, eight civilians were injured when regime warplanes bombarded the city of Saraqeb near Idlib in northern Syria. A medical source in the city said that eight civilians were wounded as a result of the aerial bombardment. Local sources said that the regime warplanes were responsible for the bombing”.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported: “Syrian regime fixed- wing warplanes fired missiles on the local market in the middle of Saraqeb city in the eastern suburbs of Idlib governorate, severely damaging several shops and the market’s facilities, on August 28.”

A tweet by @NEDAAPOST reported ” 8 wounded, including a woman, by the bombing of “Saraqib”.

A video posted by @zamanalwsl shows the destruction caused by the strikes and White Helmets rescuing survivors from the rubble.

Sources were split as to who was responsible for the airstrikes, with tweets from @ala_hacioglu and @baladinetwork attributing the strikes to Russia while Syria TV blamed regime forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    8
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • "Syrian regime fixed- wing warplanes fired missiles on the local market in the middle of Saraqeb city in the eastern suburbs of Idlib governorate, severely damaging several shops and the market’s facilities, on August 28." (via SN4HR)
  • Caption translation: Two men were transporting an old man from the scene of an air strike carried out by regime warplanes on Wednesday, August 28, 2019, on the popular market in Saraqeb city, east of Idlib in the north of the country, which resulted in extensive destruction and the injury of eight civilians. (Images from Smart News)
  • Caption translation: Two men were transporting an old man from the scene of an air strike carried out by regime warplanes on Wednesday, August 28, 2019, on the popular market in Saraqeb city, east of Idlib in the north of the country, which resulted in extensive destruction and the injury of eight civilians. (Images from Smart News)
  • Caption translation: Two men were transporting an old man from the scene of an air strike carried out by regime warplanes on Wednesday, August 28, 2019, on the popular market in Saraqeb city, east of Idlib in the north of the country, which resulted in extensive destruction and the injury of eight civilians. (Images from Smart News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    8
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4126

Incident date

November 1, 2019

Location

بلدات متعددة, Several towns in Idlib, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

The Shaam News Network reported: “Russian warplanes launched airstrikes amid artillery and rocket shelling targeting villages and towns of Maarat Harma, Umm Jalal, Rakaya, Kafarsijnah, Hazarin, Sheikh Mustafa, Naqir, Dahabiya, Hish, Tahitaya, Musharrafa, Damama and Marand, which resulted in a number of civilian casualties.”

Further research did not find any civilian casualties in the cities mentioned. No other details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4158

Incident date

November 11, 2019

Location

معرتماتر, Ma’ar Tamater, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.5701294, 36.5509047 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Ma’ar Tamater, Idlib governorate, on November 11th, 2019, according to local sources.

Abad Zekra, director of the Civil Defence Force in Ma’arat Al Nouman, told Smart News Agency that alleged Russian air raids wounded a civilian, who was taken to a nearby medical point. Idlib Plus also reported alleged Russian air and artillery strikes on the village.

All of the sources that reported on the bombing of Ma’ar Tamater attributed the strikes to Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4192

Incident date

November 23, 2019

Location

كفرنبل , Kafrnabl, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to three civilians were reported killed and between three and ten others including at least one woman and one child were injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafar Nubul in Idlib, Syria on November 23rd 2019, according to local sources.

While SMART Agency, Syrian Civil Defense (SCD), IdlibPlus and Macro Media Center (MMC) reported that two civilians were killed, ShahbaPress raised the death toll to three. Also the Syrian Civil Defense (SCD) said three were injured, while IdlibPlus said the total number of injuries among civilians is ten.

Idlib Plus also said that “the bombing of the Russian warplanes, in several raids on the city of Kafranbel in the southern countryside of Idlib, killed two men and wounded seven others, including a family of two children, a man and a woman, in addition to the destruction of civilian houses.”

@media_idlib reported that two men were killed and three others were wounded in two raids carried out by Russian forces in the afternoon.

Step Agency reported that vacuum missiles were used in the raids that targeted the city, while Macro Media Center pointed that the attacks targeted residential areas. @AyhamSteif described that homes of the people of Kafr Nabl were destroyed and residential neighborhoods were “wiped off the face of the earth”.

The killed victims are all believed to be men, but no further details are currently available.

The majority of sources attributed the strikes to Russia.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (2–3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (27) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • Civil Defense after an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul
  • Destruction caused by an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul on November 23rd, 2019 (copyright Smart, published in the public interest')
  • Strikes on the city of Kafr Nabl on November 23, 2019. (Image posted by @zamanalwsl)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Child injured in Strikes on the city of Kafr Nabl on November 23, 2019. (Image posted by @Ahmad_1alshble)
  • Destruction caused by an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul on November 23rd, 2019 (Image posted by @AyhamSteif)
  • Destruction caused by an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul on November 23rd, 2019 (Image posted by @AyhamSteif)
  • Destruction caused by an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul on November 23rd, 2019 (Image posted by @AyhamSteif)
  • Destruction caused by an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafarnubul on November 23rd, 2019 (Image posted by @AyhamSteif)
  • White Helmets respond to an incident in Kafr Nabl on November 23, 2019. (Image posted by @media_idlib)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Child injured in Strikes on the city of Kafr Nabl on November 23, 2019. (Image posted by Mayar.alomar.33 via Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (2–3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (27) [ collapse]