Israeli Military in Syria & the Gaza Strip

A child uses his mobile device in the ruins of a building in Beit Lahia, Gaza Strip on May 26th 2021. © Mohamed Zaanoun

Belligerent
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

December 26, 2015

Incident Code

RS319 CS159

LOCATION

الرقة‎, Ar Raqqah, Raqqa, Syria

The IS-linked agency Al A’maq posted a video showing destruction in the city following reported airstrikes Local monitoring group Raqaa is Being Slaughtered suggested the attack may have been the work of the US-led Coalition: “Warplanes targeted with seven missiles on Friday night the area of February 23rd Street in Raqqa city center. This resulted in

Summary

First published
December 26, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, US-led Coalition
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

March 8, 2017

Incident Code

CS560

LOCATION

near Raqqah, Raqqa, Syria

In an event previously unknown to Airwars, the Coalition said that no civilians were harmed near Raqqa on March 9th. In its July 2017 casualty report the Coalition stated: “After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographic area that correspond to the report of civilian

Summary

First published
March 8, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Discounted
Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
View Incident

Incident date

October 15, 2015

Incident Code

RS044

LOCATION

تلبيسة, Talbisah, Homs, Syria

Five civilians were killed in a heavy airstrike on Talbiseh, according to reports. Most attributed the attack to Russia, though at least one local report said the strike was the work of Syrian regime aircraft.

Summary

First published
October 15, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5
(2 women4 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, Syrian Regime
Named victims
5 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 1, 2016

Incident Code

RS521

LOCATION

غرناطة, Garnata, Homs, Syria

One male child, Reda Waleed Othman, was named by the Violations Documentation Center as having been killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Garnata. The Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies also reported the death of Othman, stating that he was killed by “indiscriminate” Russian shelling.  

Summary

First published
February 1, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 15, 2019

Incident Code

CS1918

LOCATION

الشعفة, Al Shaafa, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Ali al-Muhammed al-Furaiji and his two wives were killed in the morning of April 15th, when their house was hit by an alleged Coalition airstrike, multiple local sources reported – though there was also a claim that the deaths had been caused by an explosion of an ISIS-planted mine. @alhasensaleem tweeted that “a whole family”

Summary

First published
April 15, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(2 women1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
US-led Coalition, ISIS
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

February 8, 2016

Incident Code

RS574

LOCATION

الغارية, Al Gariya, Daraa, Syria

One woman and one child were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al Gariya, according to the Violations Documentation Center. All4Syria and  Shams Houran reported that Russia had used cluster bombs on the town. A local video also reports that “el Gharbiyah was targeted by Russian warplanes for secind week running with vacuum and

Summary

First published
February 8, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child1 woman)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 31, 2019

Incident Code

CS1928

LOCATION

كفرجالس, Kafr Jalis, Idlib, Syria

In an airstrike confirmed by CENTCOM, US forces struck what it reported to be an Al-Qaeda command center in northern Idlib. Local sources reported that the US strike struck a military headquarters belonging to “Ansar Al-Tawhid” in the town of Kafr Nabil, but added that civilian houses were struck nearby as well, resulting in a

Summary

First published
August 31, 2019
Last updated
March 22, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
22 – 29
(6 children1 man)
Civilians reported injured
22
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
Suspected target
ISIS
Named victims
22 named
Belligerents reported killed
14–51
Belligerents reported injured
23
View Incident

Incident date

January 12, 2016

Incident Code

RS373

LOCATION

منبج, Manbij, Aleppo, Syria

Between seven and 25 civilians including three children and one woman were killed and 40-41 injured in airstrikes on Manbij, according to multiple sources. While four of the sources say that Russian forces carried out the attacks, a fifth blames the Assad regime. The Shaam News Network reported that 25 non-combatants were killed and “about 40

Summary

First published
January 12, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 25
(3 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
40–41
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 3, 2018

Incident Code

CS1823

LOCATION

الشعفة و, Al Sha'afa, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Multiple local sources named three children as killed and “many” more civilians wounded in an alleged Coalition air or artillery strike on Al Shaafa on November 3, 2018. Some sources reported that the airstrike targeted a house in a residential neighbourhood. Euphrates Post for example reported: “The killing of three children, the children of Imad

Summary

First published
November 3, 2018
Last updated
April 30, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(3 children)
Civilians reported injured
5–10
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

January 13, 2016

Incident Code

RS390

LOCATION

دير سنبل, Deir Sunbul, Hama, Syria

Four civilians including a father and his two sons were killed in an airstrike on Deir Sunbul, in what the VDC said was a Russian action. According to Syria News, “a source said it was the first time that Russian planes targeted the village, which led to a state of fear and terror among the

Summary

First published
January 13, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children2 men)
Civilians reported injured
4–6
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

December 5, 2018

Incident Code

CS1867

LOCATION

البوبدران, Al Soussa: Al Boubadran, Deir Ezzor, Syria

An alleged Coalition airstrike killed one named adult civilian male, according to sources on the ground. One source by the name of Sami Aleweti, who appears to have been a family member, reported that the man, Jassim al Attawi, was killed in a “barbaric bombardment” by a Coalition aircraft on the village of Al-Boubadran in

Summary

First published
December 5, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
Suspected target
ISIS
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 28, 2016

Incident Code

RS773

LOCATION

حي بستان القصر, Bustan al Qasr (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Up to 20 civilians including four children died in airstrikes on Bustam al Qasr, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime. The White Helmets initially reported that “more than 20 martyrs and dozens wounded as well as an entire residential

Summary

First published
April 28, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
9 – 20
(4 children1 man)
Civilians reported injured
10–30
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

March 1, 2020

Incident Code

RS4498

LOCATION

قسطون, Qastoun, Hama, Syria

Up to one civilian was reportedly injured due to alleged Russian airstrikes or artillery shells on the village of Qastoun in the Al-Ghab plain northwest of Hama on March 1st 2020 according to Local sources. A local source named “Smart news” initially reported that one civilian was injured due to Russian airstrikes on the village

Summary

First published
March 1, 2020
Last updated
March 1, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
0–1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

January 20, 2016

Incident Code

RS427

LOCATION

شقرة, Shaqra, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Between six and eight civilians were killed when Russian warplanes allegedly targeted a funeral following a previous airstrike on Shaqra on January 20th. Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that on the first incident in Shaqra on this day (listed above) in which “Fayez Al Shokan, five members of the Al Hayess family, Khaled

Summary

First published
January 20, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 8
Civilians reported injured
15
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 14, 2020

Incident Code

RS4525

LOCATION

بلدة الحمامة, Al Hamama, Idlib, Syria

Between two and four civilians were reported killed and between 13 and 15 civilians sustained injuries as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on the vicinity of the town of Al Hamama, west of Idlib on October 14, 2020. More specifically, a tweet from Halab Today TV mentioned that the Russian Air Forces attacked the

Summary

First published
October 14, 2020
Last updated
March 2, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 4
Civilians reported injured
13–15
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Suspected target
Other
Belligerents reported killed
4
Belligerents reported injured
2
View Incident

Incident date

July 1, 2016

Incident Code

RS964

LOCATION

حريتان, Hraytan, Aleppo, Syria

Heavy airstrikes on Hraytan – which local sources blamed on either Russian planes or Syrian regime helicopters – killed two named children. According to the Syrian Observatory the town was also attacked with artillery. One local source, Syrian Press Center, said that “Russia and the regime carried out 40 raids, and threw 30 explosive barrels,

Summary

First published
July 1, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 children)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

March 28, 2022

Incident Code

CS1980

LOCATION

ذيبان, Thiban, Deir Ezzor, Syria

At least one man was killed and another was arrested during a joint airdrop operation carried out by the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Coalition on March 28, 2022. Sources were conflicted as to whether the man killed was a militant or a civilian. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that Syrian Democratic Forces

Summary

First published
March 28, 2022
Last updated
April 30, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Counter-Terrorism Action (Ground)
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
(0–1 men)
Causes of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
Suspected target
ISIS
Geolocation
Town
Belligerents reported killed
0–1
View Incident

Incident date

February 16, 2016

Incident Code

RS624

LOCATION

الغنطو, Al Ghantu, Homs, Syria

One male child, was killed in Al Ghantu, according to local sources. However reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the regime were to blame, and most pointed towards Assad artillery. Only the Violations Documentation Center attributed the incident to Russia. Homs Media Center named the victim, though didn’t say who was responsible. Koooookeh11 tweeted:

Summary

First published
February 16, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian infrastructure
School
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

June 12, 2021

Incident Code

R4316 IRS008 YS105

LOCATION

عفرين, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

At least one civilian was killed and others were injured in alleged Syrian Democratic Forces or Russian airstrikes on agricultural lands in the outskirts of Afrin on June 12, 2021. According to Macro Media Center, “a civilian was killed and others were wounded as a result of the bombing of the PYD PKK gangs with missiles

Summary

First published
June 12, 2021
Last updated
June 15, 2023
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Democratic Forces, Iranian Military
Named victims
1 named
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
Belligerents reported killed
1
Belligerents reported injured
2
View Incident

Incident date

February 19, 2016

Incident Code

RS642

LOCATION

الشيخ عيسى, Sheikh Issa, Aleppo, Syria

Between four and seven civilians including three children and two women were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Sheikh Issa, according to a single source. The Syrian Network for Human Rights initially reported that “The children Ibrahim, Hussein, and Samer Amer Hameidi and their father died in suspected Russian warplanes shelling on Al Sheikh Eisa

Summary

First published
February 19, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 7
(3 children0–2 women1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
6 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

July 22, 2022

Incident Code

R4451

LOCATION

الموزرة, Al Mozra, Idlib, Syria

At least one civilian was injured in alleged Syrian regime or Russian shelling of the village of Al Mozra on July 22, 2022. The Syrian Civil Defense (@SyriaCivilDefe) tweeted that one civilian was wounded by artillery shelling by the Syrian regime and Russian forces on the village of Al Mozra. Various other sources, including the

Summary

First published
July 22, 2022
Last updated
July 25, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

January 26, 2016

Incident Code

RS466

LOCATION

تدمر, Palmyra, Homs, Syria

One adult male civilian was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Palmyra, according to the Violations Documentation Centre. No further details are currently available.  

Summary

First published
January 26, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 2, 2021

Incident Code

YS119

LOCATION

قرف مغار, Qerf Maghar, Aleppo, Syria

At least two girls were killed and three to four children were injured in alleged SDF shelling or unknown unexploded ordinances in the village of Qerf Maghar on November 2, 2021. Zaman Al Wasl reported that two girls were killed and four other children were seriously injured in an unknown explosion in the village of “Qerf

Summary

First published
November 2, 2021
Last updated
August 16, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 children)
Civilians reported injured
4
Causes of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Syrian Democratic Forces
View Incident

Incident date

July 4, 2016

Incident Code

RS969

LOCATION

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Reports said both Russian and Syrian regime warplanes caused destruction to Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, “before Iftar” (sunset) on July 4th, killing between four and seven civilians including two young girls. Multiple sources including Al Jazeera described the use of missiles, explosive barrels and cluster bombs, which caused destruction to the local community of not only

Summary

First published
July 4, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 7
(2 children2 men)
Civilians reported injured
5–16
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 27, 2019

Incident Code

YS077

LOCATION

اعزاز, Azaz, Aleppo, Syria

Three or four civilians including two women were reportedly wounded by alleged YPG artillery attacks in southern neighbourhoods of Azaz city, Aleppo governorate, on November 27th, 2019, according to local sources. The Euphrates Post reported that “the YPG targeted the southern neighbourhoods of Azaz with more than six rocket-propelled grenades shortly before, wounding three civilians”. @ShahbaPress

Summary

First published
November 27, 2019
Last updated
August 25, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3–4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
YPG
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 28, 2016

Incident Code

RS775

LOCATION

حي السكري, Sukkari (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

In a summary of Russian raids carried out on April 28th, LCCSY  said six civilians had died in two strikes on Sukkari. But the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the regime, putting the death toll at three. Al-Buraq Media institution also blamed the regime, and said 6 had died in Al-Sukkari. Shaam News Network referred to

Summary

First published
April 28, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 6
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

August 13, 2022

Incident Code

R4457

LOCATION

معارة النعسان,, Maret Al Nassan, Idlib, Syria

A seven-year old boy, Mohammed Abdel Kafi, also referred to as Zain Abdul Kafi Al-Masli, was injured by a shrapnel from artillery fire while playing next to his home in Ma’arat Al Nassan, east of Idlib on August 13th 2022. According to @hafeztaraman, the incident occured in the evening before the Maghrib call to prayer.

Summary

First published
August 13, 2022
Last updated
August 31, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 30, 2016

Incident Code

RS511

LOCATION

تل رفعت, Tall Rif`at, Aleppo, Syria

One 45-year-old adult male civilian was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Tel Rifa’at, according to the Violations Documentation Center. A video report from Shaam News shows major destruction of civilian property in the town. According to the reporter “Tel Rifa’at is being exposed to a violent string of attacks. It was hit this

Summary

First published
January 30, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
9
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 11, 2019

Incident Code

CS1898

LOCATION

الباغوز, Al Baghouz, Deir Ezzor, Syria

In the final stages of the fight against ISIS in its last territorial stronghold, four civilians were alleged killed as a result of shelling by the International Coalition on houses in the outskirts of the town of Al-Baghouz in the eastern suburb of Deir Ezzor on the morning of February 11th. According to Euphrates Post

Summary

First published
February 11, 2019
Last updated
September 28, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children2 women4 men)
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
View Incident

Incident date

February 26, 2016

Incident Code

RS676

LOCATION

خان الشيح‬, Khan al Sheikh, Damascus, Syria

Several civilians died and up to 20 were injured in Khan al Sheikh according to local sources – though only one explicitly blamed Russia, with the majority of others pointing to regime shelling. According to Qasioun, one civilian died in regime shelling. Smart, Orient and Khan Al Sheikh Media Centre blamed the regime, with Smart

Summary

First published
February 26, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
2–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named
View Incident