All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

June 7, 2019

Incident Code

LC149

LOCATION

معيتيقة, Tripoli: Mitiga International Airport, Tarabulus, Libya

A child was reported killed in an alleged LNA airstrike that struck Mitiga airport in Tripoli. According to the local source Libya Post, the child’s mother sustained injuries to her neck and face while the father was wounded in the back. The child’s brother sustained minor injuries as well. No other details are known at

Summary

First published
June 7, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 12, 2019

Incident Code

LC137a

LOCATION

الجفينة, Al Jafina, Tarabulus, Libya

One woman was reportedly killed and her two children injured by LNA shelling on Tripoli. Riyadh Burshan said two civilians were injured in the incident. Al Jazeera posted on Twitter: “A woman and her two children were injured when shells fell on Al-Jafina neighborhood southeast of Tajoura, east of the Libyan capital.” Libya Alahrar published

Summary

First published
May 12, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
(0–1 women)
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

September 2, 2019

Incident Code

LC189

LOCATION

وادي الربيع, Wadi al Rabie, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by a GNA airstrike on Wadi al Rabie. Khamis Mahmoud reported: “Martyrdom, God willing, of the director of the river company headquarters of Wadi al Rabie engineer Abdul Hamid Al-Furawi because of a missile.” Libya Alahrar TV said that the GNA had confirmed strikes in the area but did not

Summary

First published
September 2, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 23, 2019

Incident Code

LC123

LOCATION

طرابلس‎, Tripoli: Airport, Tarabulus, Libya

One man was reportedly killed by indiscriminate artillery shelling in Tripoli. Radaa.abuslim said the Sudanese man died when a shell fell on his home hitting him in his bed. He was apparently working as a guard at a construction site near Tripoli Airport where the body was found. Tripoli Now published a similar report: “Only

Summary

First published
April 23, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

May 11, 2015

Incident Code

LC017

LOCATION

طبرق, Tobruk, Al Butnan, Libya

According to international and local sources, a Turkish ship was hit by both airstrikes and artillery shelling from the LNA. A deputy captain was reportedly killed in the attack, and another crew member injured. The incident took place 16km off the coast from Tobruk on the way to Derna. Al Jazeera quoted the second captain

Summary

First published
May 11, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 7, 2019

Incident Code

LC106

LOCATION

وادي الربيع, Wadi al Rabie, Tarabulus, Libya

The doctor Jumua Ghouma was reported killed from indiscriminate shelling on Tajoura. The Times reported: “Another doctor, Jumua Ghouma, was killed while off-duty when a shell fell on his house.” Abdulrahman Ghummied said his home was in the Wadi al Rabie area of Tajoura. Khaled Sherif posted that he was the head of the laboratory

Summary

First published
April 7, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 15, 2019

Incident Code

LC182

LOCATION

مطار معيتيقة, Mitiga International Airport, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed in an LNA artillery strike on Mitiga Airport in Tripoli. Akhbar Libya wrote that “one person is reported to have been killed by shells at Mitiga airport.” Libya Alahrar TV reported: “Security source to Al Ahrar: one person killed and another injured by the targeting of Mitiga International Airport with

Summary

First published
August 15, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1–3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 16, 2019

Incident Code

LC117

LOCATION

محطة وقود البوعيشي, Al Buashi gas station, Tarabulus, Libya

An elder woman was reported killed and between one and four civilians injured from indiscriminate artillery shelling on Ain Zara. Aksa Net posted a video with a man claiming the death of the woman. Riyadh Burshan said one woman was injured and posted images of the site of the incident. Tk yhrog kl shy2 wrote:

Summary

First published
April 16, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
1–4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

August 27, 2018

Incident Code

LC084

LOCATION

صلاح الدين, Salaheddin, Tarabulus, Libya

A single source, Amr Fathalla, reported on Twitter that one civilian was killed in artillery shelling in the Salaheddin neighbourhood of Tripoli. @AmrFatihalla listed Amer Faraj Ahmed, 60 years old, as dead as a result of indiscriminate shelling. In addition, Malik Amer Faraj, 18 years old, Saleh Ali al Fiel, 53 years old, and Juma

Summary

First published
August 27, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, 7th Brigade
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 14, 2017

Incident Code

LC068

LOCATION

درنة الفتايح, Al Fatayah, Darnah, Libya

The LNA reportedly bombed in the Al-Fatayih neighbourhood in Derna near the Faculty of Agriculture, resulting in the death of one six-month-old child. According to Libya Al Khabar, “A child from the eastern Libyan city of Derna died on Friday [April 14th] after falling into a coma after an airstrike close to his family’s home”. Libya

Summary

First published
April 14, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 5, 2015

Incident Code

LC016

LOCATION

درنة, Darnah, Libya

One child died in an alleged LNA airstrike on Darnah, according to local media. The Libya Observer reported: “A baby from the Al-Harir family was killed in a dignity operation airstrike in Darnah. The airstrike targeted the Shabia apartment buildings causing extensive damage to Musa Al-Harir’s apartment and destroying cars parked on the street below.”

Summary

First published
May 5, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 17, 2019

Incident Code

LC103

LOCATION

مرزق, Murzuq, Libya

One man was reportedly killed and two children injured in an LNA airstrike on Murzuq. Arraed wrote: “A source from Murzuq hospital on Sunday reported the arrival of the body of an elderly man killed by LNA bombing, as well as the wounding of two children with shrapnel. The source, who declined to be named,

Summary

First published
February 17, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 9, 2019

Incident Code

LC107

LOCATION

خلة الفرجان, Khallet Al Furjan, Tarabulus, Libya

One child has reportedly been killed in clashes in Tripoli. Rahaf Mabrouk Ghoma was killed in the Khallet Al Furjan neighbourhood, according to Only Libya. Other sources reported similar accounts. It is unclear whether she was killed by an airstrike or gunfire. Fighting occured between GNA and LNA in the area at the time of

Summary

First published
April 9, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 6, 2014

Incident Code

LC004a

LOCATION

قنفودة, Ganfouda, Benghazi, Libya

According to many local sources, one child was reported killed in an alleged LNA airstrike on the Ganfouda neighbourhood of Benghazi. Alwasat wrote: The house of the brother of MP Amal Muhammad Baiou was shelled in the Ganfouda area, killing Hassan Salah Mohammed Baiou and the house completely collapsed. His family announced that the funeral

Summary

First published
August 6, 2014
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

December 10, 2017

Incident Code

LQ063

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Municipal hotel, Benghazi, Libya

Civilian infrastructure in Benghazi was targeted by LNA strikes, according to local sources Libya Today TV reported that an LNA strike in central Benghazi – in the Akhribesh area – resulted in the destruction of “infrastructure and public and private property of citizens.” Ayon Benghazi reported strikes in the vicinity of a hotel, and several other

Summary

First published
December 10, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

September 23, 2016

Incident Code

LQ034a

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Benghazi: Ganfouda, Benghazi, Libya

A UAE reportedly targeted a residential area in Benghazi. Libya Alahrar TV reported: “Al-Saraya Media Center: a foreign aircraft without a pilot targeted a house inhabited by a family in Ganfouda in Benghazi.” Nosa posted on Twitter that “so far four air raids have been launched by the UAE UAV on Ganfouda and the Chinese

Summary

First published
September 23, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
United Arab Emirates Military
View Incident

Incident date

February 8, 2016

Incident Code

LQ024

LOCATION

درنة‎, Derna, Darnah, Libya

A Libyan Air Force MIG-23 was shot down in the Sidi Khalid area, 35 km West of Derna, after conducting airstrikes in Derna according to various sources. Apparently, the plane had shelled the 400 neighbourhoods in retaliation for the killing of civilians on February 7th. The Libya Observer reported that the Derna Shura Council, which

Summary

First published
February 8, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Confirmed
A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 24, 2015

Incident Code

LQ007a

LOCATION

سرت‎, Sirte, Surt, Libya

Dawa Alhaq reported a GNC/Libya Dawn airstrike in Sirte likely resulting in civilian harm: “A military aircraft belonging to the ‘Dawn of Libya’ militia, backed by Libya’s brothers who control Tripoli, launched air strikes on Thursday night on sites in the city of Sirte. ‘A Libyan warplane launched several air strikes on the sites of

Summary

First published
April 24, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
General National Congress (GNC)
View Incident

Incident date

February 2, 2019

Incident Code

LC101a

LOCATION

درنة, Derna, Darnah, Libya

One woman was reportedly injured by indiscrimiate artillery shelling in the Old City of Derna. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) wrote in its report: “Since 2 February, fighting in the old city of Derna intensified, and reportedly resulted in substantial numbers of civilian casualties. While it remains impossible to

Summary

First published
February 2, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

May 5, 2019

Incident Code

LC135

LOCATION

جسر الزهراء, Al Zahra Bridge, Tarabulus, Libya

One man was allegedly injured by an airstrike on Al-Swani. FMSC reported: “An elderly man was injured by shrapnel as a result of aerial bombardment near al-Zahra bridge in the Al-Swani area.” Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the perpetrator.  

Summary

First published
May 5, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

June 16, 2019

Incident Code

LC152

LOCATION

مستشفى القلب تاجوراء, Tajoura Heart Hospital, Tarabulus, Libya

A single source reported that three civilians were injured in an LNA airstrike on Tajoura, Tripoli, on June 16th. According to this source, “the aerial bombardment of the residential neighbourhoods near the heart hospital caused serious damage to houses, as well as the hospital. Two women, including a pregnant woman, were injured, alongside a child.”

Summary

First published
June 16, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

October 5, 2019

Incident Code

LC212

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: طريق المطار, Tripoli: Airport road, Tarabulus, Libya

Four women were reportedly injured by LNA shelling on Tripoli. Libya Alahrar TV said: “Operation Volcano of Anger [GNA] announced the injury of 4 women due to the warplanes supporting Haftar shelling civilian neighbourhoods in the vicinity of the airport road in the capital Tripoli. Operation Volcano of Anger added that Saturday night’s shelling caused

Summary

First published
October 5, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

November 5, 2019

Incident Code

LC239

LOCATION

الرملة, Al Ramla, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed by an airstrike in the Al Ramla area of Qasr Bin Gashir. Libya Alahrar TV reported: “Al-Swani Field Hospital of the Center for Field Medicine and Support reported that the body of Khaled Salem Al-Marghani was recovered from Al-Khuwaildi area. Al-Swani field hospital said that Khaled al-Marghani was subjected to

Summary

First published
November 5, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

December 31, 2019

Incident Code

LC267

LOCATION

قصر أبو هادي, Qasr Abu Hadi, Surt, Libya

Conflicting reports emerged of alleged airstrikes by an unknown belligerent on the night of December 31st, 2019 and January 1st, 2020 on Abu Hadi area near the city of Sirte. A Central Gate reporter quoted local sources, who said that three people had died and two people were wounded in airstrikes on the Abu Hadi

Summary

First published
December 31, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

February 14, 2020

Incident Code

LC298

LOCATION

البوعيشي , Al Bueshi, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed and one injured by indiscriminate artillery shelling on the Albueshi area of Tripoli. The Field Medicine and Support Centre said: “A team from the center made a field tour to find out the size of the injuries left by the fall of a shell on Friday evening, 14/02/2020, on the

Summary

First published
February 14, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 31, 2020

Incident Code

LC330

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: قرقارش, Tripoli: Qerqarish, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reported killed and several others injured by LNA shelling on the Qerqarish neighbourhood of Tripoli. It later turned out the actual cause was a gas explosion. Hona Souq Al-Khmies posted: “Our confirmed outcome for Qargarsh now: The death of Ramadan Qurbaj. His brother’s injury. An Egyptian worker was injured.” The Libya Observer

Summary

First published
March 31, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
Civilians reported injured
0–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Discounted
Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 20, 2020

Incident Code

LC360

LOCATION

وادي الربيع, Wadi al Rabie, Tarabulus, Libya

The GNA-led Burkan Al Ghadab operation reported that LNA targeted two field hospitals in Wadi al Rabie in Tajoura, Libya on April 20th/21st 2020 with Grad rockets. They posted on Facebook saying “The Haftar terrorist militia directly targets with Grad rockets today, two field hospitals in Wadi al Rabie, what resulted in the injury of

Summary

First published
April 20, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
5
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

May 11, 2020

Incident Code

LC390

LOCATION

بني وليد, Bani Walid, Tarabulus, Libya

A reportedly sick woman was injured when the ambulance she was in was targeted in an alleged Turkish drone strike near the city of Bani Walid on May 11th, 2020, according to local sources. Tripoli29 reported that “a Turkish drone bombed an ambulance with a sick woman inside.” @agly1988 tweeted that “an ambulance carrying a woman from

Summary

First published
May 11, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

June 10, 2020

Incident Code

LC420

LOCATION

وادي جارف, Wadi Jarif, Surt, Libya

A woman was killed after a mortar fell on her house in Jarif in Sirte on June 10th, 2020. She was identified by local sources as Dr. Malak Saleh Al Wafi. “Dr. Malak Saleh Al-Wafi dies after a shell landed in their house in Jarif,” said Libyan woman doctors. No further information is currently available.

Summary

First published
June 10, 2020
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 29, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-186

LOCATION

سرت, Sirte, Surt, Libya

A father and his daughter were killed by a NATO strike in Sirte in September 29th 2011. NATO on that day reported hitting “1 ammunition storage area, 1 multi rocket launcher area.” There is currently no further information available

Summary

First published
September 29, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident