Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS055

Incident date

January 19, 2017

Location

الباب , Al Bab city, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians died in an alleged Turkish artillery bombardment in Al Bab, according to local media.

According to Aleppo 24: “two members of the civil defence were killed and a number more wounded as a result of the Turkish aviation targeting Al Bab  on Thursday [Jan 19th]. The members of the civil defence died as they came to the aid of victims of a previous bombing”.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Abd al Karim Khalil Al Sheikh Saleh Adult male Halab News named four civilians killed by "Turkish artillery" in Al Bab killed
  • Mohammad Subhi al Othman Adult male Halab News named four civilians killed by "Turkish artillery" in Al Bab killed
  • Karmo al Haj Karmo Adult male Halab News named four civilians killed by "Turkish artillery" in Al Bab killed
  • Ali al Hanan al Karmo Adult male Halab News named four civilians killed by "Turkish artillery" in Al Bab killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Heavy bombardment of Turkish artillery and warplanes on the city of # Bab and the town of Qbasin in the countryside of Aleppo. (via halhos1)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab city (الباب ), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI020

Incident date

December 13, 2018

Location

مخمور, Makhmour refugee camp, Erbil, Iraq

Geolocation

35.761235, 43.604991 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four women were killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes on the Rustam Jodi refugee camp in Makhmour, south of Erbil on December 13th 2018, according to local media reports.

Rustom Joudi, the governor of Rastam Jodi camp, said that the Turkish shelling, which took place at 21:00 on Thursday, killed four women, three of them from one family, and were shelled while they went to their campsites.

The Turkish Army Chief of Staff announced that its warplanes bombed the positions of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in Sinjar and Mount Qora Gokh, in the district of Makhmour. The presidency added that “The Turkish army destroyed the shelters, caches, tunnels and warehouses of the Workers Party in an air operation on the organization’s sites in Sinjar and Mount Qara Gokh.”

According to Shaffaq News “Prior to the funeral ceremony, hundreds of people had gone to the UN headquarters to push them to take a serious and concrete stance on Turkish bombing.”

No other details are known at this time.

The incident occured at 21:00:00 local time.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Funeral of the victims of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Makhmour, 22nd December 2018. (via Shafaaq)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (4 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS335 TS005b

Incident date

October 11, 2016

Location

تل بطال, Tall Btal, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.50018, 37.43927 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 3 and 4 displaced people were reported killed in camps near Tal Btal, a village south of Ra’i in the Aleppo countryside. It was unclear whether Turkey or the Coalition was responsible.

Ramaf reported that an attack hit a camp, claiming “the lives of three martyrs and [left] more than fifteen wounded as a result of being targeted by Turkish artillery. Ramaf named the three victims.

The ISIS-controlled propaganda unit al Al A’maq Agency reported that four civilians were killed, including a girl “when two tents were targeted with an American raid.”

Only two sources reported on this incident. There are no other known details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Khaled Ma’rouf Age unknown male killed
  • Mahmoud Sheikh Nouri Age unknown male killed
  • Mohammad Adel Age unknown male killed
  • A female child Child female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (0–1 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tall Btal (تل بطال), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.50018, 37.43927. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near Tal Btal, Syria
    Nearest population center

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Aug 4, 2017
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area of the reported civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For October 10th-11th the Coalition reported that “Near Manbij, three strikes engaged three ISIL tactical units and destroyed six fighting positions and two vehicles.” For October 11th-12th, the Coalition reported “Near Manbij, one strike suppressed an ISIL tactical unit” and that “Near Mar’a, four strikes engaged four ISIL tactical units and destroyed three fighting positions and a vehicle.”

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (0–1 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS056

Incident date

January 20, 2017

Location

الباب, Al Bab city, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and four civilians died and up to 13 more were wounded in alleged Turkish artillery and air strikes on Al Bab, Syria, local media reported.

According to Al Bab News, there were “three dead and 11 injured in a continuous Turkish aerial and artillery bombardment of Al Bab”.

Syria News Desk gave more detail on the event. It said: “Four civilians were killed and 13 others injured this afternoon [Jan 20th] by Turkish artillery and air raids targeting residential areas in the city of Bab under the control of the Islamic State Organization in the eastern countryside of Aleppo.

The source who, refused to reveal his identity, told the Syria News Desk that the Turkish warplanes launched more than 15 raids on the sites of the organization around the city, including three raids, residential sites near the roundabout Manshiyet central Bab, killing four Civilians and wounding four others.

Nine civilians, five of them from a single family, were injured when three artillery shells fired by the Turkish army targeted residential buildings near the industrial zone to the southeast of Bab.

The source added that the artillery and aerial bombardment resulted in the destruction of two residential buildings in full, and a large destruction of four other houses, in addition to the burning of two cars and damage to a number of shops and other property.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    11–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab city ( الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    11–13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI021

Incident date

January 22, 2019

Location

رشاوة , Rashawa, Duhok, Iraq

Geolocation

36.865292, 42.991828 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Subdistrict level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four men were killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes on the area of Deraluk, Dohuk province, on January 22nd or 23rd, 2020, according to local sources. Two men remain missing: it is unknown if they were also killed or arrested or kidnapped. It is unclear if the men were civilians or Peshmerga.

A local “security source” reported that four civilians were killed and others wounded in the evening of January 22nd, in the province of Kurdistan after Turkish airstrikes targeted Rashawa in the area of Deira Lock of Dohuk province.

According to Alayam, witnesses told the German news agency DPA that “four of them, north of Dohuk, were killed by the Turkish aircraft bombing this evening and that a fifth citizen is still missing.” The witnesses added that “the villagers were able to find two bodies and the search is underway for the other two bodies”. Relatives of the missing citizen reported that he was also located in the mountainous area targeted tonight.

Rudaw named two of the victims and said they were in the area to fish. There is also speculation that they were Peshmerga forces.

Fazel Hawramy initially tweeted that two civilians, both of them beekeepers, were killed but later updated the death toll to four.

Babylon FM published a similar report, naming four dead civilians, two of them beekeepers. However, in the picture, one of them is shown in a military uniform.

In May 2019, CPTIK published their report after interviews with family members of the killed and missing men. The report reads “the Turkish jets struck Matin Mountain and Zele and Hetut villages for more than one hour [on January 23rd, 2019]. The airstrike resulted in 6 civilian victims, four of the bodies were recovered, but the fate of the two others is still unknown.”

The brother of one of the victims, Haidar, told CPTIK: “My brother and four others were fishing in Zele village, where there were not any Turkish military bases around. My brother was working, fishing with others, but the Turkish aeroplanes bombed the area. Two of my brother’s friends were killed and their bodies were found in that spot; but the fate of my brother and one of his friends is still unknown and we do not know whether they were injured or killed, arrested or something else. Haider and his friends were innocent.”

Haidar and Redar are still missing, the bodies of two of their friends, both named Azad, were killed. According to CPTIK, all men were Peshmerga.

Two other men were killed in the village of Hetut. CPTIK: “Bakhtyar and Zyad had started beekeeping due to the financial crisis. They were in Hetut on the 23rd of January taking care of their bees. The Turkish jets bombed the village. It took two days for their bodies to be discovered.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Azad Shahin Adult male killed
  • Wahid Baki Adult male killed
  • Jegr Muhammad Tahr Age unknown male killed
  • Azad Majd Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 4
  • (4 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–4

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Supoosed location of the incident
  • Pictures of the alleged victims
  • Picture supposedly taken at the funerals for the victims (via Rojnews)
  • Another picture supposedly taken at the funerals for the victims (via Rojnews)
  • Another picture supposedly taken at the funerals for the victims (via Rojnews)
  • Another picture supposedly taken at the funerals for the victims (via Rojnews)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the subdistrict of Rashawa (رشاوة ), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.865292, 42.991828. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 4
  • (4 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–4

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS257

Incident date

March 8, 2018

Location

قرية ترندة, Tarnada villlage, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.493056, 36.879444 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least three of four children from the same family died, and their mother was wounded in an alleged Turkish shelling of Tarnada village near the city of Afrin, according to local media. Reports said that their home was struck.

Afrin Now reported: The death of three children and the injury of a child and his mother as a result of the barbaric shelling of the Turkish occupation of the village of Tarnada adjacent to the city of Afrin. One of the shells landed on the house of a civilian in the village of Tarnada.

The Kurdish Red Crescent and other local sources named the three civilians who were killed and two injured.

However, according to SDF Press, the three-year-old Rashid Rifaat Ibrahim died in the attack.

IC Afrin Resistance went on to report that three children were still missing under the ruins, and at least one more civilian was killed.

According to IC Afrin Resistance, four children died, and the youngest child and the mother were seriously injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (3–4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (20) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child who was either injured or killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: Afrin now facebook post)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child being treated following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin, 8th March 2018. (via: Afrin now facebook post)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child who killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: Afrin now facebook post)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows a child Hala Ibrahim, a 13-year-old who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th march 2018. (via Rumaf )
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: Afrin now facebook post)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows a child who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: QSD Heza)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows a child Hala Ibrahim, a 13-year-old who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (Source: QSD Heza)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows a child Hala Ibrahim, a 13-year-old who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th march 2018. (via KRC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Another image of Hala Ibrahim, a 13-year-old who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: IC Afrin resistance)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: IC Afrin resistance)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a child who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: IC Afrin)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows a dead body of one of the children who killed a following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th march 2018. (via: Rojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows the Kurdish red crescent team removing bodies from the spot of the reported shelling by Turkish on Tarnada village, Afrin, 8th March 2018. (via: Rojava)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows the Kurdish red crescent team removing bodies from the spot of the reported shelling by Turkish on Tarnada village, Afrin, 8th March 2018. (via: Wladimir)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows one of the children who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: Rumaf)
  • A group of people of Afrin demonstrating to express their anger of the death of three children by the Turkish airstrikes. (source: IC Afrin)
  • A group of people of Afrin demonstrating to express their anger of the death of three children by the Turkish airstrikes. (source: IC Afrin)
  • A group of people of Afrin demonstrating to express their anger of the death of three children by the Turkish airstrikes. (source: IC Afrin)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows one of the children who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: Rumaf)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An image shows one of the children who was killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Tarnada village, Afrin 8th March 2018. (via: KRC)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tarnada villlage, Afrin (قرية ترندة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.493056, 36.879444. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • (3–4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS033

Incident date

December 28, 2016

Location

الباب, Al Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Al Bab Al Hadath reported that Qadro Al-Jadeed and his family were killed in a Turkish airstrike “a few days ago” on December 31st.

There is currently no more information available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

  • Qadro Al-Jadeed Adult male

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al Bab (الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI017

Incident date

August 15, 2018

Location

سنجار , Sinjar, Nineveh, Iraq

Geolocation

36.318611, 41.861111 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A former leader (Zaki Shankali) of the PKK in Sinjar reportedly died along with four Yazidi people in alleged Turkish airstrikes on their convoy in Sinjar at 5 p.m on August 15th, according to sources on the ground.

The combat status of the Yazidi people is in question, however, as one source referred to them as fighters. A further source added that the shelling also hit a car, wounding an unspecified number of civilians.

Rudaw reported: “‘The bombardment of the Sinjar district resulted in the death of the commander of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in Sinjar and four fighters from the Sinjar resistance units,’ said the former leader of the Sinjar resistance units and the Lalash Brigades, Ali Ali, on Wednesday, 15 August 2018.’

Almaaolomah reported that a source told them that  “the Turkish air force bombed a convoy of troops in villages oin the outskirts of Sinjar district west of Nineveh.
The source added that the the bombing resulted in the death of the leader of Bbakka Mam Zaki and a number of Iraqi Yazidis who were with him”.

Rojnews reported that “the shelling also targeted a car in the area and injured all civilian passengers.”

The incident occured at 17:00:00 local time.

  • Zaki Shinkali Adult male Listed as a former leader of PKK killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Zaki Shinkali, a former leader of the PKK, killed in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Sinjar, Aug 15th (via Adarpress)
  • The remains of the convoy alleged struck by Turksih jets in Sinjar, Aug 15th (via Rudaw)
  • The remains of the convoy alleged struck by Turksih jets in Sinjar, Aug 15th (via Rudaw)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Sinjar (سنجار ), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.318611, 41.861111. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]