Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS563

Incident date

November 3, 2022

Location

تل حلف, Tal Halaf, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.8237138, 40.0378232 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A nine year old girl was killed when an alleged Turkish armored vehicle ran her over in the village of Tal Halaf on November 3, 2022.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a girl was killed when she was run over by a Turkish vehicle in the village of Tal Halaf.

A local source told North Press Agency that a Turkish armored vehicle ran over a nine year old girl named Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz, near the roundabout of the town of Tal Halaf, while she was on her way to the Sharia Institute. The local source added that the Turkish vehicle did not help the girl, who died on the way to the hospital. Vedeng News added that the incident occurred at 8:30 in the morning.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the vehicle to Turkey.

The incident occured at 08:30:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz
9 years old female killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Accidents related to conflict
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Naranj Suleiman Al-Hafiz, 9 years old, killed by a Turkish armored vehicle in Tal Halaf on November 3, 2022. (Image posted by Baladi News)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tal Halaf (تل حلف), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.8237138, 40.0378232. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Accidents related to conflict
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS564

Incident date

November 6, 2022

Location

قامشلو, Qamishlo, Al-Hasakah, Syria

Airwars assessment

Three civilians, including an unknown number of children, were reported injured as a result an alleged Turkish drone strike on a vehicle on Al-Hizam Al-Ghaby Road, near Al-Saada School in Al-Qamishly city in Al-Hasakah countryside, Syria, on November 6th 2022.

Two to three SDF fighters, including a commander and a driver, were also reportedly killed in this attack.  Hussein Bari reported that one SDF member killed was the “fighter” Kamal Muhammad Ali, possibly also known as “Mitan Shorsch”.

The media center of the Syrian Democratic Forces issued this statement: “The Turkish occupation’s attacks against civilians’ places and properties continue, and yesterday, Sunday, November 6, and in thevening hours when a fighter from our forces was spending his vacation in his home and was walking around with two of his civilian comrades, they were targeted by the Turkish occupation army.”

“The car in which our fighter, “Mitan Shorsch” and his two companions, was travelling, was targeted by a drone of the Turkish occupation army, which resulted in the death of our comrade Mitan, and the injury of civilians.”

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    2–3

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • "QAMISHLI, Syria (North Press) - A fighter of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) lost his life after a Turkish drone hit his car in the city of Qamishli in northeast Syria on Sunday." (North Press Agency)
  • An alleged Turkish drone strike hit a vehicle, injuring three civilian passerbys on November 6th 2022 (Image via Dilovan Çeto / Facebook)
  • "The martyrdom of the fighter Kamal Muhammad Ali, son of the city of Sere-Kaniye, during the bombing of a Turkish march on a car in the city of Qamishlo", SDF militant reported killed (Image via حسين بري Hussein Bari / Facebook)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    2–3

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS565

Incident date

November 20, 2022

Location

ميشنور, Meştenûr, Hassakah, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to three civilians, including two journalists, were injured when Turkish forces bombed the outskirts of Meştenûr on November 20, 2022.

Hawar News reported that a correspondent for Sterk TV named Muhammad Jarada was injured when Turkish forces bombed the outskirts of Meştenûr. Turkish warplanes bombed Al-Jadida neighborhood, Kanya Kurdan neighborhood, and the village of Qramogh, in addition to Meştenûr hill.

Kobani News reported that a journalist for Ronahi TV was injured by a Turkish drone and that his health condition was almost stable (it is unclear if this is referring to the same journalist named Muhammad).

Farhad Shami, official of the Media Center of the Syrian Democratic Force, announced that three civilians were wounded in Kobani while @RojavaIC specified that two journalists were injured.

@RojavaIC identified a medical building, which was used as a coronavirus center during the peak of the pandemic, as being completely destroyed in the bombing near Kobani. The civilians were injured in a double tap strike on the site of the medical building, with the second strike occurring when journalists arrived to report on the bombing.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkish forces.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Jarada
Age unknown male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • One of the civilians injured by alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • One of the civilians injured by alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Kobani News via Facebook)
  • One of the civilians injured by alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Kobani News via Facebook)
  • One of the civilians injured by alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Dijla via Facebook)
  • alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Rojava Information Center)
  • alleged Turkish strikes near Kobane on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Rojava Information Center)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS566

Incident date

November 20, 2022

Location

تفل بقل, Takl Bakl, Hassakah, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to 12 civilians, including two women, a journalist, and a health care worker, were killed and between three and six others were wounded in alleged Turkish airstrikes and drone strikes in the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022.

Rojava Information Center reported that Turkish forces carried out airstrikes on a power station in Takl Bakl, destroying the power station and causing a power outage in the 65 surrounding villages, in addition to killing one of the workers at the station. Following the strikes, just after civilians and medical personnel came to the site to help, Turkey bombed the same location again, killing 10 civilians and injuring six, in addition to carrying out a drone strike on a car driving away from the site.

Rojava Information Center also published the names of the civilians killed: Husin Ali, Isam Abdullah (Journalist), Chichak Harouni, Hilal Qasim, Hadia Abdullah, Mazin Osi, Husin Khilto, Noury Chafchi, Fayez Abdullah, Mahmoud Ali, Abid Khalid. 

North News put the casualty numbers at nine killed and three others injured, identifying Hawar News Agency’s correspondent Isam Abdullah among the dead. Hawar News provided a biographer for their correspondent who had been working to expose the truth for eight years: “Isam was born in 1984 in the town of Abera in Jal Agha district in Qamishlo canton. He completed primary school in the village and middle school and high school in the town of Rumailan, and studied the Arabic language department at Damascus University. Isam worked as a teacher in Damascus for a period of time, and with the outbreak of the Rojava revolution, he returned to his home and joined the activities and events of the revolution. He started working in the field of journalism in 2015 as a correspondent for Ronahi newspaper, and in 2017 he joined our agency.”

Kobani News reported that 11 civilians and a journalist were killed, while Rudaw News referred to “at least 11 civilians killed”. Hawar News reported that the funeral for 12 of the “citizens” killed in the bombing occurred at the shrine of the martyr Khabat Dêrik in Dêrik district of Qamishlo canton on Monday, and an image shows that among the 12 killed were two women.

A Facebook post by كيفك وجعي Keifek Wajai added the name Hussein Ramadan Tai, a healthcare worker who was killed on his way to treat the wounded from the bombing.

The General Manager of the Directorate of Electricity in the Jazira region, Akram Suleiman, told North Press that the targeted plant in the village of Takl Bakl was completely destroyed, in addition to the death of one of the plant workers and the injury of two others. The General Manager also added that there were no military operations or posts within the plant.

According to الخابور khabour via Facebook, Turkish forces also bombed a PYD/PKK headquarters in the countryside of Al-Malikiyah, killing a member of the PYD/PKK named Dia Hooker.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkey.

The incident occured after midnight.

The victims were named as:

Husin Ali
Age unknown male killed
Isam Abdullah
Age unknown male Journalist killed
Chichak Harouni
Age unknown female killed
Hilal Qasim
Age unknown male killed
Hadia Abdullah
Age unknown female killed
Mazin Osi
Age unknown male killed
Husin Khilto
Age unknown male killed
Noury Chafchi
Age unknown male killed
Fayez Abdullah
Age unknown male killed
Mahmoud Ali
Age unknown male killed
Abid Khalid
Age unknown male killed
Hussein Ramadan Tai
Age unknown male Healthcare worker killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 12
  • (2 women2 men1 journalist1 healthcare_personnel)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    1

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (16) [ collapse]

  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Rojava Information Center)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Rojava Information Center)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Rojava Information Center)
  • (Hussein Ramadan Tai) was martyred in the village of Takl Bakl while he was on his way to treat the wounded by the bombing of the Turkish occupation in northern and eastern Syria.
  • Victims of the bombing in the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Kobani News via Facebook)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Journalist Isam Abdullah, killed in the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)
  • Member of the PYD/PKK named Dia Hooker, killed by alleged Turkish airstrikes on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by الخابور khabour via Facebook)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by الخابور Khabour via Facebook)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by الخابور Khabour via Facebook)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by الخابور Khabour via Facebook)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish airstrikes on the village of Takl Bakl on November 20, 2022. (Image posted by الخابور Khabour via Facebook)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 12
  • (2 women2 men1 journalist1 healthcare_personnel)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    1

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS567

Incident date

November 20, 2022

Location

جورين, Syria

Geolocation

35.616504, 36.268706 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One child, a boy, and a woman, his mother, were injured as a result of Turkish-backed militant action, from factions of the “Al-Fateh Al-Mubin”. The actions were reported to include artillery shells hitting the town of Jourin on November 20th 2022.

The woman and child were reportedly transferred to the Suqaylabiyah National Hospital for treatment.

Pressn and other local sources also reported that the shells caused material damage to some local residential properties.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Mother
Adult female injured
Son
Child male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Residental houses reportedly damaged by Turkish backed militant missile fire on November 20th 2022 in Jourin (Image via Alalam)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Jourin (جورين), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.616504, 36.268706. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS568

Incident date

November 21, 2022

Location

بينة, Ibbin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.46599, 36.99337 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two people were reported “slightly” injured and tens of sheep were reportedly killed by Turkish shelling in Ibbin village, Sherawa district in Afrin, Syria on November 21st 2022.

According to North Press Agency and ANHA between 20 to 35 sheep were killed which were owned by Walida Hamadi.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Up to 35 sheep were reportedly killed by a Turkish missile on a village in Afrin on November 21st 2022 (Image via ANHA English)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Ibbin (بينة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.46599, 36.99337. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS569

Incident date

November 21, 2022

Location

الحمره, Al-Hamra neighborhood in the center of Tal Tamr district, Tal Tamr, Syria

Airwars assessment

One young man, Abd al-Rahman Rashid Hassan, aged 17, was injured in a reported Turkish bombardment from a drone which hit the neighbourhood of Al-Hamra, in the centre of Tal Tamr district, Syria, on November 21st 2022.

ANHA and other local sources reported that the Turkish drone targeted a car or a military vehicle which was near a Russian forces base.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Abdul Rahman Rashid Hassan
17 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS570

Incident date

November 23, 2022

Location

القحطانية , Terbe Spi (al-Qahtaniyeh) east of the city of Qamishli, Syria

Airwars assessment

On November 23rd 2022, 6 civilians, including 4 workers and 2 oil engineers were reportedly injured by Turkish airstrikes and/or artillery attacks on a car and on the Tigris Oil Station, in the vicinity of oil fields close to Terbe Spi town (Turba Sabih, Tirbe Spih, al-Qahtaniyeh).

Several local sources indicated that Turkish warplanes hit a car located on M4 Highway south of Terbe Spi leading to 4 workers injured. Those were identified as Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmad, 22 years old, Ibrahim Al-Mohammed, 43 years old, Abdel Moneim Khalifa, 28 years old, and Ziyad Al Habib 35 years old. The injured were then taken to the Kurdish Red Crescent center for treatment.

Two oil engineers identified by local sources as Aser Sattam and Abdel Karim Abdo were reportedly injured by Turkish strikes on the Tigris Oil Station, in Gerhok (Karhouk) village, east of Jal Agha district. They were transferred to Girkê Legê and Qamishli hospitals for treatment.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Abdul Rahman Al-Ahmad
22 years old male injured
Ibrahim Al-Mohammed
43 years old male injured
Abdel Moneim Khalifa
28 years old male injured
Ziyad Al Habib
35 years old male injured
Aser Sattam
Adult male engineer injured
Abdel Karim Abdo
Adult male engineer injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • At least 4 civilians were injured in an alleged Turkish strike on November 23rd 2022 in Terbe Spi area. Source: ANHA English
  • At least 4 civilians workers were injured by an alleged Turkish strike on November 23rd 2022 in Tirbe Spih area. Source: Haval Sedo
  • Reported damage by alleged Turkish bombing on November 23rd 2022 on Tigris oil station and in Terbe Spi area. Source: Evin Shexmous
  • A car damage by alleged Turkish bombing on November 23rd 2022 in Terbe Spi area. Several civilians were reportedly injured by the strike. Source: Evin Shexmous
  • Reported damage by alleged Turkish bombing on November 23rd 2022 on Tigris oil station and in Terbe Spi area. Source: Evin Shexmous
  • Reported damage by alleged Turkish bombing on November 23rd 2022 on Tigris oil station and in Terbe Spi area. Source: Evin Shexmous
  • On November 23rd November, Turkish airstrikes reportedly hit oil and gas fields as well as villages, leading to several civilian casualties east of Qamishli city. Source: NPA
  • Two oil ingeneers were reportedly injured by Turkish strikes on the Tigris Oil Station, located in Karhouk village, east of Jal Agha district. Source: ANHA عربية

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (8) [ collapse]