This resource presents Airwars’ assessments of civilian harm allegations in Israel resulting from reported Palestinian militant actions; as well as of civilian harm allegations in the Gaza Strip resulting from reported Palestinian rocket misfires during May 2021.

In the fourth major combat operation since 2008, Israel Defense Forces and Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip fought a short but devastating conflict from May 10th to 20th 2021. Two Palestinian armed factions in Gaza –  Hamas’s armed wing al-Qassam, and Islamic Jihad’s armed wing, also known as the al-Quds Brigades – between them fired more than 4,300 rockets at Israel.

While most of the rockets were intercepted by Israel’s ‘Iron Dome’ defense system, our assessments show that those that did get through predominantly caused civilian harm in residential areas.

This database is part of a wider Airwars project examining drivers of civilian harm, which presents civilian harm in Israel resulting from Palestinian militant action alongside civilian harm likely caused by Israeli strikes in the Gaza Strip in May 2021; as well asby Israeli strikes in Syria from 2013 onwards.

Known civilian harm claims can be accessed via the ‘Civilian Casualties’ tabs above, while an overview of civilian harm resulting from Israeli strikes can be found via the drop-down menu under ‘Conflicts’ under ‘Israeli Military in Syria and the Gaza Strip’.