Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

Incident Code

ISPT0449

Incident date

October 22, 2023

Location

منزل عائلة أبو معيلق في دير البلح وسط القطاع, Abu Mu’eileq home, Deir al-Balah, Gaza Strip, Deir al-Balah, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

At 12pm on Sunday, October 22nd 2023, between 22 and 31 civilians, including at least 11 children and eight women, were killed and others were injured after an alleged Israeli airstrike on the homes of the Abu Muailiq family in Deir Al-Balah, which is located in the middle of the Gaza Strip.

Amnesty International reported that three homes belonging to the Abu Muailiq brothers and their families were hit by an alleged Israeli airstrike. The incident took place south of Wadi Gaza, where residents of northern Gaza had been ordered to relocate on October 13th, 2023.

Amnesty International has identified the US-made Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), as the bomb used during the strike based on images of fragments of the munition found at the scene of the incident. Amnesty International weapons experts have estimated that the JDAM used weighed “at least 1000 lbs” and was likely manufactured in 2018.

Dr Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq posted to Facebook detailing those killed during the incident. His wife, 44-year-old Islam Majed Kamel Abu Muailiq, also known as Umm Ghanam, was killed along with their four children: Duaa Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq (daughter, 16), Lama Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq (daughter, aged 11), Muhammad Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq (son, aged 13) and Ghanem Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq (son, aged 14)

The sister of Islam Abu Muailiq, Samar Majid Kamel Abu Muailiq, was also killed during the strike along with her five children: Rahaf Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq (daughter, aged 19), Raneem Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq (daughter, aged 17), Raghad Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq (daughter, aged 14), Sami Omar Youssef Abu Mailiq (son, aged 10) and Youssef Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq (son, aged 5).

Shorouk Majod Kamel Abu Muailiq, the sister of both Islam and Samar, was killed with her three children in the airstrike: Souad Hossam Ibrahim Salem (daughter, aged 9), Aya Hossam Ibrahim Salem (daughter, aged 7) and Ibrahim Hossam Ibrahim Salem (son, aged 6). 48-year-old Youlia Nicola Abu Muailiq, who was reported to be a Russian citizen, also died during the incident along with her daughter Dr. Lina Sami Abu Mualiq who was 23 years old.

The airstrike also killed numerous other members of the Abu Muailiq family including 22-year-old Kareem Yousef Salem Abu Muailiq and his 34-year-old brother Amar Yousef Salem Abu Muailiq, a 60-year-old woman called Raisa Abdullah Sulayman Abu Muailiq and Saheed Abdel Karim Mustafa Abu Muailiq, along with an unnamed woman referred to as the wife of Abu Ahed. The neighbour of the Abu Muailiq household – a 39-year-old man named Rajab Ghaz Mezyed – also died as a result of the strike.

Amnesty International reported that 19 people were killed in the incident, however, Airwars has identified 23 names of individuals reported as killed amongst sources. In line with Airwars methodology, the minimum number of civilians killed is 23, as 23 names were identified. The highest civilian casualty count was reported by Duaa Jarghon, in a post on Facebook, who wrote that Umm Ghanem and 30 other members of the Abu Mu’eileq family had been killed.

Amnesty International found no evidence that the homes of Abu Mu’eileq had any military purpose, or that Hamas was engaged in civilian ‘shielding’ at this location. The NGO described the strike as ‘unlawful’. Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s Secretary General, publicly announced that the incident was a ‘wake-up’ call for the Biden Administration into the role that US-made munitions are having in facilitating civilian casualties in Gaza.

@Al-BusairsAbuAli posted a video to Facebook showing the aftermath of the airstrike. It shows civilians digging through the rubble of demolished buildings, and carrying the remains of those killed during the incident. It is claimed ‘dozens’ were killed during the strike. @ShebabAgency posted a video to ‘X’ (formerly Twitter) that showed the bodies of four young children that were killed during the strike. Their names had been written onto their bodies while they were alive so that they could be identified if they were killed.

In an interview with Amnesty International, Dr Bakir Youssef Abu Muailiq – an ear, nose and throat specialist – said that he was working at the hospital when the airstrike that killed his wife and four children took place. Dr Bakr said there was no justification for the strike, and reaffirmed that his family was non-political: “we are doctors and scientists”. His statement aligns with Amnesty International’s assessment that there was no military objective to carrying out a strike on the Abu Muailiq households.

Samaher Abu Muailiq, the brother-in-law of Islam, told Amnesty International that he left the building a minute before it was struck. He reportedly sustained injuries to the neck and the back when he was thrown against a door by the force of the blast. Survivors of the incident told Amnesty International that no warning was given.

Since the incident, heartfelt testimonials have been posted online. @Abu Fares Ghareeb, posting on behalf of the “14 Million Conference”, commiserated the death of Islam Abu Muailiq and her children on Facebook, praising Islam’s kindness and good character. Islam was a member of the conference’s follow-up committee and the conference’s coordinator in the Gaza Strip.

Wesam Waleed, a member of the Abu Muailiq family, described a “tiring and exhausting night” where he did not sleep due to his heartbreak.

Amnesty International sent questions regarding the two attacks to the Israeli military’s spokesperson unit on 21 November. At the time of the publication of the Amnesty International report on December 5, 2023, no response had been received.

The names of 12 victims have been matched with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of names, ages and IDs of victims published on October 26, 2023.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured at 12:00:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (24)

Islam Majed Kamel Abu Muailiq اسلام ماجد كامل ابو معيلق
44 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 951437193
Duaa Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq دعاء بكر يوسف ابو معيلق
16 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 424629749
Ghanem Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq غانم بكر يوسف ابو معيلق
14 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 426486825
Muhammad Bakr Yusuf Abu Muailiq محمد بكر يوسف ابو معيلق
13 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 430541748
Lama Bakr Youssef Abu Muailiq لما بكر يوسف ابو معيلق
11 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 430421164
Samar Majid Kamel Abu Muailiq سمر ماجد كامل ابو معيلق
43 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 991205915
Rahaf Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq رهف عمر يوسف ابو معيلق
20 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 408950129
Raneem Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq رنيم عمر يوسف ابو معيلق
17 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 424350197
Raghad Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq, رغد عمر يوسف ابو معيلق
15 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 427482278
Sami Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq سامي عمر يوسف ابو معيلق
10 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 434013314
Youssef Omar Youssef Abu Muailiq يوسف عمر يوسف ابو معيلق
6 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 440524478
Shorouk Majid Kamel Abu Muailiq شروق ماجد كامل ابو معيلق
Adult female killed
Souad Hossam Ibrahim Salem سعاد حسام ابراهيم سالم
9 years old female killed
Aya Hossam Ibrahim Salem اية حسام ابراهيم سالم
7 years old female killed
Ibrahim Hossam Ibrahim Salem ابراهيم حسام ابراهيم سالم
6 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 437210867
Youlia Vladimir Nicola Abu Muailiq يوليا فلاديمير نيكولا ابو معيلق
48 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 412257214
Lina Sami Abu Muailiq لينا ابو معيلق
23 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 405968447
Kareem Abu Muailiq كريم ابو معيلق
22 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 406131284
Amar Abu Muailiq عمار ابو معيلق
34 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 802484758
Raisa Abu Muailiq رئيسة ابو معيلق
60 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 925052938
Saheed Abdel Karim Mustafa Abu Muailiq سهيد عبد الكريم مصطفى ابو معيلق
killed
Wife of Abu Ahed زوجة ابو عاهد
Adult male killed
Samaher Abu Muailiq
male injured
Rajab Ghaz Mezyed رجب غازي رجب ابو مزيد
39 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 411954894

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    22 – 31
  • (11–12 children8 women3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (30) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Bilal Abu Safwan
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammad Amin
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammad Amin
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Mohammad Amin
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abu Fares Ghareeb
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Nedal Jamal
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abu Saqr Abu Maleeq
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Muhammad Taha
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    Source: Nader Adel Abu Shaaban
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    Source: Kholoud Abu Muallaq
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ihsan Amin
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @elhashmy5
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Weesam Waleed
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amnesty International Report
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    22 – 31
  • (11–12 children8 women3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0450

Incident date

October 22, 2023

Location

منزل الزيناتي  في حي الأمل غرب خانيونس, Al-Zinati’s house in the Al-Amal neighbourhood, west of Khan Yunis, Khan Yunis, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

On the evening of Sunday, October 22nd 2023, at least four civilians were killed and 18 others, including more than 15 children, were reportedly injured in an alleged Israeli airstrike that bombed Al-Zinati’s house in the Al-Amal neighbourhood, in the west of Khan Yunis, in the central Gaza Strip.

This incident resulted in the deaths of several civilians, including 32-year-old Hisham Musa Al-Zinati and his five-year-old son, Malik Hisham Al-Zinati. Hisham’s brother, Ahmad Musa Al-Zinati and his wife, Noor al-Madhoun, were injured in the incident, and their two children, Khaled Ahmed Al-Zinati (4 years old) and Musa Ahmed Al-Zinati (2 years old) were killed. Kareem Musa Al-Zinati and Hisham Musa al-Zinati’s wife were also injured in the incident.

According to the Fatah Media and Culture Commission, 18 civilians were injured because of the bombing of the family home. Palestine Now further reported that more than 15 children were injured in the alleged Israeli bombing.

Shehab Agency reported that two of the victims killed were pulled from the rubble.

In a series of images posted by Palestine Now and the photographer, Amr Tabash, at least ten different children can be seen arriving and being treated at Nasser Hospital, many of them carried in, some crying and others limp.

Amr Tabash also posted a video of Malik Hisham al-Zinati’s body arriving at Nasser Hospital in an ambulance, he can be seen wrapped in a blanket and being held by a paramedic.

Images from the burials of the victims were also shared by Amr Tabash, their family members gathered around their shrouded bodies, weeping. Multiple victims had their faces uncovered as their family members said their final goodbyes.

Following the incident, friends and family shared their farewells for those who were killed in the incident. In a Facebook post dedicated to Hisham Musa Al-Zainat, Ahmed Al-Sini stated, “You are a person with a kind, clean and respectful heart. You and your son Malik and all your family are in Paradise. God Almighty, I love you, I love you, I love you.” Ahmed Al-Sini also posted images of himself and Hisham together and an image of Hisham with his son Malik. Prayers were shared on Facebook by Ahmed Al-Zinti, who named each of those killed and asked: “God to forgive them, have mercy on them, and place them in His spacious gardens”.

Khaled and Musa’s uncle, Ebrahim Zeyad, shared images of the young brothers from when they were alive, calling them “beloved of your uncle’s heart” and asking others to pray for their mother, his sister Noor al-Madhoun.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

Where sources identified a belligerent, all sources attributed the strike to the Israeli Military.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured in the evening.

The victims were named as:

Family members (8)

Hisham Musa Al-Zinati هشام موسى الزيناتي
32 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 803581800
Malik Hisham Al-Zinati مالك هشام الزيناتي
3 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 443259197
Khaled Ahmed Al-Zinati خالد احمد الزيناتي
4 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 441266806
Musa Ahmed Al-Zinati موسى احمد الزيناتي
2 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 445668882
Ahmad Musa Al-Zinati أحمد موسى الزيناتي
Adult male injured
Noor al-Madhoun
Adult female injured
Wife of Hisham Al-Zinati زوجة هشام الزيناتي
Adult female injured
Kareem Musa Al-Zinati كريم موسى الزيناتي
killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (3 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    18–19
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (29) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Go
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Salah din
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine now
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine now
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine now
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Palestine now
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmed Al-Sini
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmed Al-Sini
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmed Al-Sini
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ahmed Al-Sini
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ebrahim Zyad
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    Source: Ebrahim Zyad
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Amr Tabash
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    Source: Nana Khalil
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    Source: Nana Khalil
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    Source: Nana Khalil
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Nana Khalil
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (3 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    18–19
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS652

Incident date

October 22, 2023

Location

قرية الشيخ عيسى, Sheikh Esa, Aleppo countryside, Syria

Airwars assessment

In the morning of Sunday, October 22nd, 2023, an alleged Turkish artillery strike seriously injured a woman in the village of Sheikh Esai n the Al-Shahba countryside, north of Aleppo. According to Alyaum News, civilian property was also damaged by the strike.

According to the Human Rights Organization Afrin – Syria, the 22-year-old woman, named as Samira Khaled Issa, was injured by shrapnel from an artillery shell fired by the Turkish forces. She was transferred to Tal Rifaat Hospital to receive treatment, as depicted by images of the woman on a hospital bed.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strike to the Turkish military.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Samira Khaled Issa سميرة خالد عيسى
22 years old female injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ANF news

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0427

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

منزل عائلة صبح في مشروع بيت لاهيا شمال قطاع غزة, Sobh family home, Beit Lahia , North Gaza Strip, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

On October 21st 2023, it was reported that an unknown number of children were injured after an alleged Israeli airstrike on the Sobh family home near the market area of Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip. Although sources illustrated that children were injured, sources do not refer to any civilians killed in this incident. Based on images, Airwars has quantified at least seven injuries of children.

Sources spoke to the mental impact the strike had on the children, with Twitter/X user @SafaaALssaedy referencing a video that showed a young boy, mentioned as belonging to the Sobh family, “trembl[ing] with fear.” Nabd News also included this video, showing two boys, both distraught, receiving medical care after reportedly being taken to hospital following the strike.

Multiple sources posted videos and pictures of a young girl in a matching butterfly vest and trousers. In a video shared by Twitter/X user Khaled Iskef, she is being carried away from the site of the alleged airstrike on a stretcher with another young child, and has significant injuries to her face and head. The same video shows multiple children being carried away from the destruction. In a later video shared by @KimJongWins, this girl is lying on a bed, presumably at a health facility, and crying.

The second young child seen being carried on the stretcher is photographed being held by an adult in a post by Shehab Agency; it appeared they were seeking medical attention.

Shehab Agency posted a photo of what looks like medical assistance vehicles parked up at the site of the alleged strike. In the background there are a number of onlookers; in the foreground there are children standing without shoes and socks on. One toddler is being cradled by an older boy. There are seven children in the picture which includes the young toddler who was carried off on the stretcher.

Bisan Owda, a Gaza-based reporter who has come to international prominence, posted a video with a young girl who she named as Sham Sobh, and identified her as a survivor of the strike. Sham appeared with shrapnel cuts to her face, and seemed confused and numbed after her experience. Bisan stated that 35 members of Sham’s family had been killed, but given that none of the sources describing this incident mentioned these additional deaths, these family members were likely in other incidents.

Beyond Sham, there were no names included within reporting.

Multiple sources mention that the strike occurred on the market area of Beit Lahia.

The imagery included within the sources suggest that the strike took place during the daytime. Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured during the day.

The victims were named as:

Sham Sobh
Child female injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Marketplace
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Food
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (14) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
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    Source: @ShehabAgency
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Marketplace
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–11
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Food
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0446

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

منزل عائلة أبو أسد المجاور لمستشفى شهــداء الاقصىى, home of the Abu Assad family, adjacent to Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, Deir Al Balah, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

On 21st October 2023, the home of the Abu Assad family, adjacent to al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital and on Abu Assad Street in Deir Al Balah, was reportedly damaged by an alleged Israeli airstrike, killing seven civilians and injuring “dozens” others.

Reporting of the incident identified the killing of mother Hilala Ibrahim Abu Assad and her 12-year-old twin children, daughter Aseel Abdel Nasser Abu Assad and son Ahmed Abdel Nasser Abu Assad, by the strike. A Facebook post from Dr. Sahar Saadi Kahil referred to Hilal as a “distinguished Tajweed teacher, memorizer of the Book of God and certified by many of the ten recitations” and posted an image of her with a Palestinian flag. Family members also provided condolences on the death of Hilala and her twin children.

The Palestinian Information Center (@PalinfoAr) reported that “7 citizens died after the Israeli [forces] bombed the Abu Assad family home next to Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital.”

According to Aljazeera (@AJArabicnet), “all members of the Abu Assad family were injured” while other sources reported on “a number of injuries” resulting from the strike and Khabar 24 identified “dozens” of injuries.

The aftermath of the strike was posted by Palestine Dialogue Network (@paldf) and Abu Kareem News showing the building reduced to rubble with local civilians and rescue workers sorting through the rubble. A post by Nuseirat Panorama showed the arrival of injured civilians, including a young man and an elderly man, at a local hospital while images posted by Nader Saad Abdul Haseeb show a woman with an injury to her face. Graphic images of a dead infant and a dead child arriving at the hospital were also posted by Nuseirat Panorama.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

Where sources identified a belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to the Israeli military. A Facebook post from Shadi stated that the strike occurred “without any warning”.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Hilala Ibrahim Abu Assad هلالة إبراهيم أبو أسد
Adult female killed
Aseel Abdel Nasser Abu Assad أسيل عبد الناصر أبو أسد
12 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 431684463
Ahmed Abdel Nasser Abu Assad أحمد عبد الناصر أبو أسد
12 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 431684471

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (2–3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–24
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (46) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PalinfoAr
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @PlusQuds
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @paldf
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    Source: @paldf
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    Source: @paldf
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    Source: @paldf
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    Source: Panorama
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    Source: Panorama
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    Source: Panorama
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    Source: Panorama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Panorama
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    Source: Panorama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Panorama
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Abu kareem
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    Source: Abu kareem
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    Source: Abu kareem
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    Source: NaderSaadAbdulHaseeb
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: NaderSaadAbdulHaseeb
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    Source: NaderSaadAbdulHaseeb
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    Source: NaderSaadAbdulHaseeb
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    Source: NaderSaadAbdulHaseeb
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    Source: Khabar24
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Islamic station
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Islamic station
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Islamic station
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Islamic station
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    Source: Islamic station
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    Source: Umm aboud
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    Source: Saher
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    Source: Wafaa
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (2–3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–24
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0437

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

منزل عائلة جرغون شرقي خان يونس, the Jarghoun (Jargun, Hargun) Family Home, in the Sheikh Nasser/Ma’an area, in eastern  Khan Yunis, Khan Yunis Governorate, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

During the night of Saturday, 21st of October 2023, an airstrike allegedly conducted by the Israeli military killed a 91-year old Palestinian woman, Alia Mohammad Ibrahim Jarghoun, alongside her three-year old grandchild Noor Al-Din Hamadeh Ahmad Jarghoun, and injured at least six civilians, including a woman and at least two children, and up to dozens of civilians, in the Jarghoun family home, situated in the Sheikh Nasser/Ma’an area in eastern Khan Yunis, the Gaza Strip.

The Ministry of the Interior in Gaza and multiple local news sources reported on the event, corroborating the death of Alia Jarghoun and Nour Hamada Jarghoun and referencing the further six civilians injured by the airstrike. A family member Muhammad Refaat Jarghoun wrote on Facebook that “at the beginning of the night, a heinous crime was committed against my family, the Jargun family, which resulted in the martyrdom of a woman and an unarmed child, and many injuries.” Safa news reported that a woman and a girl were recovered from under the rubble of the Hargun family’s house, but there is no further information whether they were alive or dead.

There are multiple video evidence of this violence: a Twitter/X user @mohammed_jbour posted a harrowing video showing the father identifying the body of his deceased child, Nour Jarghoun, and collapsing at the sight of his child in the makeshift mortuary, covering his eyes and having to be supported and pulled out by another individual.

MsdrNews posted a video on Facebook showing the moments an ambulance arrived with hospital staff waiting to treat the wounded. An infant is taken out of the ambulance in the arms of a paramedic – it is unclear if the child is alive, and an adult man with a torn vest makes his way inside the hospital. Two young children are ushered into the hospital with visible, bloody wounds to their bodies and are followed by a large number of men, presumably reporters and/or family members.

A day later, on Sunday, October 22st, 2023, Jarghon posted on Facebook calling for prayers at the Indonesian Mosque in Central Gaza to mourn the loss of their family members Alia Jarghoun and Nour Hamada Jarghoun.

Alia Jarghoun’s funeral took place on the Sunday October 22st, 2023. She was remembered by relatives in a facebook post by Omammar2020 as the “Mother of the martyr Hassan Jarghoun, the first martyr in the Stone Intifada 1987, and grandmother of the martyr Zaher Jarghoun 2011”.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured during the night.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Alia Mohammad Ibrahim Jarghoun عالية جرغون
91 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 914317623
Noor Al-Din Hamadeh Ahmad Jarghoun نور حمادة جرغون
3 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 442999215

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @alaraby_ar
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @palestineultra
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0417

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

عائلة المطوق, جباليا, Al-Moutawaq family, Jabalia, Beit Hanoun, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

Alleged airstrikes from Israeli military aircraft killed between 23 and 35 civilians, including members of three generations of the Al-Moutawaq family, on Saturday, October 21, 2023, in the middle of the night on Masoud Street and Old Gaza Street in the Tal Al-Zaatar area in the east of Jabalia in Gaza. The number of injured civilians remains unknown.

The lowest casualty report came from Almayadeen News within an hour of the strike, although this number continued to rise with other reports throughout the night. The highest civilian death toll was reported in a post on Twitter/X by Ahmed who reported that more than 34 members of the Al-Moutawaq family had been killed.

23 victims’ names were identified by Airwars. The strike reportedly killed 35-year-old Sheikh Ibrahim Maher Sabri Al-Moutawaq, the imam of the Quba Mosque, who was a widely respected and known figure in the north of Gaza. Ibrahim’s three sisters 39-year-old Kafa Maher Sabri Al-Moutawq, 26-year-old Heba Maher Sabri Al-Moutawq, and Khadra Maher Al-Moutawq were also among those killed.

A 19-year-old girl named Tasneem Saeed Yousef Al-Moutawaq was killed alongside her younger sister and brother, 14-year-old Rawan Saeed Yousef Al-Moutawaq and 12-year-old Yousef Saeed Yousef Al-Moutawaq – as well as another brother, whose age is unknown, called Moatasem Saeed Al-Moutawaq.

Three brothers, 35-year-old Sabri Muhammad Sabri Al-Moutawaq, 30-year-old Ismail Muhammad Sabri Al-Moutawaq and 28-year-old Ahmed Muhammad Sabri Al-Moutawaq were killed alongside their sister 44-year-old Amira Muhammad Sabri Al-Moutawaq. Ismail is possibly the father of a 1-year-old girl called Celine Ismail Muhammed Al-Moutawaq, who was killed in the incident.

Three siblings, an eight-year-old girl called Raneen Abdul Rahman Maher Al-Moutawaq, a six-year-old boy called Hamza Abdul Rahman Maher Al-Moutawq and a three-year-old girl called Maryam Abdul Rahman Maher Al-Moutawaq, were killed.

Another set of young siblings, 9-year-old Zakaria Khabab Muhammed Al-Moutawaq and his 3-year-old sister Enas Khabbab Muhammed Al-Moutawaq, were also killed.

Other family members were also identified but couldn’t have their exact relationships verified. Two male family members called Kholoud Al-Moutawaq and Abdul Muti Yousef Al-Abd Al-Moutawaq (aged 49) were killed. Three female family members 63-year-old Etidal Ali Muhammed Al-Moutawaq, Naima Al-Abd Al-Moutawaq and Afnan Muhammad Al-Moutawaq (Nasr), were also reported killed.

Safa News referred to the incident as having killed Ibrahim and “all his family members.”

Quba Mosque posted a condolence message for their Sheikh, Ibrahim Maher Al-Mutawaq – Abu Maher saying, “We knew him in the prayer niche of the mosque, committed to his imamate, diligent in reciting the Qur’an during prayer, adhering to the Sunnah, following the guidance of the beloved Muhammad….We will miss you in every prayer, every Friday, every visit, and every activity.”

A video posted by @AJArabicnet showed the bodies of the dead and wounded being brought to the hospital, including a wounded infant. Multiple other sources mentioned wounded from the strike but none provided a toll.

Dr. Tariq Suleiman noted that the strike took place at 1:15 am with “American barrels and missiles” that were fired by Israeli planes.

The majority of names of victims identified by sources have been reconciled to the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of fatalities published on October 26, 2023, except for Kholoud Al-Moutawaq and Moatasem Saeed Al-Moutawaq.

Where sources identified the belligerent, all sources attributed the strikes to Israeli forces.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured at approximately 1:00 am local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (23)

Ibrahim Maher Sabri Al-Moutawaq إبراهيم ماهر المطوق
35 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 801876798
Kafa Maher Al-Moutawq كفى ماهر المطوق
39 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 800352791
Heba Maher Al-Moutawq هبة ماهر المطوق
26 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 403241532
Khadra Maher Al-Moutawq خضرة ماهر المطوق
Age unknown female killed
Maryam Abdul Rahman Al-Mutawaq مريم عبد الرحمن المطوق
3 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 443195896
Hamza Abdul Rahman Al-Mutawq حمزة عبد الرحمن المطوق
6 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 438921553
Raneen Abdul Rahman Al-Mutawq رنين عبد الرحمن المطوق
8 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 436029185
Youssef Saeed Al-Mutawq يوسف سعيد المطوق
12 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 432334399
Tasneem Saeed Al-Mutawq تسنيم سعيد المطوق
19 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 420450819
Rawan Saeed Al-Mutawq روان سعيد المطوق
14 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 427442777
Moatasem Saeed Al-Mutawq معتصم سعيد المطوق
Age unknown male killed
Ahmed Muhammed Al-Mutawq أحمد محمد المطوق
28 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 400954731
Amira Mohammed Al-Mutawq أميرة محمد المطوق
44 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 903611978
Ismail Muhammad Sabri Al-Mutawq إسماعيل محمد صبري المطوق
30 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 804424190
Sabri Muhammad Sabri Al-Mutawq صبري محمد صبري المطوق
35 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 801913542
Celine Ismail Al-Mutawq سيلين اسماعيل المطوق
1 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 445496565
Enas Khabbab Al-Mutawq إيناس خباب المطوق
3 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 442986410
Zakaria Khabbab Al-Mutawq زكريا خباب المطوق
9 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 434323481
Abdul Muti Yousef Al-Mutawaq عبد المعطي يوسف المطوق
49 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 900336694
Kholoud Al-Mutawq خلود المطوق
Age unknown male killed
Naima Al-Abd Al-Mutawq نعيمة العبد المطوق
24 years old female possible match with MoH ID 405182916 killed Matched to MoH ID 405182916
Afnan Muhammad Al-Mutawq أفنان محمد المطوق
20 years old female Possible match with MoH ID 409311883 killed Matched to MoH ID 409311883
Itidal Ali Al-Mutawq إعتدال علي المطوق
63 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 915846950

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    23 – 35
  • (8–13 children5–8 women5–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (32) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (19) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Royanews news
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    Source: @sabrifarra24
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    Source: Qobaamosque
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Ameer
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    Source: Ameer
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Elham
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    Source: Abu alhareth
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    Source: Tawfiq
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    Source: Fathy Hegazy
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    Source: Permalink
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    Source: Safiruh Al Salam
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    Source: Safiruh Al Salam
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    23 – 35
  • (8–13 children5–8 women5–6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (32) [ collapse]

Incident Code

ISPT0418

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Location

منزل لعائلة النجار بجوار مركز إيواء مدرسة الشيخ جبر غرب محافظة خان يونس جنوبي قطاع غزة, A house for the Al-Najjar family next to the shelter center of Sheikh Jabr School, west of Khan Yunis Governorate, south of the Gaza Strip, Gaza Strip, the Gaza Strip

Airwars assessment

On Saturday, October 21, 2023, seven civilians, including two infants, were reported killed and dozens injured in an alleged Israeli airstrike on the house of the Al-Najjar family next to Sheikh Jabr School in Khan Yunis refugee camp, south of the Gaza Strip.

Among the seven killed were Elham Arafat Ashour (45), her three daughters Janne Hisham Hamouda (infant), Duaa Ahmed Ashour (23), and Baraa Ahmed Ashour (25), her infant granddaughter (Baraa’s daughter) Watin Yasser Abu Al-Fatiya, as well as Tariq Jamal Shehdeh Abu Ishaq (30) and Ziad Wasfi Abu Awad (41).

Although the exact number of civilians injured hasn’t been confirmed by a second source, @Henno01010 on Twitter/X claimed that “7 were killed and 45 others were injured in an Israeli bombing that targeted the Al-Najjar family’s home”. Additionally, Esraa Ahmed (@esraa_ahmrd) and Shehab News Agency (@ShehabAgency) on Twitter/X shared the photos by photographer Nader N Jarghon that showed four of those injured being taken to and treated at a medical facility, including a young child and a baby. Images posted by MSDR News (MsdrNews) on Facebook also showed a number of injured civilians being taken from ambulances into the medical facility.

A Facebook post from Lama Abuhilal reported that Anas Al-Najjar and his family survived the bombing, but did not specify if they were among the injured. Other sources mention that the Al-Najjar home was hit by the strikes.

Multiple sources pointed out that the Sheikh Jabr School near where the strike occurred is a UNRWA school which is sheltering displaced people.

Where possible, Airwars has matched names with the Palestinian Ministry of Health list of nearly 7000 victims’ names and ID numbers released on October 26th.

In cases where sources attributed responsibility for the strike, they held the Israeli military responsible.

Due to the scale and urgency of Airwars’ assessment process, all images have been automatically uploaded to each assessment with the graphic filter applied to protect users. We have also included all images identified from the sources, which may also include any imagery of combatants.

The incident occured during the day.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Elham Arafat Ashour إلهام عرفات عاشور
45 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 901468900
Janne Hisham Hamouda جنة هشام حمودة
0.6 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 444465603
Duaa Ahmed Ashour دعاء أحمد عاشور
23 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 406065987
Baraa Ahmed Ashour براءة أحمد عاشور
25 years old female killed Matched to MoH ID 403290752
Watin Yasser Abu Al-Fatiya وتين ياسر أبو الفتية
Child female killed

The victims were named as:

Tariq Jamal Shehdeh Abu Ishaq طارق جمال شحدة أبو إسحاق
30 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 804683282
Ziad Wasfi Abu Awad زياد وصفي أبو عواد
41 years old male killed Matched to MoH ID 909121410

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    IDP or refugee camp, School, UN facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    45
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Education
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (22) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ShehabAgency
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: ShehabAgency
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    Source: /esraa_ahmrd
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    Source: /esraa_ahmrd
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    Source: /esraa_ahmrd
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    Source: Adan Alrifai
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    Source: Lama.j.abuhilal
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    Source: Lama.j.abuhilal
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: MsdrNews
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    Source: MsdrNews
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: MsdrNews
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: MsdrNews
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    Source: MsdrNews
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    Source: EuropeanARea
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Israeli Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Israeli Military
  • Israeli Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    IDP or refugee camp, School, UN facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    45
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Impact
    Education
    Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
  • Suspected attacker
    Israeli Military

Sources (22) [ collapse]