Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

May 30, 2020

Incident Code

TI036

LOCATION

درلوك, Deralok, Duhok, Iraq

A father and son were killed and another civilian was injured after an alleged Turkish airstrike near the town of Deraluk, Amedi district, on May 30th, 2020, according to local media reports. The victims were Jalal Nuradin, 60, and his son Ahmed Nuradin, 32, reported K24, Christian Peacemaker Teams and Ahval. Khalil Nerway, a relative

Summary

First published
May 30, 2020
Last updated
March 30, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

October 13, 2023

Incident Code

TI098

LOCATION

مخيم مخمور, Makhmur camp, Erbil Governorate , Kurdistan, Iraq

A woman was injured after an alleged Turkish drone strike hit a home in the Makhmur camp at approximately 9:25AM on October 13th, 2023. The woman, 50-year-old Aisha Muhammad Ahmed, was a resident of the camp, which houses between 10,000 to 12,000 displaced Kurds. Her injuries, many of which look to be on her face

Summary

First published
October 13, 2023
Last updated
March 1, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian infrastructure
IDP or refugee camp
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 21, 2022

Incident Code

TI079

LOCATION

مەخموور, Makhmur, Nineveh, Iraq

At least one civilian was killed and seven others were injured in alleged Turkish drone strikes on Makhmur refugee camp on May 21, 2022. In addition, one to two alleged members of the PKK were killed in the same incident. Camp director Nechirvan Mahmoud told AFP that a suspected Turkish drone struck a vehicle in Makhmur

Summary

First published
May 21, 2022
Last updated
August 24, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
7
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
YPG/SDF
Named victims
1 named
Belligerents reported killed
1–2
View Incident

Incident date

April 15, 2023

Incident Code

TI091

LOCATION

بنجوين, Kani Miran, Saliawah and Waryawh, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

Two civilians were killed and two others were injured by alleged Turkish drone strikes on the villages of Kani Miran, Saliawah and Waryawh in Sulaymaniyah on April 15, 2023. The head of the local government in the province of Sulaymaniyah, Haval Abu Bakr, was quoted by a Facebook post from Adil Hamood as announcing that

Summary

First published
April 15, 2023
Last updated
May 12, 2023
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
View Incident

Incident date

June 25, 2020

Incident Code

TI041

LOCATION

كونه ماسي , Kunamasi, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

§§Five or six civilians were allegedly injured by a Turkish airstrike on Kunamasi. Rebaz Majeed tweeted: “The Turkish drones hit a vehicle half an hour ago, belonging to PKK members, in Slemani Province’s Kuna Masi. They also hit a mini market belonging to a local family. 2 are dead and more than 5 are injured

Summary

First published
June 25, 2020
Last updated
October 4, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
5–6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Other
Named victims
1 named
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident

Incident date

February 20, 2024

Incident Code

TI102

LOCATION

قرية كافيا, Kafya, in the Dinatra area of Akre [Akri/Aqra] district of Duhok, Iraq, Duhok, Iraq

Around 18:30 on the evening of Tuesday, February 20th, 2024, an alleged Turkish airstrike killed two elderly men and injured at least one other civilian in the village of Kafya, in the Dinatra area of Akre [Akri/Aqra] District of Duhok, northern Iraq. The two victims were 65-year-old Bashir Omar and 70-year-old Arif Taha, residents of

Summary

First published
February 20, 2024
Last updated
August 6, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
Agriculture
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Food
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 26, 2022

Incident Code

TI080 YI003

LOCATION

زيوا, Ziwa , Duhok, Iraq

At least two children were killed and up to two others, including a child, were injured in alleged Turkish or Kurdish strikes on Ziwa village on May 26, 2022. Birqi Omar, mukhtar (chieftain) of Ziwa village in Amedi town, told Rudaw’s Hunar Rashid that people from nearby areas were picnicking when bombs struck. “As far

Summary

First published
May 26, 2022
Last updated
September 6, 2022
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 3
(2 children)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Turkish Military, YPG
Suspected target
YPG/SDF
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 6, 2023

Incident Code

TI092

LOCATION

قرية جنارتوي, Gnartuy Village, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

On August 6th, 2023, an alleged Turkish drone strike hit Gnartuy village in Suliemaniah province, Iraq; according to Shafaq News, the strike killed one civilian and injured another, while Alaraby and Roj News reported that the strike injured two civilians. Alaraby reported that one civilian was from Halabja and that another held Syrian Kurdish nationality, although

Summary

First published
August 6, 2023
Last updated
September 1, 2023
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
View Incident

Incident date

December 7, 2020

Incident Code

TI052

LOCATION

رشاوه, Vicinity of Reshava, Duhok, Iraq

Three civilians were killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes on the town of Deraluk, Dohuk governorate, on December 7th, 2020, according to local sources. The bodies of the three men were found on December 12th. On December 12th, Roj News reported: “On December 7th, three civilians from the Derelok district of Amed were bombed by Turkish

Summary

First published
December 7, 2020
Last updated
March 30, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(3 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 2, 2024

Incident Code

TI103

LOCATION

باطوفا, a village in Batoufa district within Amadiyah district in Duhok Governorate, Iraq, Duhok, Iraq

On Saturday, March 2, 2024, a farmer was injured due to an airstrike reportedly perpetrated by Turkish forces on villages in the Batoufa district within Amadiyah district in the Duhok governorate located in the south of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. According to sources, the incident happened in mountainous villages where a farmer was injured. No

Summary

First published
March 2, 2024
Last updated
August 6, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
Agriculture
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Food
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
View Incident

Incident date

June 15, 2022

Incident Code

TI081

LOCATION

سنونو, Sunin, Sinjar, Nineveh, Iraq

Between one to five civilians were reportedly killed, and three to ten were injured in Sunin, Sinjar, Iraq, as a result of an attack by a Turkish drone on June 15th 2022.  Up to six militants were also reported killed in this attack. One child, Salah Shifan Khader Nassou, aged 11 or 12, was reported

Summary

First published
June 15, 2022
Last updated
August 10, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 5
(1 child1–2 men)
Civilians reported injured
3–10
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
YPG/SDF
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
Belligerents reported killed
6
View Incident

Incident date

August 6, 2023

Incident Code

TI093

LOCATION

جمانكي, Jamanki area, Duhok, Iraq

On August 6th, 2023, an alleged Turkish airstrike or drone strike in Jamanki, Dohuk governorate struck a car and killed a civilian named Alain Ismail and seriously injured a civilian named Hashem Shaker. According to Altaakhi and Kurdistan 24 reports, Alain Ismail had been married five months before he tragically passed away. Further information about

Summary

First published
August 6, 2023
Last updated
September 1, 2023
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

June 17, 2021

Incident Code

TI038B

LOCATION

سيدان, Sidan, Duhok, Iraq

Three civilians were reported killed in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Sidan village, Amedi district on June 19 th 2020, according to local media reports. Darkamazi.net named the three victims as Aazad Mahdi Shji, Damhat Omar Ormari and Mukhlis Adam Kukri. The source said that “on Friday, June 19th, 2020, the warplanes of the occupying Turkish state

Summary

First published
June 19, 2020
Last updated
March 30, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(3 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
3 named
Belligerents reported killed
2
View Incident

Incident date

March 7, 2024

Incident Code

TI104

LOCATION

قرية ديوكي, Gara mountain, Shiladzi district, Duhok, Duhok, Iraq

On the evening of Thursday, March 7th, 2024, two civilian farmers were killed and one other was injured in an alleged airstrike by the Turkish forces on the village of Deuki near the Gara mountain located in the Shiladzi district, Duhok governorate in southern Kurdistan, Iraq. According to the sources, the director of Shiladzi district,

Summary

First published
March 7, 2024
Last updated
August 6, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian infrastructure
Agriculture
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Food
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named
Belligerents reported injured
1
View Incident

Incident date

June 15, 2022

Incident Code

TI082

LOCATION

برخ, Parakh, Duhok, Iraq

At least two civilians were injured in alleged Turkish shelling of Parak in Duhok’s Zakho district on June 15, 2022. According to Nalia Media Corporation, two people were wounded when Turkish forces bombarded Parakh in Duhok’s Zakho district. The reporter Wahid Sindi said that the two victims are a father and son who were working

Summary

First published
June 15, 2022
Last updated
July 28, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

August 11, 2023

Incident Code

TI094

LOCATION

بنجوين, Penjwin district, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

On August 11, 2023, three civilians, including at least one woman (who may have been under 18), were reportedly killed after being struck by a Turkish drone in the Penjwin district of Sulaymaniyah governorate. According to media coverage of this event, the victims were killed while driving towards the Iranian border. In its coverage of this

Summary

First published
August 11, 2023
Last updated
September 1, 2023
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(1 child1 woman1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 13, 2021

Incident Code

TI062

LOCATION

قلعة دزة, Qalaat Diza, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

At least four people were killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes in the Qalaat Diza region, on the road between the villages of Deka and Kani Lane, on June 13, 2021. While the majority of sources refer to those killed as civilians, Turkish sources allege they five members of the PKK were killed. According to North

Summary

First published
June 13, 2021
Last updated
August 23, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 4
(0–1 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Belligerents reported killed
0–5
View Incident

Incident date

April 14, 2024

Incident Code

TI105

LOCATION

قرية "گەلالە, house of Muhammad Saeed, Galala village, Shuriya valley, Maute district in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

On Sunday, April 14th, 2024, a young Kurdish man named Muhammad Saeed Muhammad was reported dead as a result of an alleged drone strike by the Turkish military on his house located in the village of Galala in the Mawt (Maute) district of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. At 3:07 pm,

Summary

First published
April 14, 2024
Last updated
August 6, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident