All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

April 14, 2017

Incident Code

LC068

LOCATION

درنة الفتايح, Al Fatayah, Darnah, Libya

The LNA reportedly bombed in the Al-Fatayih neighbourhood in Derna near the Faculty of Agriculture, resulting in the death of one six-month-old child. According to Libya Al Khabar, “A child from the eastern Libyan city of Derna died on Friday [April 14th] after falling into a coma after an airstrike close to his family’s home”. Libya

Summary

First published
April 14, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 5, 2015

Incident Code

LC016

LOCATION

درنة, Darnah, Libya

One child died in an alleged LNA airstrike on Darnah, according to local media. The Libya Observer reported: “A baby from the Al-Harir family was killed in a dignity operation airstrike in Darnah. The airstrike targeted the Shabia apartment buildings causing extensive damage to Musa Al-Harir’s apartment and destroying cars parked on the street below.”

Summary

First published
May 5, 2015
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 17, 2019

Incident Code

LC103

LOCATION

مرزق, Murzuq, Libya

One man was reportedly killed and two children injured in an LNA airstrike on Murzuq. Arraed wrote: “A source from Murzuq hospital on Sunday reported the arrival of the body of an elderly man killed by LNA bombing, as well as the wounding of two children with shrapnel. The source, who declined to be named,

Summary

First published
February 17, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 9, 2019

Incident Code

LC107

LOCATION

خلة الفرجان, Khallet Al Furjan, Tarabulus, Libya

One child has reportedly been killed in clashes in Tripoli. Rahaf Mabrouk Ghoma was killed in the Khallet Al Furjan neighbourhood, according to Only Libya. Other sources reported similar accounts. It is unclear whether she was killed by an airstrike or gunfire. Fighting occured between GNA and LNA in the area at the time of

Summary

First published
April 9, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 6, 2014

Incident Code

LC004a

LOCATION

قنفودة, Ganfouda, Benghazi, Libya

According to many local sources, one child was reported killed in an alleged LNA airstrike on the Ganfouda neighbourhood of Benghazi. Alwasat wrote: The house of the brother of MP Amal Muhammad Baiou was shelled in the Ganfouda area, killing Hassan Salah Mohammed Baiou and the house completely collapsed. His family announced that the funeral

Summary

First published
August 6, 2014
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 4, 2017

Incident Code

LC067

LOCATION

الجفرة, Jufra air base, Al Jufrah, Libya

Various sources reported an LNA strike near Al-Jufra that allegedly killed a man and injured four Chadian citizens. However, the sources didn’t give information regarding whether the victims were civilians or not. According to Ali Salim, “there was one dead and four Chadian wounded following night air raids on Al Jufra base.” Ean Libya reported that

Summary

First published
April 4, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
Civilians reported injured
0–4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Al Qaeda In the Maghreb (AQIM)
View Incident

Incident date

July 12, 2016

Incident Code

LC036

LOCATION

درنة‎, Derna, Darnah, Libya

The LNA reported that it had struck Al Qaeda in the western part of Derna. Other sources said the steam station got damaged. One person on Twitter posted an image of a dead child but didn’t give any further details except for saying it was in Derna. The event could be discounted as the footage

Summary

First published
July 12, 2016
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Discounted
Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 19, 2019

Incident Code

LC119

LOCATION

قصر بن غشير, Qasr Bin Gashir, Tarabulus, Libya

One child allegedly died from indiscriminate artillery shelling on Qasr Bin Gashir near Tripoli. Mohamed Al Terhouni posted on Facebook: “Today my wife’s cousin, Radwan Milad Attiya, died because of a mortar shell. My wife’s brother and his cousin were slightly injured.” Mohammed A Alhise said that the two injured were both cousin’s of Attiya.

Summary

First published
April 19, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 14, 2019

Incident Code

LC163

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: شيل خنورة, Tripoli: Shell Khanoura petrol station, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed in a Turkish airstrike on Tripoli. Almanara wrote that LNA forces were being shelled with heavy artillery in the area. TD.Tarhuna said two houses were destroyed by a Turkish aircraft but did not mention civilian harm. Tarhuna 24 reported: “A military aircraft bombing the home of the Aoun family next

Summary

First published
July 14, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 25, 2019

Incident Code

LC125

LOCATION

قصر بن غشير: مصحة العافية, Qasr Bin Gashir: Al Afia Clinic, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reported killed in Qasr Bin Gashir as a result of indiscriminate artillery shelling. Riyadh Burshan said the civilian was killed in front of the Al Afia clinic. As Qasr Bin Gashir was under LNA control at the time of the incident, shelling by GNA forces seems likely.

Summary

First published
April 25, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
View Incident

Incident date

July 29, 2019

Incident Code

LC174

LOCATION

سوق الجمعة , Souq Al Jumaa, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reportedly killed in an LNA artillery strike on the Souq Al Jumaa neighbourhood of Tripoli. Libya Alahrar TV reported: “One person was killed by a Grad rocket attack on a residential neighborhood in the Souq Al Jumaa area in Tripoli.” An Amnesty International investigation later found: “Anwar Mabrouk Mlitan, a 50-year-old carpenter

Summary

First published
July 29, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 16, 2019

Incident Code

LC100a

LOCATION

قصر بن غشير, Qasr Bin Gashir, Tarabulus, Libya

Mahmoud Shalbik, a 23-year-old university student from Tripoli, was reportedly killed during armed clashes in the Libyan capital. While most sources reported he was killed by stray bullet, UNSMIL said the “student at the University of Tripoli, Faculty of Economics, was killed at his home as result of incriminate shelling.” Abdulrahman Ghummied stated on Twitter:

Summary

First published
January 16, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, 7th Brigade
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 10, 2019

Incident Code

LC109

LOCATION

العزيزيه, Aziziyah, Al Jafarah, Libya

A pregnant woman was allegedly killed between Tripoli and Aziziyah by indiscriminate shelling. Al Mashhad Libya reported that “the border between Aziziyah and Tripoli witnessed violent clashes and a number of rocket-propelled grenades fell on the citizens’ homes, and a pregnant woman was killed when as a missile hit a house.” Fighting in the area

Summary

First published
April 10, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

September 20, 2018

Incident Code

LC091

LOCATION

طرابلس‎, Tripoli: Marble Factory, Tarabulus, Libya

Between one and three civilians were reported killed due to indiscriminate artillery shelling in the Al Sabaa neighbourhood of Tripoli. Libya Alaan wrote on Facebook that “a shell just has landed on a marble factory in the Al Sabaa area and killed one and injured three.” Libya 24 reported that the man was Sudanese and

Summary

First published
September 20, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, 7th Brigade
View Incident

Incident date

April 19, 2019

Incident Code

LC120

LOCATION

مدرسة تحرير ليبيا, Tahrer School, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was reportedly killed by indiscriminate artillery shelling on Qasr Bin Gashir. Riyadh Burshan said that Teqwa Abu Bakr Awn died after a shell landed in Qasr Bin Gashir. Libyan News said it was near the School of Liberation. Other sources published similar reports. According to local sources, GNA and LNA were fighting in

Summary

First published
April 19, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 15, 2019

Incident Code

LC164

LOCATION

مسجد الكحيلي, Kahily Mosque, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reported killed in an LNA airstrike on Ain Zara. Tripoli Al Izz wrote: “The death of the young Karim Qashout, born in 1997, one of the staff of the coast of sweets after the bombing of his house in Ain Zara.” February TV said: “One person was killed and members of his

Summary

First published
July 15, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2–5
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 20, 2017

Incident Code

LC071

LOCATION

بين سوكنا وهون, Between Sokna and Hun, Al Jufrah, Libya

Various local sources reported that airstrikes hit numerous targets in the Jufra district, including a farm between Hun and Sokna, Jufra air base, the civil airport and Al-Bunyan al-Marsous headquarters. Some sources claimed the strikes were conducted by the UAE, while others said it was LNA. The number of strikes varies between ten and twelve.

Summary

First published
May 20, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Libyan National Army, United Arab Emirates Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 14, 2017

Incident Code

LC065

LOCATION

راس لانوف, Ras Lanuf, Surt, Libya

Various local sources reported LNA airstrikes on the port area of Ras Lanuf supporting a ground offensive. Raialyoum reported that “a Libyan oil company guard was killed by a bomb attack on the Ras Lanuf area of the oil crescent in central Libya on Tuesday by retired general Khalifa Haftar.” The source added, “The site

Summary

First published
March 14, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

June 18, 2019

Incident Code

LC154

LOCATION

غريان, Gharyan, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

A single source reported that one civilian was killed in a “criminal attack” on an aid convoy in Gheryan, Jabal al Gharbi, on June 18th. According to the source, 218 TV, “a relief convoy carrying food and medicines from the interim government to the western region has been under criminal attack south of the city

Summary

First published
June 18, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
View Incident

Incident date

September 18, 2018

Incident Code

LC090

LOCATION

عين زارة, Ain Zara, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reported killed in renewed militia clashes in the Ain Zara neighbourhood of Tripoli. Alnabaa TV posted on Twitter: “Spokesman for Ambulance and Emergency Department Osama Ali to #Alnabaa: One civilian killed in renewed #Tripoli clashes.” Other sources, such as the Libya Observer, also reported deaths but did not elaborate if they were

Summary

First published
September 18, 2018
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
0–5
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
7th Brigade, Government of National Accord
View Incident

Incident date

January 3, 2017

Incident Code

LC057

LOCATION

قاعدة الجفرة الجوية, Al Jufra Air Base, Al Jufrah, Libya

Various local and international sources reported that an LNA airstrike hit Al-Jufra airbase and a C-130 aircraft with a civil and military delegation from the Misurata Military Council. The strike allegedly killed one member of the delegation and wounded two others. One of the injured was named as Colonel Ibrahim Bayt Al-Mal, the spokesperson of

Summary

First published
January 3, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 28, 2019

Incident Code

LC146

LOCATION

الطويشة, Altwaisha, Tarabulus, Libya

One woman was allegedly killed by GNA shelling on Altwaisha in Qasr Bin Gashir. Tarhuna 24 reported: “The death of Dhuhibs Alus – the wife of Mohammed Khalil al-Hakimi was killed by the fall of shells on their home in the area of Hakeimeh in Altwaisha.” Hona Sog Al-Khmies published a similiar account: “The death

Summary

First published
May 28, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 20, 2019

Incident Code

LC122

LOCATION

وادي الربيع, Wadi al Rabie, Tarabulus, Libya

One man was reportedly killed by indiscrimiante shelling on Tajoura. Libyan News Network said that “Abu Bakr al-Ghoriani from the Wadi al Rabie neighborhood” was killed “after being hit by shrapnel.” Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the perpetrator of the shelling.

Summary

First published
April 20, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

June 20, 2015

Incident Code

LC018b

LOCATION

النوفلية, Nofaliya, Sirte, Libya

On Saturday, June 20, 2015, one civilian was reportedly killed in an alleged General National Congress/Libya Dawn airstrike on a power station in Nofaliya, in the Sirte district of Libya. Russeifa News reported in a post on Facebook that Libya Dawn military aircraft strikes the electricity building in the Nofaliya area, resulting the death of

Summary

First published
June 20, 2018
Last updated
June 27, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
General National Congress (GNC)
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 30, 2017

Incident Code

LC075

LOCATION

الحدود الليبية المصرية, Libyan-Egyptian border, Al Kufrah, Libya

Two sources reported that the Egyptian Air Force destroyed six vehicles at the border with Egypt in the Kufra district. One of them claimed that it had loaded weapons and ammunition while another claimed it was a civilian car coming back from a fishing trip. Mansoura Today reported, for example, that “Yesterday, the air force

Summary

First published
October 30, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
Civilians reported injured
0–1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Egyptian Military
View Incident

Incident date

March 14, 2015

Incident Code

LC014a

LOCATION

العسة, Al Assah, An Nuqat al Khams, Libya

On Saturday, March 14, 2015, one man named Alaa Belkhair was reported killed and six people were injured in an alleged Libyan National Army airstrike on Al Assah near Zuwara, northwestern Libya. Zuwara News wrote on Facebook that “an aeroplane just hit the Al-Assah area and resulted in the death of one man from Misurata

Summary

First published
March 14, 2015
Last updated
June 27, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 12, 2019

Incident Code

LC112

LOCATION

قصر بن غشير, Qasr Bin Gashir, Tarabulus, Libya

Othman Mesbah Akak was reportedly killed by indiscriminate artillery shelling on Qasr Bin Gashir. Riyadh Burshan said that the died from a shell falling on his house. Local reporting points at the GNA or the LNA as the perpetrator of the shelling.

Summary

First published
April 12, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 27, 2019

Incident Code

LC187

LOCATION

العزيزية‎, Aziziya, Al Jafarah, Libya

One civilian was reportedly killed in an LNA airstrike on Aziziya. Libya Alahrar TV wrote that one person was injured in the attack. The Libya Observer said: “Breaking News: A drone belonging to warlord Khalifa Haftar destroys an ambulance for the field hospital in Aziziya region, south Tripoli, killing its driver.” Hona Souq Al-Khmies reported

Summary

First published
August 27, 2019
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
Civilians reported injured
0–1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

March 30, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-055

LOCATION

خوروم, Khorum, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

A toddler, the 18-months old Sirajuddin al-Sweisi, was reportedly killed in a NATO airstrike on Brega. The Boston News wrote: “Nizha Abdel-Salam and her family say her 18-month old son Sirajuddin al-Sweisi was killed when debris pierced the wall of their home as NATO airstrikes hit an ammunition [dump] near their village of Khorum early

Summary

First published
March 30, 2011
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 child)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
NATO forces
Suspected target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 3, 2017

Incident Code

LC062

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Benghazi: Ganfouda 12 building complex, Benghazi, Libya

A woman reportedly died on March 5th after she sustained severe injuries from shrapnel after an airstrike on March 3rd from what was described as a foreign aircraft. The aircraft hit the 12 Buildings in Ganfouda approximately on March 3rd in support of the LNA campaign. Alnabaa reported: “On Sunday, one of the women trapped

Summary

First published
March 3, 2017
Last updated
January 18, 2022
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
View Incident