Research

All major publications from Airwars’ documentation, research, investigations and policy teams

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80 posts Clear all filters
18 Jun, 2025
Investigations, Policy
Yemen

The U.S. killed almost as many civilians in 52 days as the previous 23 years of U.S. action in Yemen

How does Trump’s eight-week bombing campaign compare to the history of U.S. military action in Yemen?
15 Apr, 2025
Policy, Update

Airwars and PAX launch major new assessment tool for state efforts to protect civilians

Civilian Protection Monitor offers new framework to assess how states protect civilians from their military actions
11 Apr, 2025
Policy
Iraq

The Netherlands apologises for involvement in Hawija airstrike and lays out further reforms

Writing for Just Security, Airwars Policy Specialist Megan Karlshoej-Pedersen delves into recent developments in the Netherlands
3 Apr, 2025
Investigations, Policy
Yemen

What the chats signal about Trump’s Yemen bombing campaign

Ignore the leaked messages - Trump's campaign is far more deadly than Biden's
14 Mar, 2025
Policy

Dutch MoD releases results of largest ever assessment of civilian harm allegations from the war against ISIS

Release marks unprecedented transparency in military casualty reviews
12 Dec, 2024
Policy, Report, Research
Israel, Palestinian territories

Patterns of harm analysis – Gaza, October 2023

Analysis finds first month of Gaza bombing campaign among the most intense and destructive in modern warfare
9 Oct, 2024
Investigations, Policy
Israel, Palestinian territories

The Killings They Tweeted

Matching Israeli military strike footage to civilian casualties on the ground to reveal full human cost of 'precise' campaign
1 Oct, 2024
Policy, Research

Annex: Patterns of Civilian Harm in Gaza, October 2023

Annex This is an expedited annex of all evidence and data from a forthcoming Airwars report on patterns of civilian harm from October 2023, in the Gaza Strip. The report will be published in the coming weeks. Update: Airwars’ Gaza Patterns of Harm report can now be read online here.   Annex-1: Patterns of Death, […]
24 Jul, 2024
Investigations, Policy
Israel, Palestinian territories

One Name, Two Lists

Cross-referencing open source evidence with Gaza Health Ministry data finds early Ministry death figures largely accurate
24 May, 2024
Policy

Policy recommendations to meaningfully mitigate civilian harm in military operations: a view from the Netherlands (part II)

Writing for Opinio Juris, Airwars' Board Member and Policy Specialist analyse latest Dutch developments
24 May, 2024
Policy

Policy recommendations to meaningfully mitigate civilian harm in military operations: a view from the Netherlands (part I)

Writing for Opinio Juris, Airwars' Board Member and Policy Specialist analyse latest Dutch developments
23 May, 2024
Policy

Looking back to look forward: recommendations for the Dutch MoD on civilian harm mitigation

The results of a four-year review with the Dutch military
1 May, 2024
Policy, Research
Iraq, Somalia, Syria, Yemen

Analysis: U.S. declares its military actions worldwide killed no civilians in 2022

The US declares its military actions in 2022 resulted in no civilians killed or injured. Airwars finds otherwise
1 May, 2024
Policy
Yemen

US-UK strikes in Yemen raise questions about commitments on civilian harm mitigation

Writing for Just Security, Airwars' Policy Specialist raises questions on US and UK commitments to civilian protection in Yemen
18 Apr, 2024
Policy

Workshop report: exploring military perspectives on the Explosive Weapons declaration

Proposals explore implementing the explosive weapons declaration and better protecting civilians
7 Mar, 2024
Investigations, Policy
Afghanistan

The bombing of Quala 4131

Visual retelling of 2007 Dutch bombing in Afghanistan that killed at least 11 civilians, later ruled unlawful by Dutch court
26 Feb, 2024
Policy, Research
Palestinian territories

Two weeks under scrutiny: Patterns of harm reported in Gaza following ICJ ruling

Palestinian civilians were killed every day during the two weeks following the International Court of Justice ruling on Gaza, analysis finds
31 Jan, 2024
Policy
Libya

Airwars/Altinget investigation sparks Danish civilian harm review

Danish Armed Forces ordered to conduct a formal review of the allegations
25 Jan, 2024
Investigations, Policy
Libya

Denmark admits role in NATO airstrikes on Libya that killed 14 civilians in 2011

Exposing the Danish military's role in 2011 Libya airstrikes that killed 14 civilians
22 Dec, 2023
Policy
Iraq

Dutch Ministry of Defence announces new civilian harm reporting mechanisms

Process should allow civilians and NGOs to formally report allegations of military-caused harm
24 Nov, 2023
Investigations, Policy, Update
Syria

Tribunal notice: Airwars to challenge UK refusal over civilian harm next week

Case brought to contest Ministry of Defence's lack of transparency on civilian harm processes
Palestinians inspect the ruins of Watan Tower destroyed in Israeli airstrikes in Gaza city, on October 8, 2023 (Wafa).
21 Nov, 2023
Investigations, Policy
Israel, Palestinian territories

No safe place – tracking civilian harm in southern Gaza

Tracking civilians killed in Gaza's designated 'safe zones' and how supposed havens became sites of fatal strikes
31 Jul, 2023
Policy, Research
Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria

Impossible standards: An analysis of the US military’s Baghdadi raid review

Unrealistic US standards for confirming civilian harm make it nearly impossible to acknowledge civilian casualties
14 Jul, 2023
Policy

United Nations urges states to support casualty recording

Breakthrough report directly links casualty recording and human rights obligations
3 Jul, 2023
Policy
Syria

Airwars joins call for a robust and transparent investigation in response to recent US strike in Syria

Coalition of rights groups demands Pentagon accountability after strike on 'Al-Qaeda leader' kills Syrian farmer
23 Jun, 2023
Policy, Research
Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria

“This is not a small mistake”

Declassified Pentagon files reveal systemic failures in target identification that led to civilian deaths, from mistaking children for weapons to faulty surveillance
5 Jun, 2023
Policy
Iraq

Hawijah: Eight years on, civilians are still waiting for answers

Nearly a decade after deadly Dutch strike, survivors fight for recognition
18 May, 2023
Policy, Research
Ukraine

Patterns of civilian harm from alleged Russian actions in Kharkiv oblast

Russian forces killed hundreds of Kharkiv civilians during the 2022 invasion, research finds
5 Apr, 2023
Policy, Update
Iraq, Syria

Airwars to challenge UK’s refusal to reveal details of sole civilian harm incident in ISIS war

Freedom of Information case step towards accountability for victims' families
4 Apr, 2023
Investigations, Policy
Iraq, Syria

Only official civilian victim of UK’s bombing campaign against IS appears not to exist

Two-year investigation finds major flaws in British government's official narrative