Research

All major publications from Airwars’ documentation, research, investigations and policy teams

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305194
21 Nov, 2025
Policy

Toolkit launch: Operationalising the declaration on civilian harm from explosive weapons in populated areas

Airwars and Article 36 launch new practical implementation resource for the EWIPA declaration.
300339
ceasefire.org ↗
11 Nov, 2025
Policy, Report

Civilian harm mitigation in large-scale combat operations: lessons for UK defence

Writing for Ceasefire, Airwars' Policy Specialist lays out noticeable gaps in the UK approach to tracking, mitigating, and responding to civilian harm
287711
civilianprotectionmonitor.org ↗
24 Oct, 2025
Policy

Civilian harm in the campaign against ISIS: An updated transparency audit

Airwars' policy volunteer Jessica Garlasco reviews current transparency mechanisms in major militaries
228428
justsecurity.org ↗
14 Aug, 2025
Policy

In preparing for large-scale conflicts, states neglect lessons on civilian protection at their peril

Airwars' Policy Specialist and colleagues at the Civilian Protection Monitor set out the continued need for civilian protection in large-scale wars
220970
civilianprotectionmonitor.org ↗
6 Aug, 2025
Policy

The Netherlands expands its civilian harm mitigation and response mechanisms

Writing on the Civilian Protection Monitor, Airwars' policy specialist analyses new developments in the Netherlands
179115
airwars.org ↗
18 Jun, 2025
Investigations, Policy

The U.S. killed almost as many civilians in 52 days as the previous 23 years of U.S. action in Yemen

How does Trump’s eight-week bombing campaign compare to the history of U.S. military action in Yemen?
141085
15 Apr, 2025
Policy, Update

Airwars and PAX launch major new assessment tool for state efforts to protect civilians

Civilian Protection Monitor offers new framework to assess how states protect civilians from their military actions
173139
justsecurity.org ↗
11 Apr, 2025
Policy

The Netherlands apologises for involvement in Hawija airstrike and lays out further reforms

Writing for Just Security, Airwars Policy Specialist Megan Karlshoej-Pedersen delves into recent developments in the Netherlands
173679
airwars.org ↗
3 Apr, 2025
Investigations, Policy

What the chats signal about Trump’s Yemen bombing campaign

Ignore the leaked messages - Trump's campaign is far more deadly than Biden's
135979
14 Mar, 2025
Policy

Dutch MoD releases results of largest ever assessment of civilian harm allegations from the war against ISIS

Release marks unprecedented transparency in military casualty reviews
126307
airwars.org ↗
12 Dec, 2024
Policy, Report, Research

Patterns of harm analysis – Gaza, October 2023

Analysis finds first month of Gaza bombing campaign among the most intense and destructive in modern warfare
118169
airwars.org ↗
9 Oct, 2024
Investigations, Policy

The Killings They Tweeted

Matching Israeli military strike footage to civilian casualties on the ground to reveal full human cost of 'precise' campaign
126303
1 Oct, 2024
Policy, Research

Annex: Patterns of Civilian Harm in Gaza, October 2023

Annex This is an expedited annex of all evidence and data from a forthcoming Airwars report on patterns of civilian harm from October 2023, in the Gaza Strip. The report will be published in the coming weeks. Update: Airwars’ Gaza Patterns of Harm report can now be read online here.   Annex-1: Patterns of Death, […]
111907
airwars.org ↗
24 Jul, 2024
Investigations, Policy

One Name, Two Lists

Cross-referencing open source evidence with Gaza Health Ministry data finds early Ministry death figures largely accurate
173201
opiniojuris.org ↗
24 May, 2024
Policy

Policy recommendations to meaningfully mitigate civilian harm in military operations: a view from the Netherlands (part II)

Writing for Opinio Juris, Airwars' Board Member and Policy Specialist analyse latest Dutch developments
173201
opiniojuris.org ↗
24 May, 2024
Policy

Policy recommendations to meaningfully mitigate civilian harm in military operations: a view from the Netherlands (part I)

Writing for Opinio Juris, Airwars' Board Member and Policy Specialist analyse latest Dutch developments
110513
23 May, 2024
Policy

Looking back to look forward: recommendations for the Dutch MoD on civilian harm mitigation

The results of a four-year review with the Dutch military
110186
1 May, 2024
Policy, Research
Iraq, Somalia, Syria, Yemen

Analysis: U.S. declares its military actions worldwide killed no civilians in 2022

The US declares its military actions in 2022 resulted in no civilians killed or injured. Airwars finds otherwise
173173
justsecurity.org ↗
1 May, 2024
Policy

US-UK strikes in Yemen raise questions about commitments on civilian harm mitigation

Writing for Just Security, Airwars' Policy Specialist raises questions on US and UK commitments to civilian protection in Yemen
173582
18 Apr, 2024
Policy

Workshop report: exploring military perspectives on the Explosive Weapons declaration

Proposals explore implementing the explosive weapons declaration and better protecting civilians
173600
airwars.org ↗
7 Mar, 2024
Investigations, Policy

The bombing of Quala 4131

Visual retelling of 2007 Dutch bombing in Afghanistan that killed at least 11 civilians, later ruled unlawful by Dutch court
106074
26 Feb, 2024
Policy, Research
Palestinian territories

Two weeks under scrutiny: Patterns of harm reported in Gaza following ICJ ruling

Palestinian civilians were killed every day during the two weeks following the International Court of Justice ruling on Gaza, analysis finds
86454
31 Jan, 2024
Policy
Libya

Airwars/Altinget investigation sparks Danish civilian harm review

Danish Armed Forces ordered to conduct a formal review of the allegations
101677
25 Jan, 2024
Investigations, Policy
Libya

Denmark admits role in NATO airstrikes on Libya that killed 14 civilians in 2011

Exposing the Danish military's role in 2011 Libya airstrikes that killed 14 civilians
98081
22 Dec, 2023
Policy
Iraq

Dutch Ministry of Defence announces new civilian harm reporting mechanisms

Process should allow civilians and NGOs to formally report allegations of military-caused harm
88011
24 Nov, 2023
Investigations, Policy, Update
Syria

Tribunal notice: Airwars to challenge UK refusal over civilian harm next week

Case brought to contest Ministry of Defence's lack of transparency on civilian harm processes
94908 Palestinians inspect the ruins of Watan Tower destroyed in Israeli airstrikes in Gaza city, on October 8, 2023 (Wafa).
21 Nov, 2023
Investigations, Policy
Israel, Palestinian territories

No safe place – tracking civilian harm in southern Gaza

Tracking civilians killed in Gaza's designated 'safe zones' and how supposed havens became sites of fatal strikes
91765
31 Jul, 2023
Policy, Research
Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria

Impossible standards: An analysis of the US military’s Baghdadi raid review

Unrealistic US standards for confirming civilian harm make it nearly impossible to acknowledge civilian casualties
91654
14 Jul, 2023
Policy

United Nations urges states to support casualty recording

Breakthrough report directly links casualty recording and human rights obligations
84862
3 Jul, 2023
Policy
Syria

Airwars joins call for a robust and transparent investigation in response to recent US strike in Syria

Coalition of rights groups demands Pentagon accountability after strike on 'Al-Qaeda leader' kills Syrian farmer