In the Amnesty and Airwars’s joint April 2019 report “War in Raqqa: Rhetoric versus Reality”, one civilian was reportedly killed in alleged Coalition artillery strikes in Raqqa. Although Airwars assesses single sourced incidents as “weak”, researchers have assessed this incident “fair” due to the depth of material provided by Amnesty.

According to the report, “Firas Hsein al-Yasfo, 17, killed in his home while sleeping at 4am by an artillery shell.”

His mother, Umm Firas, gave a testimony of his death to Amnesty, “Shells were falling here and there. He was just sleeping.”