All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

July 22, 2022

Incident Code

LC434

LOCATION

زاوية الدهماني, Zawiyat Al Dahmani, Tarabulus, Libya

Civil casualties resulted from unknown shelling of the radio building in Zawiya al-Dahmani on July 22, 2022. @AnisAbdaljawad reported that shells fell next to the radio station, Zawiya al-Dahmani. @taqarifatnews quoted the spokesman for the Emergency and Ambulance Service, Osama Ali, who stated that the shelling next to the radio building caused casualties. No other additional

Summary

First published
July 22, 2022
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

April 29, 2019

Incident Code

LC132

LOCATION

السواني, Al Swani, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was allegedly injured, likely because of indiscriminate artillery shelling on Al Swani. 218 TV reported: “The field medicine and support center announced that its medical team had treated a child injured as a result of armed clashes in the suburbs of Tripoli on Monday. The center also announced in its Facebook page that

Summary

First published
April 29, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

August 31, 2018

Incident Code

LC086

LOCATION

طرابلس: فندق الودان, Tripoli: Al Wadan hotel, Tarabulus, Libya

On Friday, August 31, 2018, three civilians were reportedly injured from artillery shelling on the Al Wadan hotel in Tripoli, Libya. Sky News reported the hotel in the centre of Tripoli was bombed “indiscriminately”, injuring at least three people amid fighting between rival militias aspiring to take power in the Libyan capital. The rocket hit

Summary

First published
August 31, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, 7th Brigade
View Incident

Incident date

December 24, 2019

Incident Code

LC259

LOCATION

منطقة بـئر الأسطى ميـلاد, Vicinity of Bi’r Al Austa Milad road, Tarabulus, Libya

On Tuesday, December 24, 2019, drone or artillery strikes, reportedly conducted by the Libyan National Army or the United Arab Emirates in the vicinity of Bi’r Al Austa Milad road, Tajoura, Libya, killed up to four civilians including two women and injured 12 other non-combatants according to local reports. A vegetable market and civilian cars

Summary

First published
December 24, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Airstrike and/or Artillery, Drone Strike
Infrastructure
Market
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(0–1 children2 women0–1 men)
Civilians reported injured
12
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Impact
Food
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerents
Libyan National Army, United Arab Emirates Military
Named victims
15 named, 2 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

April 13, 2019

Incident Code

LC113

LOCATION

السواني, Al Swani, Tarabulus, Libya

Four civilians were reportedly killed by indiscriminate artillery shelling on Al Swani. Riyadh Burshan said that “on Saturday that 4 civilians were killed after being hit by shrapnel from indiscriminate shelling.” Arraed news published a similar report. Local reports indicate that shelling from both GNA and LNA occurred in the area.

Summary

First published
April 13, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

May 25, 2023

Incident Code

LC434

LOCATION

السيدة زينب, Al Saida Zainab, Al Zawiyah, Libya

A civilian was slightly injured, in addition to several personnel affiliated with the ministry, by declared Government of National Unity (GNU)/Turkish drone or air strikes near the Sayeda Zeinab area on May 25, 2023. A tweet from @wady_dynar quoted spokesman for the Ambulance and Emergency Service, Osama Ali, who reported that “a person was slightly injured as a

Summary

First published
May 25, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
GNA/Turkish Military
View Incident

Incident date

May 3, 2019

Incident Code

LC133

LOCATION

الكريمية, Al Keramiya, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was allegedly injured by indiscriminate artillery shelling in Al Keramia area. FMSC reported: “A child was injured as a result of the armed clashes and treated by the medical team in a field clinic of the field medicine and support center.” Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the

Summary

First published
May 3, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

June 20, 2015

Incident Code

LC018b

LOCATION

النوفلية, Nofaliya, Sirte, Libya

On Saturday, June 20, 2015, one civilian was reportedly killed in an alleged General National Congress/Libya Dawn airstrike on a power station in Nofaliya, in the Sirte district of Libya. Russeifa News reported in a post on Facebook that Libya Dawn military aircraft strikes the electricity building in the Nofaliya area, resulting the death of

Summary

First published
June 20, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
General National Congress (GNC)
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 19, 2019

Incident Code

LC201a

LOCATION

مرزق, Murzuq, Libya

The US conducted a rare action against militant targets in Libya in September 2019, striking what it later said was “a terrorist facilitation and meeting location consisting of ISIS-Libya terrorist leadership and militants.” In April 2020, US Africa Command reported that no civilians were harmed in this action near Murzuq on September 19th, 2019 –

Summary

First published
September 19, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Discounted
Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
ISIS - Libya
Belligerents reported killed
8–10
View Incident

Incident date

April 15, 2019

Incident Code

LC116

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: أبو سليم, Tripoli: Abu Salim, Tarabulus, Libya

Between one and six civilians were allegedly injured by indiscriminate artillery shelling on Tripoli. Libya 24 TV reported: “On Monday, the municipal council of Abu Salim announced that five random shells had been fired at the residential area adjacent to Repsol, one of which hit a residential apartment for a family of six. The media

Summary

First published
April 15, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1–6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

May 28, 2023

Incident Code

LC435

LOCATION

الماية, Al Maya, Al Zawiyah, Libya

As many as seven civilians were injured by alleged airstrikes carried out by the Government of National Unity on a port in Al Maya the evening of May 28, 2023. Between two and five members of the Coast Guard/Stability Support Agency were also killed in the airstrikes. A tweet from @rgowans reported that with the

Summary

First published
May 28, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
None known
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3–7
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
Named victims
3 named
Belligerents reported killed
2–5
View Incident

Incident date

May 5, 2019

Incident Code

LC135

LOCATION

جسر الزهراء, Al Zahra Bridge, Tarabulus, Libya

One man was allegedly injured by an airstrike on Al-Swani. FMSC reported: “An elderly man was injured by shrapnel as a result of aerial bombardment near al-Zahra bridge in the Al-Swani area.” Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the perpetrator.  

Summary

First published
May 5, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

March 14, 2015

Incident Code

LC014a

LOCATION

العسة, Al Assah, An Nuqat al Khams, Libya

On Saturday, March 14, 2015, one man named Alaa Belkhair was reported killed and six people were injured in an alleged Libyan National Army airstrike on Al Assah near Zuwara, northwestern Libya. Zuwara News wrote on Facebook that “an aeroplane just hit the Al-Assah area and resulted in the death of one man from Misurata

Summary

First published
March 14, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 5, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-135

LOCATION

مسكن مصطفى ناجي المرابط, Mustafa Naji Al Morabit, Marqab, Libya

Two children and their mother were allegedly killed in a NATO airstrike on Zliten. The Telegraph said: “Residents from the town said the strike happened just after 6am, killing brothers Mohammed, three, and Moataz, five, and their mother Ibtisam. Moussa Ibrahim, Libyan government spokesman, accused Nato of bombing civilian targets frequently. He said: In the

Summary

First published
August 5, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(2 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

April 16, 2019

Incident Code

LC117

LOCATION

محطة وقود البوعيشي, Al Buashi gas station, Tarabulus, Libya

An elder woman was reported killed and between one and four civilians injured from indiscriminate artillery shelling on Ain Zara. Aksa Net posted a video with a man claiming the death of the woman. Riyadh Burshan said one woman was injured and posted images of the site of the incident. Tk yhrog kl shy2 wrote:

Summary

First published
April 16, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
1–4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

May 29, 2023

Incident Code

LC436

LOCATION

عين زارة, Ain Zara, Tarabulus, Libya

A civilian man was injured by shelling between “Al Radaa” and “Brigade 444”, one of which is loyal to the Government of National Unity, which struck his home in Ain Zara on May 29, 2023. A tweet from @ObservatoryLY reported that a house in Ain Zara was hit by a shell during clashes between “Al

Summary

First published
May 29, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Government of National Accord
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

May 12, 2019

Incident Code

LC138

LOCATION

ناصر, Naser, Al Zawiyah, Libya

Up to three civilians were allegedly killed in an airstrike on Naser. Different sources accused the LNA, UAE or Egypt. Ibrahim Kasuda said: “The UAE assault plane targets a citizen’s car in the village of Naser in the south of Zawiya, killing all in the car and the supporters of Haftar describe it as an

Summary

First published
May 12, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Libyan National Army, Unknown, Egyptian Military
Named victims
2 named
View Incident