Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

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Incident Code

RS1441

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

حي الكلاسة, Al Kalassa (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1923129, 37.1477151 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Six civilians died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Aleppo’s Al Kalassa neighbourhood, local media reported.

According to LCCSY, there were “six martyrs and some wounded, most of them still stuck under the rubble, after Russian warplanes carried out bunker buster missile attacks on Kalasah neighborhood.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that “suspected Russian warplanes fired missiles on Al Sabhan Mosque in Al Kalaseh neighborhood in Aleppo city, damaging it severely and rendering it inoperable”.

Shahba added that an unspecified number of civilians were wounded as a result of Russian strikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • An image depicting serious damage to civilian homes in the aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Al Kalassa, Oct 12th (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1440

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.180995, 37.151892 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In what local media referred to as a “massacre”, up to 50 civilians died and as many as 51 more were wounded in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes which hit a popular vegetable market and residential buildings in Aleppo’s Al Ferdos neighbourhood.

Halab News listed 45 bodies as a result of the strikes, with other reports stating that the market was attacked when it was full of hundreds of people going about their shopping and daily life.

Reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Syrian regime were responsible for the raids, though several noted that Russian warplanes returned after the initial attack and struck again as the civil defence were attempting to rescue tens of people from under the rubble.

Media outlets published numerous images depicting widespread destruction to the area, along with graphic photographs of victims – including children – being treated in medical facilities.

Aranews, All4Syria, the Smart News Agency and the Step News Agency were among many sources attributing this event to Moscow. Death counts varied from eight to more than 14 – though Baladi gave the highest death toll of 50 non-combatants.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights initially blamed “government warplanes and its allies”, though subsequent reports pointed to “suspected Russian forces”.

However, Albouzizi and the Syrian Press Center blamed the Assad regime, as did the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which referred to “an aerial bombing and shelling by regime forces”.

Halab News named 3 victims and listed 42 civilian fatalities as unidentified, saying they were killed “following Russian enemy raids with bunker busting missiles on al Ferdos neighbourhood”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Walid al Thalji
Child killed
Rimas al Thalji
Child killed
Khaled al Thalji
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    45 – 50
  • (2–4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    11–51
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (37) [ collapse]

  • White Helmets at the scene, in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous, Oct 12th (via Spm-syr news)
  • An image showing the market which was destroyed in the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Al Fardous, Oct 12th (via Spm-syr news)
  • An image showing the market which was destroyed in the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Al Fardous, Oct 12th (via Spm-syr news)
  • Damage caused by the alleged raid on 12th October 2016. (via Spm-syr news)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The bodies of civilian casualties are covered up in the aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid which hit Al Fardous on 12th October 2016. (via Albouzizi)
  • An image showing damage to the infrastructure following the alleged raid. (via All4Syria)
  • Women are seen crying in the streets following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Al Fardous vegetable market. (via Syrianpc)
  • A man amongst the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • A man clearing the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • A man amongst the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • A member of the White Helmets searches the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • The aftermath of the targeted attack on the market in Al Fardous. (via Smart News)
  • A man amongst the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • Civilians stand amongst the rubble in Al Fardous following an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Smart News)
  • Moments after the alleged raid on 12th October 2016. (via Syrian newsdesk)
  • A news bulletin documenting the alleged Russian and Syrian regime airstrikes on Al Fardous. (via JisirTV)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)
  • A civilian sat in the rubble in shock following an alleged raid which killed 45-50 people. (via AMC)
  • Civilians attempt to clear up the rubble in the aftermath of the incident. (via AMC)
  • A civilian sat in the rubble in shock following an alleged raid which killed 45-50 people. (via AMC)
  • The aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured civilians receive medical care following raids on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded man revives medical treatment in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded man revives medical treatment in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded man revives medical treatment in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded man revives medical treatment in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via AMC)
  • An image of the market which was struck by alleged Russian and Syrian regime warplanes. (via YasserAl-Ahmad)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A wounded man revives medical treatment in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Al Fardous which killed between 45 and 50 people. (via YasserAl-Ahmad)
  • An image of the market which was struck by alleged Russian and Syrian regime warplanes. (via YasserAl-Ahmad)
  • The aftermath of the alleged raid. (via YasserAl-Ahmad)
  • An image of the market which was struck by alleged Russian and Syrian regime warplanes. (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    45 – 50
  • (2–4 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    11–51
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1438

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

Al Maysar, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.212011, 37.171227 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Street level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and several more were wounded in an alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrike on Aleppo’s al Mayssar neighbourhood, local media reported.

According to the Shaam News Network on October 12th, “Russian and Assad aircraft did not stop from flying in the skies of Aleppo and its countryside and launched dozens of air raids”. SNN said that two people died as a result in the al Mayssar neighbourhood.

Halab News blamed Russian “bunker busting missiles” for the deaths of two civilians including one unidentified. 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Abu Bahr Ma’yuf
Age unknown named by Halab News killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1439

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

القاطرجي, Al Qaterji (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1995518, 37.1815538 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died in an alleged Russian or regime airstrike on Aleppo’s Al Qaterji neighbourhood, according to sources on the ground.

More than one source suggested the use of “phosphorus missiles” which is intentionally banned. 

Halab News listed two unidentified civilians as killed “following Russian enemy raids with bunker busting missiles”.

According to the Shaam News Network on October 12th, “Russian and Assad aircraft did not stop from flying in the skies of Aleppo and its countryside and launched dozens of air raids”. SNN said that two people died as a result in the al Qaterji neighbourhood.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1437

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

جرجناز, Jarjanaz, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.617076, 36.783132 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians, a mother and her two children, were reported killed in an alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrike on Jarjanaz.

Shahba reported: “Two children were killed with their mom in a Russian warplanes shelling in Jarjanaz and others wounded.” Halab Today TV published a similar report.

All of the other sources reported that a woman and her two children were killed in the strike.

LCCSY, for example, wrote: “a woman and two children were martyred and dozens of others wounded due to Russian airstrikes with highly explosive rockets on Jarjanaz town east of Maarat Al Numan.”

However, Qasioun blamed the regime for the three deaths.

Anasanas84 tweeted that a man was found alive under the rubble, but his wife and two children died in the attack. The source added that the victims were displaced from Soran in Hama.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    8–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • The immediate aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid in Jarjanaz, Oct 12th (via Smart News)
  • The immediate aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid in in Jarjanaz, Oct 12th (via All4Syria)
  • The immediate aftermath of an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid. (via Syrian News Desk)
  • A crater formed by an airstrike. (via Omar Alwan1)
  • Footage showing the damage to civilian homes in the aftermath of the alleged raid. (via Maara Media Centre)
  • Damaged vehicles due to the alleged raid. (via Alidddd99)
  • Civilians stand by the crater which was formed by the alleged missile which hit Jarjanaz. (via Alidddd99)
  • Civilians stand by the crater which was formed by the alleged missile which hit Jarjanaz. (via Alidddd99)
  • Civilians stand by the crater which was formed by the alleged missile which hit Jarjanaz. (via Halab Today)
  • Footage showing the scale of destruction to civilian homes. (via EMC)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Jarjanaz (بنان), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.617076, 36.783132. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    8–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1436

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

تلبيسة, Talbisah, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.8420186, 36.711974 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between one and five civilians were reported killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime air or artillery strikes on Talbissa.

Smart News wrote that “one civilian was killed and 10 were wounded due to regime warplanes and artillery shelling in Talbisa.”

Almarsad Alsori Almowahad named a male victim on Twitter and posted a picture of him.

Smart News reported the highest death toll of five.

Al Jazeera, Shmhd1 and Alkalser blamed Russia for the attack. Other sources didn’t name a belligerent or accused the Syrian regime.

According to Shmhd1, a girl was wounded in the attack. Rozenaeemi tweeted an image of the “child, Aya, looking for her father after being taken to hospital”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mohammed Al-Hashould
Adult male named byAlmarsad Alsori Almowahad killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammed Al-Hashould, moments before he died in a strike on Talbissa, oct 12th (via Talbisa h)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A girl injured in the alleged raid on Talbasiah. (via Shmhd1)
  • Almost the exact moment the alleged raid hit. (via Talbisa h)
  • Almost the exact moment the alleged raid hit. (via Motasem Homs)
  • Civil defence putting out a fire and searching through the rubble not long after the alleged raid. (via Talbisa h)
  • Almost the exact moment the alleged raid hit. (via Baladi)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammed Al-Hashould, killed in an alleged Russian ans Syrian regime raid on Talbisha. (via Almarsad Alsori Almowahad)
  • Almost the exact moment the alleged raid hit. (via SRG)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1435

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

كفرلاها, Kafr Laha, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.88305556, 36.5 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Five or six civilians were reported killed in air and artillery strikes on Kafr Laha, according to sources on the ground.

All but one source blamed the regime for this incident, though the Shaam News Network said that “Russian and Assad warplanes” launched strikes on areas of Homs including Kafr Laha.

Al Jazeera put the death toll at six, while the Shaam News Network published the same number, saying that one of the female victims was pregnant.

In addition, between six and 24 people were reported wounded.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Abdullah Abdulrazak Ismaeil
Child male named by Homs Media Centre killed
Salam Mohammed Al-Suleiman
Child named by Homs Media Centre killed
Fatima Al Ali
Age unknown female amed by Microsyria and SDUsyria killed
Amina Abdur-Rahman Fares
Age unknown female amed by Microsyria and SDUsyria killed
Rafida Mohammed Ibrahim
Age unknown female amed by Microsyria and SDUsyria killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (2 children3 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • An interview taken in the aftermath of the alleged raid on Kafr Laha, Oct 12th highlighting the damage to civilian homes. (via JisirTV)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Seriously graphic footage of what appears to be child casualties. The remains are barely recognisable. According to the source, it is Salam Mohammed Al-Suleiman. (via Homs Media Centre)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Abdullah Abdul-Razak Ismaeil, killed in an alleged Russian raid on Kafra Laha, Oct 12th. (via Homs Media Centre)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian raid on Kafr Laha, Oct 12th (via Smart News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (2 children3 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1434

Incident date

October 12, 2016

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians including a woman and her baby or foetus were reportedly killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime air and/or artillery strikes on Douma.

RadioAlKul wrote: “More than 25 warplane raids in Douma in addition to extensive artillery shelling which killed two and wounded more than 30.”

Bof-sy reported the lowest death count saying that there were “more than ten warplane raids and more than 60 missiles in 10 minutes in addition to heavy machine gun fire which killed a child named Suleiman Tu’ma and wounded a number of civilians.”

Alaraby said one child was killed in the attack.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Suleiman Tu’ma
10 years old male named by Douma Revolution killed
Nour Ayoub
Adult female pregnant according to some sources she was nine months pregnant, though Abomaherdomair said her baby died and published an image killed
Qamar Ayoub
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1–2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Almost moments after the alleged raid on Douma, Oct 12th (via Rof)
  • The aftermath of the alleged raid on Douma, Oct 12th (via ZamanAlwasl)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Graphic image of a nine month old foetus killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian regime raid on Douma. (via Abomaherdomair)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1–2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]