Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Iraq
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

CS417 TS025

Incident date

December 17, 2016

Location

الباب, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three unnamed civilian males were reported killed in a Turkish (or less likely Coalition) action at al Bab. The Coalition later denied responsibility.

According to Step News, “Turkish planes targeted al Bab, east of Aleppo, with three raids and there are news about casualties.” VDC later reported three unidentfied male civilian deaths – though said these were a result of actions by “International Coalition forces.”

In an emailed response to a report submitted by Airwars on this and other incidents in December 2016, Coalition officials said the event was presently assessed as ‘Not credible’ with “no Coalition strikes conducted in the geographical area of the reported civilian casualties.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Tweet reporting more than 50 alleged Turkish raids targeting al Bab over the last 12 hours. 17th December 2016. (via Muhammad Smiry)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Al-Bab (الباب), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.371972, 37.51631. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near Al Bab, Syria
    Nearest population center

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Aug 4, 2017
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area of the reported civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For December 16th-18th 2016 the Coalition has publicly reported no strikes in the vicinity.

French Military
  • English
    /
    Original

For December 14th to 20th, France reports 10 strikes: 8 in Iraq – 7 of which were in Mosul – and 2 in Syria. They reported that 16 targets were destroyed.

#Chammal : 10 frappes contre Daech en Irak et en Syrie cette semaine, 16 objectifs détruits.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI004

Incident date

February 4, 2016

Location

قرية الفاضلية, Fadhiliya, Kurdistan, Iraq

Geolocation

36.509167, 43.270278 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians were reportedly killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes on Fadhiliya.

According to the Iraqi National News Agency, “the bombardment of Fadhiliya village at the foot of Mount Bachik, resulted in the deaths of three civilians and the wounding of two others.”

There is currently no other known source available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Fadhiliya (قرية الفاضلية), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.509167, 43.270278. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI019

Incident date

November 14, 2018

Location

عمادية, Amadiyah, Duhok, Iraq

Geolocation

37.092003, 43.486966 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least three civilian men were killed in alleged Turkish airstrikes targeting the Kurdish district of Amadiyah, Dohuk. No sources mentioned the number of wounded.

Several sources identified three victims by name. Ramadan Rikani, a local official of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) added that the victims were “sons of one village, two of them Peshmerga and the other of our party cadres, were in the village raising their livestock.”

The strikes reportedly targeted the Qadash complex of Amadiyah district the night between November 14 and 15.

Families of the three civilians allegedly found their bodies when they went out to work in beekeeping in the morning.

NRT reported that “It is worth mentioning that the Turkish warplanes bombed from time to time sites and areas in the north of Kurdistan region, especially around the area of Bradust and Amadiyah and the foothills of the Qandil mountains, which have targets belonging to the PKK.”

All know sources pointed to Turkey as the culprit.

The incident occured during the night.

The victims were named as:

Ramzan Ahmed
Age unknown male killed
Delvan Saleh
Age unknown male killed
Ismail Hassan
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This image was published along with the reporting about the Turkish strikes thar killed three men in Amadiyah, Duhok. The source, however, does not specify whether if these are the victims on the picture. (via Rudaw)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Amadiyah (عمادية), for which the generic coordinates are: 37.092003, 43.486966. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS234

Incident date

February 28, 2018

Location

ميركان, Mirkan village, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.537500, 36.713889 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local media reported that between one and three civilians died and three more were wounded in an alleged Turkish shelling of Mirkan village, Syria.

Multiple sources named Juan Mohammed Omar as killed.

Sources added that three other civilians were wounded. Rumaf named one of these as Fahima Ahmed, 39, who sustained an injury “with shrapnel in the left foot”.

Villages told Afrin, heart of the news, that “six shells fell on the village and its surroundings”.

According to Abdinx1x, one of two civilians wounded was a woman with special needs.

One source, Karam Youssef , said that three civilians died.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Juan Mohammed Omar
Adult male killed
Fahima Ahmed
39 years old female who sustained an injury “with shrapnel in the left foot injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • Translation: A state of fear dominates the village of Mirkan in Afrin after the village was targeted by Turkish artillery and a civilian was killed and 2 others were wounded, one of them a woman with special needs.
  • Translation: The martyrdom of the civilian "Joan Mohammed Omar" as a result of the Turkish bombing today on the village of Merkan (Condi Hasa) belonging to the area of Maabtli in Afrin. Three civilians were wounded.
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Afrin Now)
  • Civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Afrin Now)
  • The exact moment an alleged Turkish airstrike targeted Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Hawar)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Rumaf)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018. (via Rumaf)
  • Showing the aftermath of an alleged Turkish airstrike on Mirkan village, Afrin, 28th February 2018.

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Mirkan village, Afrin (ميركان), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.537500, 36.713889. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI005

Incident date

July 17, 2016

Location

الفاضلية, Fadhiliya, Nineveh, Iraq

Geolocation

36.509167, 43.270278 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A local MP complained that a number of civilians had been killed and injured in fresh Turkish shelling of Fadhiliya village.

Salim Juma told NRN News that artillery strikes from a nearby Turkish base at Bashiqa “killed and injured a number of civilians, including women and children.” The MP called on the regional Kurdish government to intervene, saying that eight houses had been destroyed in two days of recent ‘indiscriminate’ shelling.

No additional reports are presently known.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Fadhiliya (الفاضلية), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.509167, 43.270278. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS118

Incident date

January 24, 2018

Location

راحو, Rajo village, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.67296, 36.666364 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One or two civilians died and several more were injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo village, according to local media.

The Smart News Network reported that “a woman was wounded by a Turkish air strike on the town of Raju in the Afrin area of Aleppo, north of the country, receiving treatment in a hospital in the area on 24 January 2018. One person was killed and two were injured.”

According to Hawar, one person died and two more were wounded from the same family. They also published many images showing damage to residential homes.

Albawabh reported the death of one person and the wounding of two women, while Ciyaye put the death toll at two.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Welat Muhammad Bero
48 years old named as wounded by The Kurdish Red Crescent injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (21) [ collapse]

  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • Damage to civilian homes as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian casualty as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Hawar)
  • A wounded woman as a result of alleged Turkish airstrikes in Rajo village, Afrin, 24th January 2018. (via Smart)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Rajo village, Afrin (راحو), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.67296, 36.666364. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS213

Incident date

February 19, 2018

Location

قرية درويش, عفرين, Darwish village, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.635, 36.668056 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians including a child died, and up to eight others other was wounded following an alleged Turkish shelling of Darwish village, Syria, local media reported.

According to Nuce24, a 39-year-old man was killed, and 65-year-old was injured as a result of the targeting of their house in the village of Darwish in the area of Medniki.

Other sources also named Rustom Mohammed Jumaa. Most put his age at 41-years.

However, according to Bas News, the bombing of Turkish airliner also caused the death of 13-year-old girl, and wounding eight others in the village of Darwish in the area of Maidanki in rural Afrin, said Prosk Haska, spokesman for the People’s Protection Units.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male via IC Afrinresistance‏ killed
13 years old female via Salan Efrin‏ killed
Mohammed Juma’a
65 years old male injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–8
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A picture shows one of the victims, killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Darwish village (Source: IC Afrinresistance‏)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A video shows the victim body at the hospital, killed following an alleged Turkish shelling on Darwish village (Source: Hewar news)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Darwish village, Afrin (قرية درويش, عفرين), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.635, 36.668056. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–8
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS108

Incident date

January 22, 2018

Location

راجو, Rajo district of Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.67296, 36.666364 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and up to 14 more were wounded in an alleged Turkish airstrike on the Rajo district of Afrin, according to sources on the ground.

Two victims were named by The Kurdish Red Crescent. ANF also reported that a Turkish strike killed “a civilian and injured his mother and sister who were in the house.”

Additionally, Afrin Now published images “of martyrs and wounded civilians from the district of Rajo in Afrin countryside who were killed by Turkish air strikes since Monday morning until now”.

Shiar Khalil Khalil put the number wounded at eight, while Anha News named one of them as 60-year-old Rachid Daoud. The Kurdish Red Crescent named four more as injured. In an associated event it said an additional five civilians had been injured in a car crash caused by the ‘shelling’ of Rajo.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Khelil Bekir
10 years old male named by The Kurdish Red Crescent killed
Unidentified male
Adult male named by The Kurdish Red Crescent killed
Zakaria Sheikho
Age unknown male news reporter injured
Rachid Daoud
60 years old injured
Hussen Shivan
Age unknown male injured
Shahin Abab
Age unknown injured
Mohammed Bila
Age unknown male injured
Shyar Amanos
Age unknown injured

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    9–14
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (12) [ collapse]

  • Zakaria Sheikho, a correspondent of the Ronahi new channel, reportedly wounded in an alleged Turkish strike on the Rajo district of Affrin, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin)
  • Woman allegedly injured in a Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian injured in an alleged Turkish airstrike on Rajo, 22nd January 2018. (via Free Afrin facebook)
  • This image comes from a generic news story which covers the Turkish airstrikes which occurred in the vicinity at the time. (via Anfarabic)
  • This image comes from a generic news story which covers the Turkish airstrikes which occurred in the vicinity at the time. (via Anfarabic)
  • Image showing destruction to the civilian housing in the aftermath of the alleged Turkish airstrike on Afrin, 22nd January 2018. (via Afrin Now)
  • Image showing destruction to the civilian housing in the aftermath of the alleged Turkish airstrike on Afrin, 22nd January 2018. (via Afrin Now)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Rajo district of Afrin (راجو), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.67296, 36.666364. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    9–14
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]