Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

Belligerent
Turkish Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

TS484

Incident date

January 20, 2022

Location

عقيبة, Aqiba, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.4375, 36.968333 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A least one civilian, a girl, was injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Aqiba on January 20, 2022.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a girl was seriously injured when Turkish forces struck the village of Aqiba, in addition to damaging a number of civilians’ homes.

Both Hawar News and Xeber24 also reported that Turkish forces bombed Aqiba village but neither source included information about casualties.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Aqiba (عقيبة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.4375, 36.968333. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS485

Incident date

January 22, 2022

Location

قرية الحدريات, Hadriat village, Raqqa, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to five civilians were killed and up to four others were injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the village of Hadriat and other surrounding villages in the countryside of Ain Issa on January 22, 2022.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Turkish bombings of the village of Hadriat resulted in the death of five civilians and the wounding of four others. This was the most violent attack carried out by Turkish forces in the last 2 months.

Hawar News reported on the killing of two residents of the village of Jabal from Turkish attacks. Hawar News also reported that two civilians were injured in the bombing of the village of Al-Msherfa. Images posted along with this report show two men getting treatment for their wounds.

North Press Agency put the casualty toll at two civilians killed and three injured, providing the names of the injured as: 20-year-old Muhammad Mahmud, the 45-year-old Muhammad Saleh Mahmud, and the 40-year-old Abdulrahim Hamoud Saleh. The source added that Abdulrahim Saleh Muhammad succumbed to his injuries after arriving at Martyr Omar Alosh Hospital in Ain Issa town.

Ain Issa Plus provided details that Abdulrahim Saleh Muhammad was a child, 14 years old, and add the name Hassan Al-Mohammed to the list of injured, who is 22 years old.

Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently also reported that people were killed and wounded from artillery shelling launched by the Turkish army, adding that “the SDF militia Sabah set up mortars in the vicinity of the village, targeting positions of the National Army militia”.

The Syrian Democratic Forces Press Center identified two civilians as being killed and two others as being injured, and their spokesman @farhad_shami posted a video on Twitter alongside this information that shows a man with blood on his leg, indicating he may be one of the men that was injured.

In addition to the civilian casualties, Syrian Arab News Agency identified that the strikes resulted in damage to “some homes and public and private properties”.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the attack to Turkish forces, with Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firate (ANF) identifed “rockets, Grad guns, tanks and mortar shells” as being used by Turkey “since the early hours of the morning”.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Mahmud صالح حمود محمد
20 years old injured
Muhammad Saleh Mahmud محمد حمود صالح
45 years old injured
Abdulrahim Hamoud Saleh عبد الرحيم حمود صالح
40 years old male injured
Abdul Rahim Salih Muhammad عبد الرحيم صالح محمد
14 years old killed
Hassan Al-Mohammed
22 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • One of the men injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • One of the men injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Syrian Arab News Agency)
  • Rescue crews and civilians at the site of alleged Turkish strikes on the villages in the Ain Issa countryside on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS486

Incident date

January 23, 2022

Location

العليمات, Alimat, Raqqa, Syria

Geolocation

36.387671, 38.863106 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians, two women and two children, were injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Alimat on January 23, 2022.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that the intense missile shelling by Turkish forces resulted in the injury of four civilians, two of whom were in serious condition, in the village of Alimat.

Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firate (ANF) also reported that four civilians, two women and two children, were injured in the village of Alimat west of Ain Issa. ANF also provided the names of those injured: Nabil Al-Talib (two years old), Raghad Ali (15 years old), Suha Issa Al-Fayyadh (21 years old), and Baraa Omar Hussein (18 years old) and reported that they were transferred to a hospital in the city of Raqqa for treatment of their injuries, which were critical.

Both sources that reported on the incident attributed the shelling to Turkish forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Nabil Al-Talib نبيل الطالب
2 years old injured
Raghad Ali رغد علي
15 years old injured
Suha Issa Al-Fayyadh سها عيسى الفياض
21 years old injured
Baraa Omar Hussein
118 years old injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A child injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Alimat on January 23, 2022. (Image posted by Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firate)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Alimat (العليمات) allegedly west of the town of Ain Issa (عين عيسى). Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Ain Issa are: 36.387671, 38.863106.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS487

Incident date

February 1, 2022

Location

تقل بقل, Takil Bakil, Hassaka, Syria

Geolocation

37.063119, 42.224472 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to local sources, four people were killed and four to five civilians were injured in Turkish airstrikes in Takil Bakil village in the Derik countryside, in northeastern Syria on February 1st 2022 at 9pm in the evening by two missiles. The Syrian Democratic Forces identified the four people killed as being fighters.

According to local sources the Turkish bombing targeted an electric power station and an oil station. The bombing led to a power outage in the area, after the power station was left with destruction. ABC News added that the strike hit the building where the guards stay. This came a day after a Turkish drone stuck another power station near the Semalka border crossing between Syria and Iraq’s Kurdish region.

The four people who were killed were workers and guards at the electric power station, identified by the SDF as “our fighters who were in charge of protecting the station”. The SDF provided the names of the four fighters killed: Siamand Afrin, Khimkin Afrin, Shiar Kobani, and Muhyiddin Derik.

The SDF identified five civilian workers as being injured in the strikes while North Press Agency reported that four civilians were wounded. All injured civilians were taken to Dirk hospital.

One injured man, Othman Hussein Suleiuman, from the village of Borouj, told North Press, “all I remember is that I heard the sound of a plane, so I went inside the station to tell my colleagues.” The North Press added that “he heard the plane being hit by two missiles, but he lost consciousness and did not feel anything until he woke up in the hospital.”

The Turkish Ministry of National Defense released a statement declaring the strike the day of, stating that “In the Winter Eagle Operation carried out; shelters, bunkers, caves, tunnels, ammunition depots and so-called headquarters and training camps belonging to terrorists who threaten our country, nation and border security were targeted. In the planning and execution of the operation, maximum sensitivity was shown for the safety of life and property of the civilian population and the protection of the environment.”

Al Jazeera pointed out that Turkey cited the 51st article of the UN Charter, which states that “nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security”.

The incident occured at 21:00:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Othman Hussein Suleiman
Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Known target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    4

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • An injured man after a Turkish attack on Takil Bakil village in northeastern Syria. According to local sources, four civilians were killed and four civilians were injured. (Image via North Press Agency)
  • According to local sources, four civilians were killed and four civilians were injured after a Turkish attack on Takil Bakil village in northeastern Syria. (Image via North Press Agency)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Takil Bakil ( تقل بقل), for which the generic coordinates are: 37.063119, 42.224472. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Turkish Military

By neutralizing the PKK/KCK/YPG and other terrorist elements; In order to eliminate the terrorist attacks against our people and security forces from the North of Iraq and Syria and to ensure our border security; In line with our self-defense rights arising from Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, the Winter Eagle Air Operation was carried out against terrorist nests in the Derik, Sinjar and Karacak regions in the North of Iraq and Syria, which are used as bases by terrorists.
In the Winter Eagle Operation carried out; shelters, bunkers, caves, tunnels, ammunition depots and so-called headquarters and training camps belonging to terrorists who threaten our country, nation and border security were targeted. In the planning and execution of the operation, maximum sensitivity was shown for the safety of life and property of the civilian population and the protection of the environment.
After the operation, in which mostly domestic and national ammunition was used, all of our aircraft returned safely to their bases.
The Turkish Armed Forces, who emerged from the bosom of our noble nation, will continue the fight against terrorism for the security of our country and nation with determination and determination until the last terrorist is neutralized.
It is announced to the public with respect.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–5
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Known target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported killed
    4

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS489

Incident date

February 2, 2022

Location

تل تمر, Tel Tamr, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.703333, 40.401667 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one child was injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the village of Tel Tamar on February 2, 2022.

A tweet from @me_delal, a Kurdish human right activist, reported that a child was wounded when Turkish forces shelled Tel Tamar.

Both @NPA_English and Athr Press also reported that Turkish forces shelled the village of Tel Tamar without providing any information on casualties.

No other information is available to Airwars at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A child injured in alleged Turkish shelling of Tel Tamar on February 2, 2022. (Image posted by @me_delal)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Tal Tamr (تل تمر), for which the generic cooridnates are: 36.703333, 40.401667. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS490

Incident date

February 2, 2022

Location

عنديور, Ain Diwar, Syria

Geolocation

37.298090, 42.199860 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to two civilians were injured in Ain Diwar village, in the countryside of Derik in northeast Syria when Turkish shells hit their homes on February 2nd 2022. According to the North Press Agency, “the bombardment also resulted in the destruction of two houses, and the outbreak of fire in five houses.” The SDF announced that the bombing killed both civilians and fighters, but there were no other current local reports of civilians being killed.

They reported that those injured were Omar Amro, aged 70, and another young man who was in his thirties. However, ANHA put the number of injured at one civilian, who was taken to hospital for treatment, although they had no further details.

The Commander of the Syrian Democratic Forces, Mazloum Abdi, announced on Twitter that “the Turkish bombing of Ain Diwar and Derik has resulted in the martyrdom of civilians and fighters, but also affected public infrastructure.” He also added that “this attack amounts to a declaration of war and puts civilians at risk.”

According to Al Qamishli News, the “bombing of Ain Dewar was due to the bombing of the Turkish police station with two shells from Ain Dewar, which were fired by Kadro Harun and the member Shibli Muhammad, and they killed a Turkish eleent and then the bombing began on Ain Dewar.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Omar Amro
70 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–2

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • “#SOHR camera” captures bombardment by Turkish forces on civilian houses in #Ain_Diwar area in #Al_Malikiyah countryside (#Dayrik) near #Syria-#Turkey-#Iraq border triangle" (Vieddeo via Facebook / Syrian Observatory for Human Rights"

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Ain Diwar (عنديور), for which the generic coordinates are: 37.298090, 42.199860. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–2

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS488

Incident date

February 2, 2022

Location

Kolya, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.85815, 40.4855 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Subdistrict level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian, a 30 year old woman, was injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the village of Kolya on February 2, 2022.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a 30 year old woman and a civilian were seriously injured as a result of Turkish artillery shelling on the village of Kolya in the Al Shur area.

Hawar News also reported that a woman was seriously injured in the village of Kolya, in addition to providing her name: Shirin Majul. She was taken to a hospital in Qamishlo city to receive treatment.

Athr Press gave an overview that Syrian Democratic Forces’ sites and civilians homes in the villages of Kolya, Tal Aboud, Khadrawi, and Al-Asriya were subject to Turkish shelling, which led to the injury of two civilians. However, they did not specify in which village the civilians were injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Kolya (الكولية), allegedly located within the Tal Ash Shur (تل الشور) area of Al Hassakah (الحسكة). Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Tall Ash Shur are: 36.85815, 40.4855.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS491

Incident date

February 9, 2022

Location

البهيرة, Bahira, Al Hasakah, Syria

Geolocation

37.108792, 40.862274 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between one and two children were killed and three others were injured in alleged Turkish drone strikes on a vehicle in the village of Bahira on February 9, 2022.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, two children were killed and three others were injured when a Turkish drone struck Bahira village in Al-Hasakah countryside. In addition, “SDF members were injured in the same village by shelling on their car, while they were escaping after their first car was attacked in Kharza village.”

A Facebook post from “Eastern region and Al Jazeera news” added that the victims of the bombing were in a car close to the military jeep that was destroyed by the plane and provided the names: Muhammad Ali Kallah, 11 years old – killed; Maher Issa Kallah, 13 years old; Omar Ghanem, 40, is a teacher from the village of Bahira; Alaa Gedo Ahmed, 25 years old. Turkey Now identified the children as being students in a preparatory school.

Hawar News put the casualty count at one child killed and three others injured, all of which were traveling in the same car and were taken to the People’s Hospital in Amuda.

A security source told North-Press that “the car was targeted by two bombs, the first one did not hit it, while the second bombardment directly hit the car.”

All of the sited sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes and casualties to Turkish drones.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Muhammad Ali Kallah محمد علي كلاح
11 years old killed
Maher Issa Kallah ماهر عيسى كلاح
13 years old injured

The victims were named as:

Omar Ghanem عمر غانم
40 years old is a teacher from the village of Bahira injured
Alaa Gedo Ahmed علاء جدو أحمد
25 years old injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1–2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported injured
    2

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • One of the victims of the alleged Turkish bombing of Bahira village on February 9, 2022. (Image posted by Eastern region and Al Jazeera news via Facebook)
  • One of the vehicles hit by alleged Turkish drone strikes on Bahira village on February 9, 2022. (Image posted by Athr Press)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Bahira (البهيرة), for which the generic coordinates are: 37.108792, 40.862274. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike, Drone Strike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1–2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF
  • Belligerents reported injured
    2

Sources (8) [ collapse]