Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

Belligerent
Country
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS442

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

الباب, Bab al Hawa, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.228656, 36.697878 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and 35 civilians were killed and up to 65 injured in an airstrike on Bab al Hawa, according to local sources – though reports are conflicted as to whether the raid was the work of Russian forces or the Assad regime.

The White Helmets reported that 30 non-combatants were killed and 65 injured when warplanes carried out consecutive strikes on Bab al Hawa, but they did not say who the planes belonged to. They added that un-exploded ballistic missiles were found in the areas and that members of their team were targeted by further planes while carrying out the rescue mission.

However, in a later video showing children being rescued from the rubble, they said that Russia carried out the strikes.

The Shaam News Network also blamed Russia, reporting that warplanes bombed old garages in the countryside of Idlib and the edges of camps for displaced people in Bab al Hawa. They added that six raids targeted civilian homes and public facilities in the area.

Activists told SNN that the shelling resulted in “a terrible massacre against civilians and children killing more than ten people and wounding more than 20.”

Graphic images were published by Ma’ara Now News showing the aftermath of an alleged Russian strike in “the square of Bab al Hawa“, which they said killed 10 civilians.

Smart also blamed Russia and published a video showing destruction caused by rais which they said killed 17 and injured 50 more. A witness told the agency: “The aircraft carried out two raids on the area, and then followed by two missiles, one ballistic and the other cluster.”

According to Orient News, 17 civilians died in eight Russian strikes – though at the time of filming the video they said they didn’t have a final count for the dead and injured.

Videos by Citizen Journalist also attributed the incident to Russia and depicted what they said were damaged civilian homes as the civil defence searched for survivors. They reported up to six Russian strikes.

Halab News put the death toll at 35, with 65 wounded in alleged Russian strikes.

Syrian News Desk reported: “The media opposition activist Alaa al-Din Muhammad told to ‘the Office of the Syria News’ that Russian warplanes carried out five raids on the old crossing point and yard at Bab Al-Hawa  the outskirts of Sarmada city, killing 13 civilians and four members of the opposition factions, and injuring at least 30 others wounded, including women and children“.

The source added that the raids had also targeted two warehouses used to store materials, resulting in fires.

However, the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that aircraft of the Assad regime were responsible. They put the death toll at six.

Reporting on the aerial bombardment of Idlib, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that the number of people killed in Bab al Hawa and Sarmada had risen to 28, including four children and a woman, in addition to an “Uzbek family and 22 rebels.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mahmoud Haj Mohammed.
Age unknown male named by Halab News killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 35
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    65
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (12) [ collapse]

  • Members of the White Helmets search for survivors following a strike on Bab al Hawa, January 22nd 2016. (via White Helmets)
  • Footage showing the aftermath of the incident. (via, SNN)
  • Members of the White Helmets search for survivors following a strike on Bab al Hawa, January 22nd 2016. (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, SNN)
  • The White Helmets rescuing people from the rubble. (via SNN)
  • Minor damage to the outside of a shop. (via, SNN)
  • Civilian housing damaged in the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, SNN)
  • Chaos in the mediate aftermath of the incident as White Helmets try to dig civilians out of the rubble. (via, SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian dragged from his car after he was caught in the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on Bab al Hawa. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • White Helmets continue to move rubble following the incident on 22nd January 2016. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • The exact moment the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid hit. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Extremely graphic video of a deceased child with a concaved skull and loss of limbs following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on Bab Al-Hawa. (via, Citizen Journalist)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 35
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    65
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS443

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

سرمدا, Sarmada, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.18553, 36.72231 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to eight civilians including one child were killed and 12 others injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Sarmada, according to local sources.

The Syrian Observatory for Human rights said that eight people (including a child and three people from the Palmyra area, a commander of a checkpoint belonging to a rebel faction and other fighters) were killed in raids by “warplanes believed to be Russian” on areas in the outskirts of the town of Sarmada near the Syrian-Turkish border and “the area of a checkpoint for the Islamic factions near Bab al-Hawa border crossing.

Reporting on the aerial bombardment on both Bab al Hawa and Sarmada, the Observatory added that the number killed had risen to 28, including four children and a woman, in addition  to “an Uzbek family and 22 rebels“.

The Shaam News Network published a graphic video showing the aftermath of strikes. The voice over in the footage says they were carried out by the regime, though the title of the video says they were Russian raids.

Another graphic video, by the White Helmets, showed members of their team being targeted by strikes by “warplanes” – though they did not identify them.

At 1:06 in footage published by Orient News, a civil defence volunteer says: “only two minutes after the raids hit the civilian areas of Sarmada, our vehicles were hit when we arrived at the scene. We now have around 10 dead.”

Arabi21 said that four Russian strikes killed a family of seven and injured 12 others.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male listed under Maddiq Castle where he comes from but it says he was killed in Sarmada. killed
Haj Mahmoud Mohammed Sheik
Adult male named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 8
  • (1 child4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Extremely graphic footage of the immediate aftermath of the incident in Sarmada. An injured man can be seen with half his face missing. (via, Media Civil Defence)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Ali Khaled al-Sultan, killed in an alleged Russian raid on Sarmada. (via, VDC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    White Helmets checking the rubble for injured or deceased civilians. (via, SNN)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 8
  • (1 child4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS444

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

اللطامنة, Ltamenah, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3219885, 36.6234398 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Violations Documentation Centre named two adult male civilians as killed “as a result of the explosion of remnants of a missile from Russian shelling“, however in the notes of Abdul Naser Younes al-Khattab there is a video of the victim entitled ‘the Jihadist  Abdul Naser Younes Al khattab in one of the field hospitals in the Hama countryside’, so it is not clear whether he was a civilian of a Jihadist.

Furthermore, the image published of the other victim, Mohammad Khair Haytham al-Mahmoud “al-Kateb”, may suggest that he is not a civilian.

An additional source, Syrian News Desk, reported that “two opposition fighters were killed and others injured in the town of Ltamenah while trying to disarm a missile which had not exploded after being fired by a Russian plane.”

The media opposition activist Mohammed Ali of Hama said: “The two members of Jasyh al Ezzah from Free Syrian Army were killed and four were wounded by the explosion of the rocket, which they tried to extract from inside the earth so as not to cause harm to civilians.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male not clear whether these men are civilians or Jihadists killed
Adult male not clear whether these men are civilians or Jihadists killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A man receives medical treatment.
  • Mohammad Khair Haytham al-Mahmoud "al-Kateb", killed in an alleged Russian raid. Sources claim this man is Jihadist. (via, VDC)
  • Abdul Naser Younes al-Khattab, killed in an alleged Russian raid. Sources claim this man is Jihadist. (via, VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Incident Code

RS445

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

مَعَرَّة النُّعْمَان, Maarat al Numan, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.647038, 36.679174 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult male civilian, Ali Al Sultan, was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Maarat al Numan, according to the Violations Documentation Center. No further details are currently available.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS446

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

الجنينة, Al Jneina, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.3680555, 40.1196671 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two women were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on the village of Al Jneina, according a a single source, Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently.

No further details are currently available.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CI181

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

الموصل‎, Mosul, Jaza'ir / Algeria and other neighbourhoods, Nineveh, Iraq

Geolocation

36.3547437, 43.1640816 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several local sources claimed 10 civilians were killed and 20 injured in alleged Coalition strikes on Mosul.

According to anti-government site Yaqen, “the international airline alliance this morning carried out several air strikes” in central Mosul which in turn killed 10 civilians and ‘substantially damaged’ a number of homes.

Meanwhile, the pro-government site Al Rassid made no mention of civilian casualties, noting only that up to 25 fighters with Daesh were killed when ‘gatherings and strongholds’ of the terror group were struck.

In their February 2020 civilian casualty report, the US-led Coalition assessed reports that they were responsible for civilian harm in this strike as “non-credible”, stating that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area at that time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    10
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    US-led Coalition

Sources (3) [ collapse]

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • MGRS coordinate
    38SLF352248
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Feb 2, 2020
  • Jan. 21, 2016, in Mosul, Iraq, via Airwars report. After a review of all available records it was assessed that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area that corresponds to the report of civilian casualties. 2892/CI181 38SLF352248

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

The Coalition reported for January 20th-21st 2016 that “Near Mosul, three strikes destroyed nine ISIL assembly areas, an ISIL weapons cache, two ISIL command and control nodes, and five ISIL fighting positions.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    10
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    US-led Coalition

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS437

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

منطقة الأماسي, Al Amassi (Ar Raqqah), Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.9527716, 39.0094042 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Sixteen civilians including six to nine children and four women died in airstrikes on Al Amassi in Raqqa, according to local sources – though most reports blamed Russia, others did not identify who was responsible.

RBSS initially referred only to “warplanes“, but in a later post alleged that Russia was responsible.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Russian shelling of Al Amassi street killed 16 civilians, including six children and four women.

Other sources, including Syrian News Desk and Deir Alzro Free radio also attributed the attack to Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Adult male killed

Family members (6)

Adult female killed
Adult female killed
Adult female killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

Family members (4)

Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    16
  • (6–9 children5 women2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Ahmad, Mahmoud and Mohammad Al Dakhil, killed in an alleged Russian raid on Al Ammassi. (via, Raqqa is being Slaughtered Silently

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

No Russian reports were published for January 21st 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    16
  • (6–9 children5 women2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CI182

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

يت, Hit, Anbar, Iraq

Geolocation

33.642631, 42.8278537 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources claimed Coalition airstrikes had struck residential homes in Abu Teban village in Hit, west of Ramadi, resulting in the deaths of eight civilians and the injuring of a further 18 – described as mostly women and children.

Responding to a request for clarification about possible involvement given declared UK strikes between Ramadi and Haditha that day, the MoD told Airwars that “after extensive research, we can confirm that there was no UK involvement” in the alleged event.

In their February 2020 civilian casualty report, the US-led Coalition assessed reports that they were responsible for civilian harm in this strike as “non-credible”, stating that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area at that time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • Civilians reported injured
    18
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    US-led Coalition

Sources (3) [ collapse]

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • MGRS coordinate
    38SLC130107
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Feb 2, 2020
  • Jan. 21, 2016, in Abu Teban, Iraq, via Airwars report. After a review of all available records it was assessed that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area that corresponds to the report of civilian casualties. 2893/CI182 38SLC130107

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

The Coalition publicly reported no strikes on Hit between January 20th-22nd 2015. However it did confirm carrying out a combined total of eleven airstrikes ‘near Ramadi’ on those dates.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    8
  • Civilians reported injured
    18
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    US-led Coalition

Sources (3) [ collapse]