Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

Turkish Military in Iraq & Syria

An internally displaced Kurdish family in northern Iraq, 2016 (Maranie R. Staab)

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Incident Code

TS375A

Incident date

October 29, 2019

Location

تل تمر, Tal Tamr, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.655309, 40.372388 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians (a child aged 10 and a woman aged 21) were reported injured in an alleged Turkish attack on Tal Tamr in Hasaka governorate in Syria on October 29th, 2019 according to the Kurdish Red Crescent who identified the child as Khedir Muhammad al Zahir, and the woman as Wadha Salih Abdo.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Khedir Muhammad al Zahir
10 years old male KRC injured
Wadha Salih Abdo
21 years old female KRC injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Tal Tamr (تل تمر), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.655309, 40.372388. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS409

Incident date

February 15, 2020

Location

باشمرة, Bashamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.310556, 36.978611 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A woman and two children were injured in alleged Turkish air and/or artillery strikes on the village of Bashamra, Sherawa district, Aleppo governorate, on February 15th, 2020, according to local sources.

ANF English reported that Turkish forces launched an attack on the village, resulting into the injury of a woman named Sêvîn Nebu Qesab and her 8-year-old daughter Hemide Selih Hilal. The name of another injured child is unknown.

Hawar News Agency reported that “the Turkish occupation army and its mercenaries are bombing the populated village of Bashamra in Sherawa district in Afrin, and it resulted in wounding a woman and two children”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Sêvîn Nebu Qesab
Adult female injured
Hemide Selih Hilal
8 years old female daughter of Sêvîn Nebu Qesab injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Displaced women reportedly seeking shelter from alleged Turkish shelling on Bashamreh village, Aleppo governorate, on February 15th, 2020 (via @HesenHoseng).

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention a strike in the village of Bashamra (باشمرة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.310556, 36.97861. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI037

Incident date

June 14, 2020

Location

Sinjar, Nineveh, Iraq

Geolocation

36.318611, 41.861111 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several civilians were allegedly injured by a Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar.

ANF reported: “In Shengal, areas where civilian settlements and Serdeşt hospital are located, were bombed. According to the first information, there are some injured civilians. In addition, the people suffered material damages as a result of the bombing carried out by the Turkish state.”

Gilgo tweeted: “Injured civilians reported by Ezidi locals in Zerdeşt hospital near Şengal as a result of Turkish air raids. Airstrikes continue after a 40 minutes break. Difficult to get reports out due to intensity of bombardment.”

The New Arab published additional information on the strikes without mentioning civilian harm: “A military official said in the fourth regiment of the Iraqi army stationed in the vicinity of Sinjar that fighters targeted between the hours of twelve and a half and twelve and forty minutes, Sunday, locations and caves inside Mount Sinjar, indicating in a telephone conversation with the New Arab, that columns of smoke were seen rising from the place before To return the aircraftMinutes later to target other locations in the same area, and he heard the sounds of secondary explosions believed to be caused by a pile of weapons or ammunition.

He added, ‘The sites belong to most of the units,’ referring to the militia of Sinjar Protection Units, the local arm of the PKK in Iraq.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Aftermath of Turkish airstrieks on Sinjar on June 14th, 2020 (via Heyva Sor a Kurdistane UK)
  • Aftermath of Turkish airstrieks on Sinjar on June 14th, 2020 (via Heyva Sor a Kurdistane UK)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Sinjar, for which the generic coordinates are: 36.318611, 41.861111. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS454

Incident date

October 29, 2020

Location

Îska, Iska, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.353154, 36.806731 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least 13 civilians were reportedly injured in an attack by alleged Turkish mercenaries on the village of Iska, Aleppo governorate, on October 29th, 2020, according to Hawar News.

Hawar News wrote that “the village of Iska which in Janders district in Afrin canton was subjected to a raid campaign and attempts to kidnap and steal property by the mercenaries, and when the residents’ attempted to defend themselves and their property, the mercenaries fired randomly at the people in the village, which resulted in the injury of 13 civilians at least. The citizen Ali Jemmo and the citizen Muhammad Othman have been known of them.”

Currently, further information is unavailable to Airwars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ali Jemmo
Adult male injured
Muhammad Othman
Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Iska (Îska), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.353154, 36.806731. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    13
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TI060

Incident date

June 1, 2021

Location

هرور, Hiror, Dohuk, Iraq

Geolocation

37.229298, 43.438993 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A least one civilian, an elderly man, was injured in alleged Turkish strikes on Kani Masi on June 1, 2021.

A report from the Christian Peacemaker Teams identified “on June 1, when Turkish forces fired artillery at Ramazan Ali, a 70 year old farmer, injuring him as he was irrigating his fields in Hirure”.

The mayor of Kani Masi sub-district told Zhyan News Network that “Ali was caught in a Turkish bombardment while irrigating his farm and transferred to Begufa Hospital in Duhok’s Batifa sub-district”.

The victim of the bombing, Ramazan Ali, told Rudaw he was “thrown” off of his feet when bombs hit around 3km from the village of Hrure. “I knew I was injured. I walked slowly from here back to the village, [but] no one was there,” he said while receiving treatment for his injuries.

Rudaw reported that “Witness Haji Hassan said that Ali was hit while working in his vineyard late this morning when the shelling took place. The doctor treating Ali said that he was hit by shrapnel but is in a good condition, and will be sent to Zakho hospital for further treatment.”

Mustafa Ahmed, another resident of the district, told: “Today, the Turkish forces hit the cannons on the village of Harour, which resulted in the wounding of a farmer who was watering his orchards in the village of Harour. He was more than 70 years old, the citizen Ramadan Ali from the village of Harour, and he was wounded. 20 shrapnel from the Turkish artillery shelling.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkey.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ramazan Ali
70 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Ramazan Ali was hospitalized after sustaining injuries from Turkey’s artillery shelling on June 1, 2021. (Image posted by Christian Peacemaker Teams)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Ramazan Ali was hospitalized after sustaining injuries from Turkey’s artillery shelling on June 1, 2021. (Image posted by Zhyan News Network)
  • Ramazan Ali being treated after sustaining injuries from Turkey’s artillery shelling on June 1, 2021. (Image posted by Rudaw News)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Hiror (هرور), for which the generic coordinates are: 37.229298, 43.438993. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS485

Incident date

January 22, 2022

Location

قرية الحدريات, Hadriat village, Raqqa, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to five civilians were killed and up to four others were injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the village of Hadriat and other surrounding villages in the countryside of Ain Issa on January 22, 2022.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Turkish bombings of the village of Hadriat resulted in the death of five civilians and the wounding of four others. This was the most violent attack carried out by Turkish forces in the last 2 months.

Hawar News reported on the killing of two residents of the village of Jabal from Turkish attacks. Hawar News also reported that two civilians were injured in the bombing of the village of Al-Msherfa. Images posted along with this report show two men getting treatment for their wounds.

North Press Agency put the casualty toll at two civilians killed and three injured, providing the names of the injured as: 20-year-old Muhammad Mahmud, the 45-year-old Muhammad Saleh Mahmud, and the 40-year-old Abdulrahim Hamoud Saleh. The source added that Abdulrahim Saleh Muhammad succumbed to his injuries after arriving at Martyr Omar Alosh Hospital in Ain Issa town.

Ain Issa Plus provided details that Abdulrahim Saleh Muhammad was a child, 14 years old, and add the name Hassan Al-Mohammed to the list of injured, who is 22 years old.

Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently also reported that people were killed and wounded from artillery shelling launched by the Turkish army, adding that “the SDF militia Sabah set up mortars in the vicinity of the village, targeting positions of the National Army militia”.

The Syrian Democratic Forces Press Center identified two civilians as being killed and two others as being injured, and their spokesman @farhad_shami posted a video on Twitter alongside this information that shows a man with blood on his leg, indicating he may be one of the men that was injured.

In addition to the civilian casualties, Syrian Arab News Agency identified that the strikes resulted in damage to “some homes and public and private properties”.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the attack to Turkish forces, with Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firate (ANF) identifed “rockets, Grad guns, tanks and mortar shells” as being used by Turkey “since the early hours of the morning”.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Mahmud صالح حمود محمد
20 years old injured
Muhammad Saleh Mahmud محمد حمود صالح
45 years old injured
Abdulrahim Hamoud Saleh عبد الرحيم حمود صالح
40 years old male injured
Abdul Rahim Salih Muhammad عبد الرحيم صالح محمد
14 years old killed
Hassan Al-Mohammed
22 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • One of the men injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • One of the men injured in alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Hawar News)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish strikes on the village of Al-Msherfa on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by Syrian Arab News Agency)
  • Rescue crews and civilians at the site of alleged Turkish strikes on the villages in the Ain Issa countryside on January 22, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military
  • Suspected target
    YPG/SDF

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS512

Incident date

June 1, 2022

Location

شيشة, Shisha, Raqqa, Syria

Geolocation

36.692957, 38.948765 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Subdistrict level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least two civilians, including a child and a woman from the same family, were injured in alleged Turkish shelling of the villages of Gorik and Sheshi in western Gire Spi on June 1, 2022.

Hawar News also reported that a woman and a child were injured in Turkish shelling of Sheshi village in the western countryside of Girê Spi. The source also provided the names of those injured: Kawthar Hajj Khalil, 45, was seriously injured, and Mizgin Hajj Khalil, 11, was seriously injured and subsequently transferred to the Kobani city hospital.

North Press Agency spoke with Muhammad Hajj Khalil, the father of the injured girl, who said that “a shell exploded near his house in the village, wounding his daughter, Nadia Hajj Khalil, 13, with shrapnel in the hand.” Khalil said that his cousin’s wife was also seriously injured in the face by the explosion of the shell. She was taken directly to a hospital in Raqqa for treatment. “About ten shells landed in the other villages,” he said.

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights also documented the injury of two civilians due to “Turkish forces and their proxies in “Peace Spring” areas fired rocket launchers on the village”.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkey.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Kawthar Hajj Khalil
45 years old female injured
Mizgin Hajj Khalil
11 years old injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish shelling on a house near Kobani city on June 1, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Shisha (شيشة), allegedly located in the western area of Tell Abyad (تل ابيض) subdistrict. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Tell Abyad subdistrict are: 36.692957, 38.948765.

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Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

TS502a

Incident date

April 22, 2022

Location

شارع 48، كوباني, Street 48, Kobani, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.887005, 38.360427 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was injured in alleged Turkish strikes on a shop on Street 48 in the city of Kobani on April 22, 2022.

North Press Agency originally put the number of civilians injured at one “slightly injured”, identifying the victim as Muhammad Khalil Bako, the owner of a shop on Street 48 that was bombed. “Bako” told North-Press that he was sitting inside his shop with another person during the fall of the shell. He pointed out that the bombing caused significant material damage in the commercial store.

The New Arab reported that Turkish drones carried out strikes on the city centre of Kobani and a nearby village, injuring two people overall, including another civilian injury documented in TS502.

Kurdistan24 quoted Rojava Media Centre, which stated that Turkey’s “bombardment of Kobani city center with howitzers, civilians were injured and shops were burned” without specifying how many civilians were injured. Kurdistan24 also quoted Hawar News Agency, which identified four “artillery shells have hit the city so far,” adding that the shells “fell on 48th Street and Kaniya Kurda neighborhood in Kobani city.”

North Press Agency listed the locations that the four shells struck as Al-Shaheed Kawa neighborhood south of the city, shops on Al-Arbaeen Street in the center of the city, Kania Kordan neighborhood and Kobani forest.

The US Embassy in Syria condemned the attack, tweeting that “We are deeply concerned by reports of shelling on Kobani and deplore any loss of civilian life. The United States calls on all parties to deescalate.”

Mazloum Abdî, the SDF General Commander, tweeted a statement: “Turkey is escalating violations of int’l covenants with guarantor countries against our regions. The targeting of Kobani, shelling of innocent civilians, & killings of administrative figures by drones are provocations that threaten security & peace & hinder anti-ISIS operations.”

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Turkey.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Muhammed Khalil Bako ومحمد خليل بكو
41 years old male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • ANHA correspondent from the area reported that Turkish occupation army resumed its artillery bombardment on the center of the city of Kobani, and reprted that an artillery shell fell on a 3-storey building on the Street 48 without exploding (Hawar News)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish bombing of Kobani on April 22, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)
  • Damage caused by alleged Turkish bombing of Kobani on April 22, 2022. (Image posted by North Press Agency)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Farhad Muhammad Hassan (28 years), who was injured by shrapnel in the leg in alleged Turkish strikes in Kobani. (Image posted by Ezdina)

Geolocation notes (1) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention a shop struck on Street 48 (شارع 48) in the city of Kobani (كوباني). Analyzing audio-visual material from sources, Airwars has narrowed down the location to these exact coordinates: 36.887005, 38.360427.

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  • Tagged visual evidence from sources.

    Imagery:
    Hawar News

Turkish Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Turkish Military
  • Turkish Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Turkish Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]