All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

Lib2011-068

Incident date

April 12, 2011

Location

مصراتة, Misurata, Libya

Geolocation

32.374457, 15.087794 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians were reported killed and one injured as a result of Gaddafi forces shelling on Misurata.

An ITN report showed people mourning the loss of “two brothers” due to indiscriminate shelling. Later, two injured children are shown in the film, of which one was said to have died at the hospital.

There are currently no known additional public sources relating to this event.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected targets
    Libyan rebel forces, Other

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    ITN report showing victims of the shelling [4:05]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Misurata (مصراتة), for which the generic coordinates are: 32.374457, 15.087794. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected targets
    Libyan rebel forces, Other

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-102

Incident date

June 2, 2011

Location

العزيزية‎ , Aziziya, Jafara, Libya

Geolocation

32.533137, 13.015406 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two police officers were reportedly killed in a NATO airstrike on Aziziya.

Nima Elbagir said on Twitter: “Libya gov tell CNN latest Nato strike hit police station in Aziziya – west of Tripoli – killing 2 police officers. No comment yet from Nato”

Free Libya Page only reported airstrikes around Tripoli but no civilian harm.

NATO itself said it conducted airstrikes near Tripoli and Mizdah but did not mention Aziziya specifically.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces
  • Suspected target
    Other

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the police station (مديرية الأمن بالمدينة) of Azizya (العزيزية‎) being struck,  for which the generic coordinates are: 32.533137, 13.015406. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

NATO forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    NATO forces
  • NATO forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces
  • Suspected target
    Other

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-126

Incident date

July 8, 2011–May 12, 2019

Location

غريان, Gheryan, Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

Geolocation

32.169687, 13.019377 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians were killed in a NATO airstrike on Gheryan, accoring to NPR.

The outlet wrote: “About a block away from the gunfire at the demonstration, it was possible to talk with a shopkeeper without having a government minder present. He gave his name as Ismael and said he and his family have heard bombing in the surrounding area for four straight nights.

That tallies with NATO reports, which say airstrikes in the area have targeted military hardware, such as tanks and rocket launchers. But Ismael says the strikes have also killed civilians. He gestures down the road and says you can still see the craters from a NATO airstrike that hit three cars.

‘Two kilometers, you can see too much hole inside the streets. And two men died there. Two men dead,’ he says.

Ismael says the men killed were civilians. He says his mother and father, who suffer from diabetes, have had to be taken to the hospital because of the stress of the bombing, and his children are afraid. He says he’s heard civilian casualty statistics on the pro-Gadhafi state TV channels.”

NATO did not report any strikes near Gheryan on that day.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the vicinity of Gheryan (غريان) city. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Gheryan are: 32.169687, 13.019377.

NATO forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    NATO forces
  • NATO forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-055

Incident date

March 30, 2011

Location

خوروم, Khorum, Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

Geolocation

32.169687, 13.019377 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Subdistrict level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A toddler, the 18-months old Sirajuddin al-Sweisi, was reportedly killed in a NATO airstrike on Brega.

The Boston News wrote: “Nizha Abdel-Salam and her family say her 18-month old son Sirajuddin al-Sweisi was killed when debris pierced the wall of their home as NATO airstrikes hit an ammunition [dump] near their village of Khorum early Tuesday morning.
‘The house shook and there was so much dust everywhere we couldn’t see in front of us,’ she said.

“The family’s account of the child’s death could not be independently confirmed. The Libyan government says more than 100 people have been killed by airstrikes since the international campaign began on March 19. It says the number includes civilians and military personnel, but it has not provided a breakdown.”

In addition, it was mentioned that “some neighbors said there were injuries, but the only death in the town was young al-Sweisi.”

Various sources on social media also reported the death of the infant.

The incident occured at approximately 6:00 am local time.

The victims were named as:

Sirajuddin al-Sweisi
1 years old male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces
  • Suspected target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Khorum (خوروم), allegedly located within the vicinity of Gheryan (غريان). Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Gheryan are: 32.169687, 13.019377.

NATO forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    NATO forces
  • NATO forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    NATO forces
  • Suspected target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-155

Incident date

August 29, 2011

Location

إقامة عائلة جفارة, Residence of Jfara family, Misurata, Libya

Geolocation

31.738333, 13.995833 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (other) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between five and six civilians were allegedly killed by a NATO airstrike on Bani Walid.

A Human Rights Watch investigation found: “During the night of August 29 or the early morning of August 30, 2011, NATO aircraft struck two adjacent homes belonging to Fathi Abdulsalam Jfara and his son Farid Fathi Jfara in the town of Bani Walid, 170 kilometers southeast of Tripoli. The attack killed five members of the family—two men, two woman and one girl—and wounded another girl.

Human Rights Watch obtained copies of the medical reports for all five victims issued by Bani Walid General Hospital, which listed the date of death as August 30. The causes of death were a variety of traumatic injuries, including a fractured skull and internal bleeding. Human Rights Watch also obtained copies of the five death certificates, which put the date of death for each person as August 30 and the cause of death as ‘NATO strike.'”

The NGO interwieved one of the family member of those killed in the attack: “A few seconds before, the family was sitting and chatting together. And then it went quiet. I started running away from the area. People expected they would strike the whole neighborhood; children, women, everyone started evacuating the area. I was crying and asking people for help, ‘My family is dead! My family is dead!’

According to Farid Jfara and other witnesses, the electricity was out in the area, so neighbors brought cars with headlights to search for the wounded and dead. He said:

‘We first found three bodies: my father, my mother and brother Fadel. Their bodies flew 25 meters from the porch to the outside. We didn’t see them immediately. We were looking under the wreckage. And they found my little sister Farah lying by my house. Our homes are seven meters apart. Some of her limbs had flown off and her organs had flown out too.’

Someone heard a sound of my sister Fairuz—a faint, high-pitch scream from under the rubble. I was traumatized by what happened, so I was crying by the main door, but I heard someone shooting into the air and crying, ‘She is alive! She is alive!’ so I tried to get to her. They stopped me and kept me away.

The wounded girl, Fairuz Fathi Jfara, 15, suffered head wounds and is recovering from difficulties with her speech and hearing, family members said.”

In an apparent contradiction to Farid Jfara’s statement which said the strike hit at 3.30am “Human Rights Watch interviewed four neighbors, three of whom said the attack took place at 8 p.m. on August 29. All of them said they lived in a residential neighborhood that had not seen military activity.”

Mustafa Al Fitouri also reported five deaths from the Jfara family.

Libya24 and Bani Walid Blogger reported and additional death.

NATO on that day declared striking “2 Command and Control Node, 1 Military Ammo Storage Facility” near Bani Walid.

The incident occured between 3:30 am and 8:00 pm local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (6)

55 years old male killed
51 years old female killed
30 years old female killed
23 years old male killed
9 years old male killed
15 years old female killed

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child2 women2–3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    NATO forces
  • Known target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (21) [ collapse]

  • Members of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bassam Abo Vana)
  • Members of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Najma Faraj)
  • Fathi Jfara, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Tawarghae libya)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Members of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)
  • Home of the Jfara family, allegedly killed by NATO airstrike on Bani Walid on August 29th, 2011 (via Bani Walid Blog)

Geolocation notes (1) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention the house of Jfara family (جفارة) being struck, within the city of Bani Walid (زليتن), the exact location of which has been published by Human Rights Watch. The exact coordinates are: 31.738333, 13.995833.

  • Reports of the incident mention the house of Jfara family (جفارة) being struck, within the city of Bani Walid (زليتن), the exact location of which has been published by Human Rights Watch.

    Imagery:
    Google Earth

NATO forces Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    NATO forces
  • NATO forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

NATO forces

In the vicinity of Bani Walid: 2 Command and Control Node, 1 Military Ammo Storage Facility.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child2 women2–3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Known attacker
    NATO forces
  • Known target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-170

Incident date

September 20, 2011

Location

سرت‎, Sirte, Libya

Geolocation

31.190547, 16.571441 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On September 20th, 2011, Reuters reported that a spokesman for Gaddafi stated that 151 civilians were killed due to shelling on Sirte.

This number was unable to be verified. Independent investigators later found that civilian casualty number reported by the Gaddafi regime were hugely inflated of fabricated.

NATO confirmed airstrikes on “1 Command and Control Node, 5 Surface to Air Missile Systems” near Sirte.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    151
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Known attacker
    NATO forces
  • Known target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Sirte (سرت‎), for which the generic coordinates are: 31.190547, 16.571441. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

NATO forces Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    NATO forces
  • NATO forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

NATO forces

In the vicinity of Sirte: 1 Command and Controle Node, 5 Surface to Air Missile Systems.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Declared strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    151
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Known attacker
    NATO forces
  • Known target
    Gaddafi forces

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-113

Incident date

June 20, 2011

Location

الرويسات, Roiussat, Misurata, Libya

Geolocation

32.364997, 15.110699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A child was allegedly killed and his mother severely injured by Gaddafi forces artillery shelling on the Roiussat area of Misurata.

Al Somood reported: “The missile that fell yesterday evening in the Roiussat area was at the house of the Abu Shaiba family. A child was killed and his mother was seriously injured and she is now in the intensive care room.”

Libya Alahrar TV and @RanimMoh wrote he was 16 years old, Al Zawiya said 14.

Al Aan said the father was also injured.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

16 years old male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Gaddafi Forces
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Video of the aftermath
  • Another video showing the aftermath

Geolocation notes (1) [ collapse]

Reports of the incident mention the neighbourhood of Roiussat (الرويسات) within the city of Misrata (مصراتة). Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further. The generic coordinates for Roiussat are: 32.364997, 15.110699.

  • Reports of the incident mention the neighbourhood of Roiussat (الرويسات) within the city of Misrata (مصراتة).

    Imagery:
    Google Earth

Gaddafi Forces Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Gaddafi Forces
  • Gaddafi Forces position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Gaddafi Forces
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

Lib2011-006

Incident date

February 17, 2011

Location

درنة‎, Derna, Libya

Geolocation

32.755841, 22.637778 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

On February 17th 2011, between three and six protestors were shot dead by Gaddafi security forces in Derna, with between 15 and 25 additionally wounded, as reported by Al Jazeera and Wiki News.

Al Jazeera reports “Large numbers of demonstrators also went out today in the city of Derna, east of Benghazi, interspersed with burning of headquarters and demanding the overthrow of the Libyan regime.”

Three men were reported killed by Gaddafi in a Facebook post from the National Front for Justice and Equality, with another three reported dead in a Facebook post from Here is Libya.

A video on the “Gaddafi to the dustbin of history” Facebook post shows an attack on the security directorate of in Derna.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–25
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected target
    Libyan rebel forces

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Three men reported killed during the protests in Derna, taken from https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=498740801785&set=gm.111473818929834
  • Death notice for six victims, taken from https://www.facebook.com/447016525319646/photos/a.447927638561868/467281736626458/

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the city of Derna (درنة‎), for which the generic coordinates are: 32.755841, 22.637778. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–25
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected target
    Libyan rebel forces

Sources (14) [ collapse]