Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

Incident date

October 7, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0007

LOCATION

قرب مستشفى غزة الاوروبي, Vicinity of Gaza European Hospital, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 7th 2023, two civilians were reportedly killed and others were wounded in an alleged Israeli drone strike near the European Hospital area located in the southern Gaza Strip. There is limited reporting on the incident. However, a tweet from user @Shehabagency writes that two Palestinians were killed and ‘others’ were reportedly injured. The

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Geolocation
Nearby landmark
View Incident

Incident date

October 7, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0018

LOCATION

جنوب غزة, Gaza City, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On Saturday, October 7th 2023, a young man was killed in an alleged Israeli airstrike south of Gaza city. The Palestinian Center for Human Rights (PCHR) identified him as Amir Abdullah al-Khor, aged 19, further noting that he was just passing by the area when he was killed in the bombing. A relative of the

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
1 named
Geolocation
City
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0046

LOCATION

قشطة, Qishta, Rafah, the Gaza Strip

In the morning of October 9th 2023, an Israeli airstrike allegedly hit the Qishta family home, south of Rafah in the Gaza Strip, reportedly killing two civilians, 45 year old Faisal Mohsen Muhammad Qishta and his 25 year old daughter Nour Al-Huda Qishta. Sources additionally reported a further 12 to 14 civilians were injured. Multiple

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
12–14
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
2
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0027

LOCATION

الشيخ عجلين, Sheikh Ijlin, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

At least 10 members of the Shamlakh family, including three children, were reportedly killed when an alleged Israeli aircraft bombed their home on Street 10, south of Gaza City, on October 8th, 2023. The strike is believed to have occurred at approximately 8:30pm. Grandfather Abdulnaser Asaad Shamlakh was 56 years old, and was reportedly killed

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10 – 12
(3 children2 women5 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
10 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
10
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0028

LOCATION

الشجاعي, Al Shujaiya, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Brothers Hammad Mahmoud Harara (Abu Mahmoud Harara), Taha Mahmoud Harara, Mohamed Mahmoud Harara, and their cousin Fourat Jamal Harara were killed and an unknown number of others were injured at approximately 17:30 on 08 October 2023. They were killed in their home on Al-Mantar Street in the east of the Al-Shujaiya neighbourhood in east Gaza

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 5
(4 men)
Civilians reported injured
2–7
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 7, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0008

LOCATION

عبسان الكبيرة, Abasan al-Kabira, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 7th 2023, 18 members of the same family, including at least five children and four women, were reportedly killed in an Israeli military airstrike, leaving at least one survivor, 11 year-old Tala Abu Daqqa, with injuries. Other sources reported that between 25 to 150 civilians were injured. The attack took place at 11pm in

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Apartment Building
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
18
(5–6 children4–5 women7 men)
Civilians reported injured
25–150
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
19 named, 1 familiy identified
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0034

LOCATION

قرب مسجد علي بن أبي طالب, Vicinity of Ali Bin Abi Talib Mosque, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 8th 2023, Israeli aircraft reportedly bombed a residential building in Al-Zaytoun, Gaza City, resulting in an unspecified number of civilians killed and wounded. While posts shared by Shehab News Agency and other social media users claim that people were inside the building at the time of the strike, no details are currently available

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Geolocation
Nearby landmark
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0051

LOCATION

بجوار محطة بنزين عصفور, Vicinity of Asfour petrol station, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th 2023, Israeli Defence Forces allegedly conducted an airstrike on a residential building located in Bani Suhalia in Khan Yunis. The strike reportedly killed members of the Al-Najjar family: Ramadan Ibrahim Al-Najjar (45 years old), his wife Nadiya, his brother Mazen Fawzi Al-Najjar (34 years old) and his niece Salma Hamouda Al-Najjar (6 years old). WAFA News

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 8
(1 child1 woman2 men)
Civilians reported injured
7
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
3
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0075

LOCATION

جباليا, Jabalia, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Six civilians, including three children, from three generations of the same family, were killed when an alleged Israeli airstrike hit a residential building in the al-Hawaber area of Jabalia refugee camp in the Gaza Strip on either the 9th or 10th of October, 2023. The first source to report on the event, a post uploaded

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6
(3 children3 women)
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
6 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
3
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0042

LOCATION

مسجد بلال بن رباح, Bilal bin Rabah Mosque, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

Up to six civilians were killed and three civilians were injured, across three generations of the Daloul family, when an alleged Israeli bomb hit their home on October 9th 2023. The house was next to the Bilal bin Rabah Mosque, east of Gaza city. Surviving members of the family were reported to have had to

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 6
(1–3 children2 women2–4 men)
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Suspected target
Palestinian Forces
Named victims
9 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Nearby landmark
Belligerents reported killed
1
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0036

LOCATION

مخيم النصيرات, Nuseirat camp, Deir al-Balah, the Gaza Strip

An alleged Israeli airstrike that hit the civilian home of the Younis family in Nuseirat refugee camp on the 8th of October 2023 killed six members of the family, five of them civilians, and injured a child. While reports immediately after the strike reported a lower death toll, later reports were agreed that six civilians

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5
(2 children3 women)
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
5 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
Belligerents reported killed
1
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0053

LOCATION

شارع الأرنب, خان يونس, Vicinity of Al Arnab street, Khan Younis, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th, 2023, the Israeli military allegedly conducted an airstrike on the house belonging to the Al-Astal family on Al Arnab street in the center of Khan Yunis, south of the Gaza Strip. 19 people were reported injured as a result of the strike and at least four civilians were killed, including two children

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 5
(2 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
19
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Suspected target
Palestinian Forces
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
3
Geolocation
Street
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0043

LOCATION

تل الزعتر, Tal al Zaatar, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On 9 October at approximately 3:30 am, at least four civilians, including two women and two children, were killed and at least one further civilian injured in an alleged Israeli airstrike on a house in Tal Al-Zaatar, located in the north of the Gaza Strip. A report from the Defense of Children International identified 8-month-old

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children2 women)
Civilians reported injured
1–4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
5 named
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0041

LOCATION

مخيّم النصيرات, Nuseirat camp, Deir Al Balah, the Gaza Strip

On the October 8th, 2023, Hamid Kamal Abu Aoun (36 years old) was killed along with his three children in an alleged Israeli airstrike on his home in the Al Nuseirat camp. In the attack, carried out at dawn, Hamid Aoun’s two sons Kamal Hamid Abu Aoun (13 years old) and Omar Hamid Abu Aoun (five

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(3 children1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0055

LOCATION

مخيم البريج, Al Bureij camp, Deir Al Balah, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th, 2023, an alleged Israeli airstrike on a residential house located east of the al-Bureij refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip killed a woman, Ola Ziyad Abdel Aziz (also referred to as Ola Abdel Aziz Abdeen), and her four sons – Areej, Muhammad, Adam, and Qais. Only one source, Shehab Agency, also

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5
(4 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
5 named, 1 familiy identified
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0218

LOCATION

الشجاعي, Al Shujaiya, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 15th an alleged Israeli airstrike killed four civilians identified as Sami Al Khudari (60 years old), his son Nour Al Khudari (19 years old), Hamad Al Khudari, and Mujahed al Khudari and injured many others while they were at their home on Al Nizar street, Al Shujaiya neighborhood in east Gaza. Reports referenced Nour

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(4 men)
Civilians reported injured
5–10
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Healthcare
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
2
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0022

LOCATION

مسجد اليرموك, Yarmouk Mosque, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On the evening of October 8th 2023, 12 people were reported injured, including a baby, when an alleged Israeli strike hit Yarmouk Mosque in the Gaza Strip. The mosque was reported to be completely destroyed. A tweet from @ShehabAgency stated that 12 injured people arrived at the Al-Shifa Medical complex, while other sources mentioned that

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Water
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
12
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Food
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Known belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident

Incident date

October 15, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0236a

LOCATION

الأمل, Al Amal, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 15th 2023, five members of the Abu Musa family, including two children, a woman, and two men, were reportedly killed and at least two children from the same family and a man were reportedly injured by an alleged Israeli bombing in the Al Amal neighbourhood in Khan Yunis, located in the South of

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5
(2 children1 woman2 men)
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
7 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
5
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0023

LOCATION

محافظة شمال غزة, North Gaza governorate, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On Sunday the 8th of October 2023, it was reported that civilians were injured when the Israeli military bombed the Abu al-Jubain family home, in the northern Gaza Strip. This event was mentioned by multiple sources such as BintAl Assifa, Abul Salam Qamoum, Mohammed al-Yusuf and local news source MSDR News. Individuals in Gaza @WaellodaOda

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Geolocation
District
View Incident

Incident date

October 31, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0783

LOCATION

مخيم جباليا, Jabalia camp, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 31, 2023 confirmed Israeli strikes on the densely populated Jabalia refugee camp killed at least 126 civilians, including 68 children. A further 280 civilians were reported injured by the director of the nearby Indonesian Hospital. A second strike hit the same location the following day, though the full casualty assessment for that incident

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 17, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
126 – 143
(69 children22 women29 men)
Civilians reported injured
280
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Confirmed
A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
Known belligerent
Israeli Military
Known target
Palestinian Forces
Named victims
112 named, 11 families identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Exact location (other)
Belligerents reported killed
12–24
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0031

LOCATION

مخيم النصيرات 5, Al Nuseirat Camp 5, Deir Al Balah, the Gaza Strip

On October 8th 2023, a civilian home in the Nuseirat camp in the central Gaza Strip was reportedly hit by an Israeli airstrike killing between four and five civilians from the same family, including at least two children, and wounding between 21 and 22 others. According to Al Mezan Centre for Human Rights, the Israeli

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Apartment Building
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 5
(2–3 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
21–22
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
6 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
4
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0054

LOCATION

مسجد أحمد ياسين و المسجد الغربي, Ahmed Yassin and Al Gharbi mosques, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th 2023, at approximately 4:30 am, three civilians, including two women and a young girl, were killed and a dozen civilians were injured in an alleged Israeli airstrike on Ahmed Yassin mosque and Al-Gharbi mosque located in the Al-Shati refugee camp in the Gaza Strip. Ahmed Yassin mosque is situated opposite the Al-Shati

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Religious
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(1–2 children1–2 women)
Civilians reported injured
12
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
15 named
Geolocation
Nearby landmark
View Incident

Incident date

October 21, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0419

LOCATION

خربة العدس , Khirbat Al Adas, Rafah, the Gaza Strip

Between six and ten civilians were reported killed, including at least one member of the Palestinian Civil Defense and five children, when alleged Israeli missiles struck a Palestinian Civil Defense facility alongside the Dahir family home on October 21st, 2023. A number of other civilians, including Palestinian Civil Defense members, were also injured. The incident

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 10
(5–8 children1 woman2 men)
Civilians reported injured
4–11
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Healthcare
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
6 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
6
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0025

LOCATION

مدرسة الفاخورة, Al-Fakhoura school, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 8th 2023, Israeli military aircraft were reported to have carried out an airstrike on the Al-Najjar family home in the Al-Fakhoura area of the Jabalia refugee camp in north Gaza, killing an unknown number of people and injuring at least four people. The Shehab Agency tweeted that there were “injuries as the [Israeli]

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Geolocation
Nearby landmark
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0049

LOCATION

المواسي, Al Mawasi, Rafah, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th 2023 the home of the Al-Lahham family was allegedly hit by Israeli airstrikes, reportedly killing up to 20 civilians, including at least 14 members of the Al-Laham family, and one child was reportedly injured. The bombardment took place in Al-Mawasi, west of Khan Yunis Governorate, south of the Gaza Strip. Initial sources

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
14 – 20
(7 children4 women3 men)
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
15 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
14
Geolocation
Neighbourhood/area
View Incident

Incident date

October 10, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0102k

LOCATION

جباليا, Jabalia, North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 10th, 2023, two civilians, including a child, were killed after alleged Israeli warplanes struck a residential building in the Jabalia refugee Camp. Hisam Mohammed Al Amsi posted on Facebook that his nephew Ahmed Ayman Al-Amsi was reportedly killed in the airstrike. Defense for Children International (DCI) Palestine later added that Ahmed Ayman Al-Amsi

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 child1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
2 named
Names matched with MoH IDs
2
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0075b

LOCATION

القرارة, Al Qarara, Khan Younis, the Gaza Strip

On October 9th 2023, between five and eight civilians, including up to three children and four women, were reportedly killed and several others injured when Israeli forces allegedly struck the home of the Abu Al-Omrain family in Al-Qarara in southern Gaza. According to available reports, the bombing destroyed the home and caused significant damage to

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 8
(2–3 children2–4 women1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
8 named, 1 familiy identified
Names matched with MoH IDs
7
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 8, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0026

LOCATION

بيت حانون, Beit Hanoun , North Gaza, the Gaza Strip

At least one civilian, a young man Muhammad Raed Abu Amsha “Abu Islam” (31 years old), was killed and others were wounded on October 8th, 2023 in the Abu Amsha family home in the Beit Hanoun neighborhood of the Gaza Strip, in a strike allegedly carried out by Israeli aircraft. Condolences messages were posted by

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Residential
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Named victims
1 named
Names matched with MoH IDs
1
Geolocation
Town
View Incident

Incident date

October 10, 2023

Incident Code

ISPT0078

LOCATION

مصنع سرايو العوديه, Sarayo Alwadiya factory, Gaza, the Gaza Strip

On October 10th 2023, at least four firefighters were reportedly injured by an Israeli airstrike in an industrial zone located in the Gaza Strip whilst extinguishing fires in the area. The firefighters were reportedly extinguishing fires at a cleaning supplies factory. A Facebook post from the Palestinian Civil Defense reports that the crew experienced various

Summary

First published
November 1, 2023
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4–5
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Impact
Healthcare
Impact on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See methodology note for details.
Suspected belligerent
Israeli Military
Geolocation
Exact location (other)
View Incident

Published

October 2023

Overview

This overview is intended to accompany the publication of our incidents of civilian harm related to the use of explosive weapons in the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023.

Airwars applies the same general methodology to all conflicts monitored, which is available on our website here. This methodology has been assessed as highly conformant with Every Casualty’s Standards for Casualty Recording.

This methodology note explains in detail how we are applying our standard approach to monitoring civilian harm incidents in Gaza from explosive weapons use. Additional methodology notes will be released tailored to each other monitoring area, such as civilian harm in Israel from the actions of Hamas militants.

Read more about our casualty recording work

In June 2023, at the Human Rights Council’s 53rd session, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) presented its report on the impact of casualty recording on the promotion and protection of human rights, which included a number of references to Airwars’ casualty recording efforts.

Our work has also been researched by academics at the University of Sydney, Heather Ford and Michael Richardson, in their paper: Framing data witnessing: Airwars and the production of authority in conflict monitoring. You can read an executive summary of their findings here.

Dataset overview

All incidents are an aggregate of all open source accounts alleging civilian harm occurred in a particular moment in space and time. We consider our incidents as ‘live’, and should be updated over time to account for new information that may come to light, or may not have been identified by Airwars during the original research.

Defining an incident

Airwars uses an incident-based approach to document harm to civilians from explosive weapons use: each incident is defined as a moment in time and space where sources alleged that an explosive weapon led to the fatality or injury of civilians. We are also capturing shooting incidents and ground operations where we can, though our main focus is on explosive weapons. This does not include incidents where only militants were killed or injured, however we do capture the details of militants killed or injured in events alongside civilians.

Airwars assumes civilian status unless otherwise specified. Any ambiguity on civilian status is captured within our casualty and belligerent ranges (see below).

Where the exact time of an incident is unknown, deaths and injuries may be aggregated under one event until more information comes to light.

Each incident is geolocated to the highest possible degree of accuracy by trained geolocation teams. Airwars additionally cross-checks existing geolocation efforts from the wider open source community, and includes credit to such work where applicable. Airwars also encourages feedback from open source experts on each assessment, and incorporates updates and feedback where possible.

Where locations cannot be identified, incidents will be aggregated until more information is known.

Source identification

As an all source aggregate, Airwars treats all sources as relevant to an incident depending on their proximity to the harm event and the level of detail available about the event. Airwars includes all sources regardless of political or ideological affiliation. Inclusion of sources in the archive should not be taken as an endorsement of the source.

All our sources for harm events in Gaza are identified by our trained team of Arabic-language researchers; we primarily identify sources in the language local to the area where the harm has occurred. Additional English-language sources are added depending on their relevance to the harm event. As we also evolve our focus to harm events reported by Hebrew-language resources, we will also mobilise our Hebrew language teams and apply the same local-language led approach.

All information is assessed, written up and archived within each assessment in order to allow users to conduct further investigation.

As we also work to identify attribution of harm, names of victims and victims demographics where known, we are reconciling names and other information published by official channels, such as the Palestinian Ministry of Health, with our incidents.

Official fatality lists Updated August 14th 2024

This spreadsheet will be updated with the list of names published by the Ministry of Health with rough transliterations of names into English, alongside original and archived sources.

Information categorisation

Attribution

Strike status (while we use the term ‘strike’ here, this should also be taken to mean any action involving the use of an explosive weapon, including, for example, a VBIED). All incidents are cross-checked with official statements from the Israel Defense Forces, militant wings of Hamas and other Palestinian military groups, and are included as follows:

Declared: The declared strike classification applies to incidents in which a belligerent has accepted responsibility explicitly for carrying out a strike on a specific location or specific target. This includes any statement made by an official from the Israeli government or from official channels or websites linked to Palestinian militant groups (Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hamas).

Likely: The likely strike classification applies to incidents in which at least two or more sources that reported on the incident explicitly attributed the strikes to a belligerent. In Gaza, Airwars’ Arabic-language researchers take typical local references and language used to describe Israel Defense Forces to identify local attribution, as the term ‘Israeli state’ is rarely explicitly referenced.

Contested: The contested strike classification includes incidents in which attribution of the strike to one belligerent was not agreed upon by all sources reporting on the incident, specifically when sources attribute a strike to both Palestinian forces (Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hamas) and Israeli forces. Incidents where no sources attribute a strike and the resulting civilian harm to a specific belligerent are graded as contested until more information comes to light.

Single source claims: only one source was found with an explicit allegation of harm from a belligerent.

Civilian harm status

Confirmed: A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for the killing or injuring of non-combatants or allied forces in a particular incident.

Fair: Where, in the view of Airwars, there is a reasonable level of public reporting of an alleged civilian casualty incident from two or more sources which includes attribution to a specific belligerent. In the context of reporting in the Gaza Strip, Airwars has found that explicit attribution to Israeli forces is rare, and instead is assumed by sources given the intensity of bombardment. Incidents are therefore assessed as ‘fair’ if at least one source mentions a belligerent in a credible harm incident. Incidents will be updated to reflect alternative attribution should that come to light at a later stage. In our ‘strike status’ category, as mentioned above, we will still refer to incidents with only one source explicitly attributing the harm to a belligerent as ‘single source claims’ to reflect the information environment.

Weak: These are presently claims seen by Airwars as ‘place-holder’ incidents until more information comes to light, given a lack of corroborating sources on either civilian harm or likely belligerent.

Contested: These occur where there are competing claims of responsibility within the sources: for example, sources may both attribute the harm to misfire from a Hamas rocket, or to an Israeli airstrike. There may also be inconclusive evidence supporting attribution to both belligerents, for example competing interpretations of munition fragments or blast impacts.

Discounted: This criteria is often applied to incidents that may have at first fallen into one of the above categories, but new information came to light since publication that suggests the original source material was incorrect. For example, more information may come to light about the identities of victims initially classified as civilians, that strongly suggests such individuals were combatants. Airwars researchers judge this information objectively and on a case by case basis.

Casualty ranges

As with all assessments, Airwars presents casualty figures recorded in an incident within a range.

All assessments include a minimum and maximum for both civilians and, if applicable, militants (‘belligerents’) injured and killed, taking the most recent figure from unique sources. For example, a source may initially say five civilians were killed. As more information on the incident becomes available, the same source may then say that the number rose to 10. In this case we would take the ‘10’ as this reflects the source’s updated understanding of events.

In the assessment summary, an explanation is offered as to the rationale behind the casualty range.

In cases where civilian status is contested, Airwars applies the minimum casualty range ‘0’ to both the civilian casualty field and to the belligerent field.

Information related to missing individuals, or civilians buried under the rubble following an attack is recorded in Airwars’ summary. The number of missing individuals would only be added to our death toll ranges if sources specified that those civilians have been killed. When new information comes to light regarding the fate of these victims, we would update the assessment accordingly, as well as our ranges.

Images and media referenced

As we are uploading images at pace for this project, all images have been automatically blurred to warn for graphic content given the high volume of graphic material. Less graphic images will be unblurred in due course.

Please also note that we include all images related to the sources identified, which can include images of militants.

All images are used under fair use as archival material. If you would like us to take down any images, please contact us at the info email listed below, using the subject line ‘Image use’.

Identification of victims

Airwars is also matching names of civilians identified through open source investigation with official names and IDs released by the Palestinian Ministry of Health where possible. As in other conflicts monitored, Airwars also records incidents of civilian harm where not all victims were named by sources, or where sources did not provide the victim’s full family name.

Impact

Airwars is tracking the reported impact of the use of explosive weapons on services or infrastructure relating to education, health or food supply. See below for more details on what is being included in each category:

    Education – Reported damage or destruction to education infrastructure (school, university, etc.) and/or injured or killed education staff Health – Reported damage or destruction to healthcare infrastructure or vehicles (ambulance, hospital, clinic, etc.), and/or healthcare staff (doctors, nurses, rescuers, etc.), killed or injured Food – reported damage or destruction to food infrastructure (food markets, agricultural land, food factory, water infrastructure, etc.) or machinery (tractor, etc.), and/or injured or killed civilians working in the food or agricultural sector, and/or livestock killed or injured

Updating our assessments

If you have lost loved ones in an incident listed on the Airwars site and would like to get in touch – or would like to ask us to remove a photo or to add another – then please also contact us at the info email listed below.

Errors and corrections

We strive for accuracy and transparency of process in our reporting and presentation. Our casualty monitoring is continually evolving, representing our best current understanding of any alleged incidents.

If you have new information about a particular event, or details we haven’t included; if you find an error in our work; or if you have concerns about the way we are reporting our data, then do please reach us at the info email listed below with the subject line ‘Assessment update’.

Contact: info [at] airwars [dot] org

▲ Satellite imagery, screenshot from Google Earth, October 2023