Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS545

Incident date

February 4, 2016

Location

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.180995, 37.151892 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Shaam News Network, reported that five non-combatants died in Fardous as part of “Russian aggression on different areas in Aleppo” on Thursday February 4th.

The Syrian Press Center reported that Russian warplanes carried out “a number of raids on Al Mashhad and al Ferdous in the city of Aleppo, which resulted in the death of 11 civilians, including women and children, as well as others injured, some in critical condition.”

Alnateq Press, Shahba Press and Akhtbar el Thawra Elsouriya also reported Russian strikes on Fardous.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.“ It added: “Two powerful field commanders were liquidated in the Aleppo province.In the suburbs of Kalaz-Tahtani, a large illegal armed group with its commander, “Abu Maher” (“Farid Al-Misri”) was eliminated by an airstrike.The field commander “Abu Anas Al-Sham” from the Jaysh al-Sham terrorist group was liquidated in the territory of the same province.” It also said that “Russian aviation eliminated open ISIS oil storages in the Aleppo province.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS578

Incident date

February 9, 2016

Location

مارع, Mare', Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.482582, 37.19593 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians including one woman died and ten others were injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Mare’ according to local sources.

The Violations Documentation Center named two adult males and one adult female as killed in a Russian airstrike on Mare’.

The White Helmets said warplanes targeted the town with a vacuum missile, injuring several people who were taken to field hospitals. They reported “great destruction of builidings“, but they did not say who the warplanes belonged to, nor provide numbers of deaths.

Shaam News also reported three deaths in the town, but did not say that Russia was responsible.

Both the citizen journalist Ali Ahmad Alnajjar and Shahba Press posted videos showing widespread destruction of what looks to be a civilian neighborhood. Shahba said Russian planes struck with a “parachute-carried rocket“, adding that six homes were destroyed and three civilians killed, with more than ten wounded.

All4Syria, Damascus Center for Human Rights, Halab News and Syrian Press Center also attributed the incident to Russia.

The three victims were named by the VDC.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult female Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Witness: the destruction of six houses fully and considerable material damage caused by the air strikes of Russian occupation planes with a parachute-carried rocket on the city of Mare` in the countryside of Aleppo which led to the martyrdom of three civilians and wounding more than 10 others. Testimony by Civil Defense member: At 10.30 a.m today the Russian warplanes targeted this area, as you can see, which led to three martyrs and 10 wounded. May God help us.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.” It added: “Two powerful field commanders were liquidated in the Aleppo province.In the suburbs of Kalaz-Tahtani, a large illegal armed group with its commander, “Abu Maher” (“Farid Al-Misri”) was eliminated by an airstrike.The field commander “Abu Anas Al-Sham” from the Jaysh al-Sham terrorist group was liquidated in the territory of the same province.” It also said that “Russian aviation eliminated open ISIS oil storages in the Aleppo province.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 woman2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS611

Incident date

February 15, 2016

Location

النشابية, Al Nashabiya, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.514157, 36.487656 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Shaam News Network reported that “Russian enemy planes launched dozens of raids on the towns of eastern Ghouta” leading to the death of one civilian in Al Nashabiya.

Abu-Muaz Al Dumi also blamed Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Named by Zaman Masdar and the Damascus Media Office killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage showing the supposed victims of the strike. (via, Douma revolution)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia makes no public mention of having carried out strikes in Damascus from February 10th – February 16th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS643

Incident date

February 19, 2016

Location

مسكنة, Maskanah, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.964534, 38.036764 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two children died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Maskanah, according to local sources.

The Violations Documentation Center listed two unidentified male children as killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Maskanah. Syria News Desk reported that “two children from the same family died and four wounded in a Russian airstrikes which also caused the destruction of two houses.” Chamtimes also blamed Russia, reporting the death of two children and “many” wounded.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian raid on Maskanah, Feb 19th, which sources reported killed two children (via Syria News Desk)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS675

Incident date

February 26, 2016

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Eleven civilians including six children and three women were killed and up to 60 others injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Douma, according to local sources.

Shaam News Network reported that “intense air raids by the Russian enemy on civilian homes in the city of Douma led to the fall of many wounded including women and children.”

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that at least five non-combatants died – “a citizen woman, man and two of his children and the child of his brother” – when suspected Russian warplanes carried out around 30 raids on areas in city, Ein Tarma and elsewhere in al-Marj and in the Eastern Ghouta. It later reported the death toll had risen to eight and added that the death toll was expected to rise because there were more than 20 people injured, some in critical condition. Friday Prayers in Douma were cancelled as a result of the strikes.

According to the Damascus White Helmets, there were more than 10 raids by Russian warplanes on residential areas in Douma, in conjunction with “violent artillery shelling“. Most other sources also blamed Russia, with accounts of the number of raids carried out varying between 20 and 50.

Syrian Press Centre reported that “Russian warplanes have launched 21 air raid targeted the neighbourhoods of the city of Douma on Friday, resulting in the fall of the eight martyrs dozens wounded, most of them children, were killed.”

According to Al Jazeera, there were “more than 50 Russian warplane raids in Eastern Ghouta on Douma, Jobar, Ain Tarma and Zamalaka which killed 11 people and wounded many others. Five of the dead were in Douma.”

Baladi, attributing the incident to Russia, also put the death toll at eight, but said that as many as 60 were injured – most of them women and children.

However, Al Souria appeared to blame both Russia and the regime, saying: “the Russian and regime Aviation targeted a number of residential neighbourhoods within the city”. But it  went on to add: “According to media activists from the city of Douma there have been more than 22 documented raids targeted several neighbourhoods within the city, with three Russian planes circling the skies coinciding with surveillance planes.

For his part, the correspondent of ‘Douma coordinating committee’ on Facebook said that 20 raids was carried out by the Russian Aviation within one hour on the neighbourhoods of the city under bombardment from rocket launchers.”

However, other reports, including those by the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that the regime was responsible. Some other sources referred to “terrorist groups”. Hour News tweeted: “According to SANA [government news agency] terrorist groups attacked Douma and Jobar in Damascus with missiles and shelling” – though didn’t identify these groups.

Annahar added that “Jaysh Al-Islam in Eastern Ghouta accused the regime of throwing two explosive barrels in an apparent breach of the ceasefire.”

The Violations Documentation Centre named 11 victims, including six children and one woman, as killed in regime shelling.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Child female killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Adult male killed
Adult male killed

Family members (2)

Child female killed
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11
  • (6 children3 women4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–60
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (71) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (20) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Ismael Haj Yousef, killed in an alleged Russian raid. (via, VDC)
  • Moments after the alleged Russian and Syria Regime shelling began. (via, Qasioun)
  • Suspected alleged warplane which caused devastation and killed civilian casualties in Douma. (via, Qasioun)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Bodies of civilian casualties in the aftermath of the raid. (via, Masl15115 tweet)
  • A child describes in an interview his experiences as an airstrike hit his building. (via, Qasioun)
  • A child is rescued from the rubble by the White Helmets following an alleged Russian and Syria Regime raid. (via, SN4HR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged airstrikes on Douma. (via, Douma Revolution)
  • More footage showing the exact moments the airstrike fell. (via, Baladi-News Network)
  • Amina al Badawi, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Douma Revolution)
  • Omran Anwar Hamed, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Douma Revolution)
  • Rateb Hamed, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Douma Revolution)
  • Smoke rises in the aftermath of the raid. (via, SNN)
  • Smoke rises in the aftermath of the raid on Douma. (via, SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The body of a child is carried from the scene following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Baladi News)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Graphic image of a deceased adult male following the alleged raids in Douma. (via, The White Helmets)
  • Deceased civilians are carried away from the scene. (via, The White Helmets)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A seriously injured young boy receiving medical treatment following an alleged raid on Douma. (via, The Unified Medical Office for Douma)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Injured chilren receiving medical treatment following an alleged raid on Douma. (via, The Unified Medical Office for Douma)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured child receiving medical treatment following an alleged raid on Douma. (via, The Unified Medical Office for Douma)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Omran Anwar Hamed, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    11
  • (6 children3 women4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–60
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (71) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS707

Incident date

March 4, 2016

Location

الشيفونية, Al Shifoniyah, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5582404, 36.4335823 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and several others were wounded in raids on Al Shifoniyah, according to local reports – though it is currently unclear whether Russia or the Assad regime was responsible.

Shaam News Network reported that “After six days of calm the regime and Russia have returned to Douma to disturb the lives of civilians, after warplanes launched three violent raids on the outskirts of the city.”

Syrian PC reported that one non-combatant died and several more were wounded in raids by warplanes, though did not say who they belonged to. It went on to say that “activists reported one martyr and several wounded when warplanes targeted Al Shifoniya with two strikes“, but did not clarify who the warplanes belonged to.

According to the White Helmets, “warplanes carried out two strikes on al Shifoniya…at the same time as a violent artillery shelling and the filght [sic] of surveillance planes in the skies of eastern ghouta.”

The Violations Documentation Center also named these two victims but said that they were killed in regime shelling. Baladi News also blamed the regime, saying one person was killed and others wounded in the bombardment.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Zuhair Ali al-Masir
Adult male killed
Mustapha Mohammad Himmo
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Victim of the strikes targeting Al-Shifoniyah (via Baladi News)
  • Victim of the strikes targeting Al-Shifoniyah (via Damascus White Helmets)
  • Aftermath of the air raids in the town of Shifoniya (via Syrian Press Centre)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS739

Incident date

March 19, 2016

Location

مسكنة, Maskanah, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.964534, 38.036764 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to two sources – Syria_Omar and Syrian Press Center – two power station workers died in a strike on plant in Maskanah.

Syria_Omar reported:Warplanes launched 12 air strikes on the city of Maskaneh on Saturday, resulting in the deaths of workers of the power plant in the city after the station targeted by aerial bombardment. This put the station out of service.” Radar2 reported that warplanes (it didn’t identify them) had carried out 12 raid on Maskanah – “without reports of injuries”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Jabali Abd al-Atia
Adult male Originally from Sandalia killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS771

Incident date

April 27, 2016

Location

حي ‫‏بعيدين‬, Bei'deen (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2361737, 37.1832275 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several sources reported alleged Russian airstrikes on the neighbourhood of Bei’deen, which led to the death of one or more civilians including a child.

Halab Today correspondent said “four civilians [were] wounded in my neighborhood as a result of the aerial bombardment of the Russian air force”. LCCSY reported that one child was killed and one woman injured “after Russian planes target Bei’deen neighbourhood with an air raid”.

Smart News agency also reported the incident, but did not identity who was responsible or state the death toll.

Orient News reported the death of 25 civilians in a number of neighbourhoods and blamed Russia, explaining that “Russian aircraft [with] guided missiles targeted the residential buildings in my neighborhood, ‘Bustan Al-Qaser and Kallaseh’ in the city of Aleppo”, as well as the “neighborhoods Bei’deen and Alsakhur and Marjeh, and Tareek Al-Bab and Salheen and the  Ard Al Hamra “, which led to casualties among civilians.”

Baladi news also reported that the neighborhoods Bei’deen, Karam Altarab, Bab al-Nasr, and Bab Al-Hadeed had been targets of “artillery and missile and aerial bombing, leading to “martyrs and wounded”. It did not say who carried out the raids.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A man is pulled from the rubble after an alleged Russian airstrike on several Aleppo neighbourhoods, April 27th 2016 (via Baladi news)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]