Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS3477

Incident date

June 27, 2018

Location

نوى, Nawa, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported injuries among civilians as a result of raids allegedly by Russian forces on Nawa and other towns of Dara’a al Balad.

Shaam Network reported that “the raids also resulted in  a number of wounded in  Daraa al-Balad, Ghariyah al-Sharqiya, al-Harak, Saida, Nahata, Kahil, Nawa, Tasil, al Soura, Ibta’a, Shaikh Saad, Tafas and al Taibeh.”

No further information is available at the moment.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • "Heavy raids on southern Syria and humanitarian organizations concerned for the safety of civilians. Photo: smoke billowing from the town of Nawa, 30 km north of Daraa, in southern Syria, during regime forces air strikes, June 27, 2018."

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3108

Incident date

February 24, 2018

Location

مسرابا, Mesraba, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.55027, 36.39659 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were wounded in airstrikes on Mesraba, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the strikes.

Sources blamed heavy shelling for the destruction.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3503

Incident date

June 30, 2018

Location

غصم, Ghasam, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to 22 civilians including children, a woman and a civil defense volunteer were killed and others injured in alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara’a, Syria on June 30th, 2018, according to local sources. The sources also added that it was difficult to count the numbers of those killed and injured because of the heavy shelling.

@SyriaCivilDefe mourned their volunteer Adnan Mohamed who got killed in this incident. “With great sadness and sorrow, the Syrian civil defense mourns the volunteer Adnan Mohamed who died after Ghasam in the eastern countryside of Dara’a was bombed with barrel bombs this morning.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights said “Adnan Mohammad al Khalaf al Abeid, a civil defense member, from Sahwet al Qameh village in Dara’a governorate eastern suburbs, was killed as Syrian regime helicopters dropped several barrel bombs on Ghasam village in Dara’a governorate eastern suburbs, as he was rescuing victims of previous bombing, what led to a massacre, on June 30th, 2018.”

The Syrian Network for Human Rights said that a woman was also killed. “At least six civilians, including a woman, were killed as Syrian regime helicopters dropped several barrel bombs on Ghasam village in Dara’a governorate eastern suburbs, on June 30th, 2018.”

Dara’a Martyrs page said that a school used as a shelter for IDPs was bombed in the attack. “Helicopters of the regime forces targeted a school inhabited by displaced persons in the village of Ghasam in the eastern countryside of Dara’a, as part of the military campaign being launched on all cities and towns of the eastern countryside of Daraa, in conjunction with the targeting of the town of Ghasam with artillery shelling, and one of the explosive barrels that fell on the school located on the outskirts of the town of Ghasam. Ten people were killed, including a woman, three children, and a member of the civil defense.”

Al Jazeera reported that “According to preliminary information, 15 people were killed in heavy raids on the towns of eastern Daraa countryside, including ten in the town of Ghasam alone, which was a destination for the displaced from other areas in the countryside of Dara’a.”

Al Wan news raised the death toll saying that “22 civilians were killed, including women and children, and dozens were seriously wounded, as a result of the regime’s helicopters ’bombing today, Saturday, of residential neighborhoods in the town of Ghasam, in the eastern countryside of Dara’a. Local media reported that the regime’s helicopters dropped about six barrel bombs on the city’s neighborhoods, causing extensive damage to residential buildings.”

The head of the Local Council of the town told SMART Agency that “the aircraft dropped two large bombs on the town, one targeted a gathering of displaced people, killing 22 civilians and wounding others who sought a nearby hospital. He added that  the second bomb did not cause casualties, but caused severe damage to nearby houses, and the death of a number of livestock.”

Dara’a Martyrs documentation Page reported that regime helicopters dropped a barrel bomb on a shelter in Ghasam on this day in a statement. Other sources blamed Russian forces, for example Al jazeera, @AJABreaking, Local Coordination Committees of Syria and Shaam Network. Other sources blamed both Russia and the regime, like Step agency.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 22
  • (1 child1 woman1 man1 healthcare_personnel)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (15) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victims of the alleged Syrian regime or Russian airstrike against Ghasem village on June 30, 2018 (via Syrian Network for Human Rights)
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  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via Dara'a Martyrs Page).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Children killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via Dara'a Martyrs Page).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via Dara'a Martyrs Page).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civilians bodies after they were killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via @SyriaCivilDefe).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civilians bodies after they were killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via @SyriaCivilDefe).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian killed by Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghasam in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (Via @SyriaCivilDefe).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An infant killed by alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghosom in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (via Mohammed Al Hadid )
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An infant killed by alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ghosom in Dara'a on June 30th, 2018 (via Mohammed Al Hadid )

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 22
  • (1 child1 woman1 man1 healthcare_personnel)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4007

Incident date

August 11, 2019

Location

حيش, Haiysh, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

A source reported that one child was injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Haiysh, Idlib governorate, on August 11t, 2019.

Edlib Media Center stated that “a child was injured when Russian warplanes targeted Haiysh town, south of Idlib, with rockets.”

@baladinetwork also reported Russian airstrikes but did not mention civilian casualties. Hence, while the strike status for this event is graded as “fair”, the civilian harm status remains “weak”.

Currently, further information is unavailable to Airwars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4111

Incident date

October 19, 2019

Location

معرزيتا, Ma’ar Zieta, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.555418, 36.573707 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several civilians were wounded and civilian property was significantly damaged in an alleged Russian airstrike on the town of Maarzita, Idlib governorate, on October 19th, 2019, as reported by several local sources.

Shaam Network reported that “activists said that Russian warplanes bombed the town of Ma`ar zieta this morning with several raids, recording several wounded and significant destruction in civilian homes, coinciding with the continued artillery and rocket shelling by the regime in the region”.

@omargen919 tweeted that “Russian warplanes bombed the town of Maarzita this morning, and there are wounded.” None of the sources specifically identified how many civilians were injured.

A tweet by @la1mea also identified that “warplanes target with missiles the residential neighborhoods of the town of Maarzita.”

Four strikes were reportedly carried out on Ma`ar zieta, according to @brocarpress.

All of the sources that reported on the incident attributed the strikes to Russia.

The incident occured in the morning.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Alleged Russian airstrike on the village of Ma’ar Zieta, Idlib governorate, on October 19th 2019 (via MMC on Facebook).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4142

Incident date

November 6, 2019

Location

معرة النعمان, Ma’aret Al Nu’man, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.6477913, 36.6591881 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was killed and three others were wounded after an unexploded cluster bomb of an alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike was detonated in Ma’aret Al Nu’man, Idlib governorate, on November 6th, 2019.

Justice Organization identified the victim as Omar Al Bassas.

A tweet from @NagiNajjar reported “the death of the young man, “Omar Al-Bassas,” and the wounding of “Shadi Bassas,” “Ahmed Bassas,” “Ismail Bassas,” from the city of Maarat al-Nu`man, after a missile detonated from the remnants of a previous bombing by the warplanes on the city.”

It is unclear when the original airstrike took place.

Sources were contested as to who was responsible for the bombing of the cluster bomb that later exploded, with Almarra.today posting on Facebook that Russia was responsible while Rami Almaree posted that the regime was to blame.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Causes of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Omar Al Bassas was killed when a cluster bomb from a previous alleged Russian or Syrian regime air raid detonated on November 6th, 2019 (via Justice organization on Facebook).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Causes of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions, Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4177

Incident date

November 17, 2019

Location

سراقب, Saraqib, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Three to seven people reportedly died during several alleged Russian or Syrian air strikes on the northern outskirts of Saraqib, east of Idlib on the morning of November 17th 2019. Estimates of the number of injured people went as high as seven. While some sources claimed that the casualties were civilians, others identified them as combatants.

According to @MasarPressNet, three people were killed. @SyrianCivilDef (SCD) reported four casualties and the injury of SCD volunteer Musa Talib, who was struck by shrapnel during a rescue operation in the area. A SCD video shows White Helmets evacuating one severely burned corpse, as well as a SCD’s firefighting efforts in the affected area.

While most sources described the victims as civilians, @Xeber24 claimed that the raid had killed “seven militants loyal to Turkey and wounded five others”. The outlet reported that the seven militants had been killed while traveling by car. While @Shaamnews initially reported that the attack caused the death of four “martyrs”, it claimed in a later statement that the victims had belonged to rebel factions.

The incident was described by several sources as one part of Russia’s intensified raids on Idlib that day. Most reports attributed the air strikes to the Russian Armed Forces. @abmualso was the sole attained source claiming that both Syrian and Russian forces bombed the area.

The sources made competing claims on the exact target of the raids. While several sources claimed that the attack targeted a camp for displaced people, others reported that it targeted facilities of the combatants. @Shaamnews included pictures reported to be of the incident showing burned cars and a destroyed shop. @Arabi21News quoted activists stating “that the Russian bombing targeted a camp for the displaced”.@Xeber24, however, reported that the target of the incident was the “headquarters of the factions and organizations” of pro-Turkish militants. Idlib Plus reported that the target was several cars on the main road.

According to several sources, more than one raid occurred. @Hassan_Jneed stated that two successive air raids occurred. @mohmad_rasheed stated that the belligerents attacked with “warplanes”. The explosives involved were aerosol bombs according to @MasarPressNet.

According to local activists, as quoted by Smart News, the injured were “taken to a nearby medical point”.

 

 

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Adult male SCD volunteer injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 7
  • (3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–7

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (13) [ collapse]

  • Mousa Taleb, a volunteer with SCD, was reported injured.
  • A destroyed fridge next to an affected building damaged by an alleged Russian airstrike in Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @shaamnews)
  • Rubble and car remains on the M5 in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes in Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @Shaamnews)
    Hadeel Amn who was killed when Israeli missiles destroyed a four story building in Beit Lahia on May 13th 2021. (image via We Are Not Numbers)
  • Cars passing by an affected area of the M5 in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes in Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @Shaamnews)
  • Palm trees burning in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes on the M5 near Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via Syrian Civil Defense)
  • A fire truck extinguishing fire in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes on the M5 near Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019.
  • Syrian Civil Defense volunteers preparing the ambulance interior in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes in Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Syrian Civil Defense volunteers during fire fighter operations in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes in Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Groceries spread on the ground in the aftermath of alleged Russian airstrikes on theM5 near Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @IdlibPlus)
  • Syrian Civil Defense volunteers during a rescue and firefighting operation following an alleged Russian airstrike on the M5 motorway about 5km northeast of Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via Syrian Civil defense)
  • Syrian Civil Defense volunteers recovering a severely burned body following an airstrike on the M5 motorway about 5km northeast of Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @mohmad_rasheed)
  • Syrian Civil Defense volunteers during a rescue and fire fighter operation following an airstrike on the M5 motorway about 5km northeast of Saraqib, Idlib, on November 17th, 2019 (via @hasan_Jneed)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 7
  • (3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–7
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown
  • Belligerents reported killed
    0–7

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4210

Incident date

December 1, 2019

Location

بلدة تل كرسيان, Tal Karseean, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Two civilians were reported killed in an alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime airstrike on Tal Karseean in Idlib, Syria on December 1st 2019 according to local sources.

According to multiple sources including Syrian Network for Human Rights, Ibrahim Mohammad al Hussein and his nephew, Sayyed Hasan al Hussein, were killed in the attack.

Syrianpc reported that the civilians were allegedly killed by vacuum missiles.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Age unknown male nephew of Ibrahim Mohammad al Hussein killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Civil Defense moving casualties from an alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on Tal Karseean in Idlib. (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]