Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS040

Incident date

October 14, 2015

Location

تحتايا, Tahtaya, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.510050, 36.714110 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two non-combatant males were killed in an alleged Russian strike on Tahtaya and were later named by the Violations and Documentation Centre.

Syrian regime aircraft also reportedly bombed the town the day before, killing a woman and her daughter.

However according to Qasioun – which posted a video of the attack – the event was the work of Syrian regime aircraft which used a barrel bomb and exploding gas cylinders.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village Tahtaya (تحتايا‎), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.510050, 36.714110. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has confirmed carrying out airstrikes in Idlib for October 14th-15th 2015: “The Russian aircraft performed 33 combat sorties from Hmeymim airbase engaging 32 ISIS infrastructural facilities in the Idlib, Hama, Damascus, Aleppo and Deir ez-Zor provinces. The flight intensity of the Russian Aerospace Forces has decreased… Near Al-Atarib, Idlib province, Su-25 attack aircraft carried out strike against underground plant manufacturing high-explosive mines. The militants produced the mines in order to plant them at the highways of the region. The detonation of the explosives caused destruction of the target.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS073

Incident date

October 23, 2015

Location

الزربة, Az Zarbah, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.06763, 36.97987 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian named as Hamad Ahmad Al Rajab was reported killed and others injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Zerbeih, in southern rural Aleppo.

However local rebels also said that the town came under attack from “fierce artillery and rocket shelling” by Assad regime ground forces.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hamad Ahmad Al Rajab
Adult male

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • translation: Aleppo. the death of a martyr in a raid by Russian planes - 4 raids on al Zarba and two on Zeitan. (via @moaazalabbas)
  • Translation: Opposition sources: Dead and injured following aerial bombardment of the village of Al Zarba in rural Aleppo. (via Syrianewsco)
  • Breaking #Aleppo one martyr and several injured civilians in bombardment by the Russian warplanes on the town of Zarba in southern rural Aleppo. (via so_ria98)
  • Translation: #Aleppo the martyrdom of Hamad Ahmad Al Rajab following russian plane raids on the town of Al Zarba and the fall of several wounded. (via LccSy)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Al Zarbah (الزربة), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.06763, 36.97987. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

There is no published Russian Defence Ministry record for October 23rd-24th 2015.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS106

Incident date

November 1, 2015

Location

جبالا, Jbala, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.572778, 36.556667 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One child was reported killed and two or more non-combatants injured following an alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrike on Jbala.

While the Syrian Observatory blamed Russia, both the Idlib Media Centre and Al Kul Radio said the attack was the work of the Assad regime.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The video shows the airstrike carried out in Jbala village, dated on Nov 1st, 2015.

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village Jbala (جبالا), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.572778, 36.556667. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.  

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

In its report for military actions on October 31st-November 2nd 2015, the Kremlin made no mention of strikes in Idlib governorate.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Syrian Regime

While the Syrian Observatory blamed Russia, both the Idlib Media Centre and Al Kul Radio said the attack was the work of the Assad regime.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS141

Incident date

November 10, 2015

Location

حي الحلوانية, Tareeq al-Bab (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.207438, 37.1990204 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that one 13-year-old child was killed – and five other non-combatants injured – when Russian warplanes allegedly launched rockets on the Tareeq Al Bab neighbourhood in Aleppo. According to the Network, relief warehouses for the Muslim Youth Commission were destroyed in the raid.

The Aleppo Media Centre reported that “one civilian was killed and others were wounded after an [unspecified] air strike targeted Tareeq al Bab neighbourhood in the city of Aleppo.

The Damascus Centre for Human Rights additionally published another victim name who killed during the same incident.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mohammed Khaled Ibrahim
Child male killed
Tareeq al bab
Age unknown male killed following the alleged Russian air raids killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • the video published by Aleppo News shows the effects of the destruction caused by the bombing of the air traffic to the neighbourhood of the door of the door on 10-11-2015

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Strikes in Aleppo governorate were confirmed by Russia in its published November 9th-11th report: “In the Syrian province Aleppo, local inhabitants actively support the Syrian governmental troops. Thus, Near Tel Mamo, a severe battle took place between the local inhabitants and the militants of the Ahrar ash-Sham grouping. Terrorists suffered significant losses.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS173

Incident date

November 20, 2015

Location

الزباري, Zubari, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.12003, 40.40713 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Violations Documentation Center reported that 25 non-combatants, including 13 women and one child, were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Zubari. Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently also posted a video showing the moment of the attack which it blamed on ‘Russian aviation.’ Also, Free Deir Ezzor Broadcast claimed the attack involved Russian ballistic missiles, which “left more than 40 people dead and injured, all of them civilians, and the destruction of approximately 20 per cent of the townhouses completely and almost completely.”

However, Smart News and the Syrian Network blamed Assad regime aircraft, while local media activist Ahmad al Horani insisted the attack be by French aircraft working with the Coalition.

The Violations Documentation Center has named the 25 fatalities.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (12)

Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed

Family members (3)

Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed

Family members (5)

Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed
Adult male named by VDC killed

The victims were named as:

Adult female named by VDC killed
Age unknown male named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Adult female named by VDC killed
Child male named by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    25
  • (1 child13 women11 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–40
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Deir al-Zubari: The moment Russian air strikes on the village of Mund Zaman (via Ahmed Ramdan)
  • an image of one of the victim (via All 4 Syria)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia reported that “On November 20, the ships of the Caspian flotilla performed launches of 18 cruise missiles against 7 targets in the Raqqah, Idlib and Aleppo provinces. All the aims were hit.” It added that “29 aircraft of long-range and bomber aviation made strikes from the zone of the Caspian Sea,” though gave no details of the areas targeted.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    25
  • (1 child13 women11 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–40
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS206

Incident date

November 28, 2015

Location

الصورة, Sawara, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

33.13, 36.52249 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to six non-combatants including three children were reported killed and many injured in an alleged Russian (or possibly Assad regime) airstrike on Sawara, according to multiple sources.

Shaam News Network reported that five civilians (including three children) died in the attack, and that “a large number” were wounded.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Russian warplanes launched several rockets on residential houses, killing a total of six people: four civilians (including three children) and two armed opposition members. They stated that three houses were completely destroyed.

The Syria Media Organisation posted a video showing a correspondent visiting the site of the alleged raid. He said: “As you can see here are the signs of destruction in the town of Sawara after it was targeted by Russian Sukhoi planes. As you can see this is signs of destruction that happened over the heads of civilians. Look this way brother. Children have been pulled out from under the rubble. It took about an hour and a half to pull them out because the location was targeted by artillery shells. Look brother [speaking to camera man] at the total destruction of the house. Nothing escaped these raids, not children, not trees, nor birds or animals.”

The White Helmets posted a graphic video showing the remains of children being removed from the rubble.

Six victims were later named by the Violations Documentation Center.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (6)

Adult female Named by VDC killed
Child female Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Child male Named by VDC killed
Child female Named by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (3 children3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets lift rubble following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on Sawara, November 28th (via White Helmets)
  • A crater and destruction left by the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime strike on Sawara, November 28th. (via SN4HR)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime aviation which targeted Binch and killed an entire family. (via SMO Syria)
  • The destruction caused by the targeting of civilian homes. (via Ammar Al Zayed)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Graphic footage showing the remains of children and other civilians after targeting of a civilian neighbourhood, 28th November 2015. (viaSCDdaraa)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Hasan Ali Saad al Hareeri, killed by alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raids. (via VDC)
  • The White Helmets rescuing bodies from the rubble. (via, Daraa White Helmets)
  • The White Helmets help to clear up the rubble in the aftermath of the incident. (via, Daraa White Helmets)
  • The White Helmets rescuing bodies from the rubble. (via, Daraa White Helmets)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia made no mention of strikes in Dara’a governorate for the week of November 26th–December 4th 2015.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (3 children3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS239

Incident date

December 7, 2015

Location

المغيرية, Mughayriyah, Latakia, Syria

Geolocation

35.6774723, 36.1815729 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians were reported killed and several others injured, including women and children, when Russian warplanes allegedly “launched scores of strikes on residential areas”, according to the Shaam News Network.

No further details are available at the present time.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village Mughayriyah (المغيرية), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.6774723, 36.1815729. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has published no known record of its strikes in Syria between December 4th-8th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Unknown

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS271

Incident date

December 13, 2015

Location

مسكنة, Maskanah, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.964534, 38.036764 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Al A’maq agency (linked to so-called Islamic State) produced multiple reports on alleged Russian airstrikes which targeted the city of Maskaneh.

They stated that two raids hit a popular market in the city, killing 25 civilians, injuring 33 (including 10 in critical condition) and causing destruction of property.

But the Syrian Network for Human Rights said the Assad regime was responsible for the raids, which also destroyed a number of shops.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Osama Abo Sanad al-Dohaj wife
Adult female Listed by the VDC killed
Osama al-Dhouj
Child male Listed by the VDC killed
Osama Abo Sanad al-Dohaj
Child male Possibly a repeat of the above, Listed by the VDC killed

Family members (2)

Haji Hasan al-Mohammad
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed
Bakour Obaid al-Mohammad
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed

The victims were named as:

Thorya Mosa al-Sayer
Adult female Listed by the VDC killed
Jomea al-Shawakh
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed
Abd al-Kareem Abdo
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed
Mohammad Khairo Alloush
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed
Abd al-Majeed al-Taha
Adult male Listed by the VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    24 – 25
  • (2–3 children2 women6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    30–35
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A video with locals carrying an injured civilian following an airstrike on Maskaneh, Dec 13th. (via, Halab Today)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia is not known to have publicly released any information relating to its airstrikes in Syria between December 9th and December 14th 2015.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    24 – 25
  • (2–3 children2 women6 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    30–35
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]