Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS541

Incident date

February 4, 2016

Location

حي المشهد, Al Mashad (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1834027, 37.1369648 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

As many as eleven civilians including two children and two women were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Mashad in Aleppo, according to local sources.

Shaam News Network reported on “Russian aggression on different areas in Aleppo,” and said that 11 civilians had been killed in the Al Mashad neighbourhood.

It published a graphic video depicting entitled ‘Wailing and misery fill Aleppo. The massacres of the Russian craft on 4/2/2016’ [the logo on video reads ‘Aleppo Media Center’], but did not say which location in Aleppo it referred to.

An initial report by the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the Assad regime, putting the death toll at “at least 4 victims“.

However, a later report by SN4HR said Russian warplanes “shelled the street of Hamza mosque in Al Mashhad neighborhood that is under the control of armed opposition in Aleppo which killed 7 individuals including 2 children and 2 women.” It also posted videos from Aleppo Media Center showing dead bodies and the aftermath of the incident.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights published “pictures of the destruction cause by the raids of Russian warplanes which targeted areas in the neighborhood of al-Shaar and al-MashHad in Aleppo,” adding that there were casualties, but not providing numbers. It was not clear which photos applied to which area.

Al Jisr TV reported that six died in Al Mashad, victims of a Russian “massacre.” The Syrian Press Center reported 11 victims “including women and children” in the Al Mashad and Al Ferdous neighborhoods of Aleppo. Shahba Press counted “at least 20 civilians killed” by Russian warplanes in several neighborhoods of Aleppo, including Al Mashad.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 11
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets search for survivors following alleged Russian raids in Al Mashhad, Feb 4th (via SO4HR)
  • The aftermath of alleged Russian strikes on Al Mashad (via SO4HR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    GRAPHIC AND DISTRESSING: A man cries over the body of a civilian killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al Mashad, Feb 4th.
  • Baladi News Network shows images of the aftermath of the event.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.“ It added: “Two powerful field commanders were liquidated in the Aleppo province.In the suburbs of Kalaz-Tahtani, a large illegal armed group with its commander, “Abu Maher” (“Farid Al-Misri”) was eliminated by an airstrike.The field commander “Abu Anas Al-Sham” from the Jaysh al-Sham terrorist group was liquidated in the territory of the same province.” It also said that “Russian aviation eliminated open ISIS oil storages in the Aleppo province.“

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 11
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS574

Incident date

February 8, 2016

Location

الغارية, Al Gariya, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.6854754, 36.2402058 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One woman and one child were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al Gariya, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

All4Syria and  Shams Houran reported that Russia had used cluster bombs on the town.

A local video also reports that “el Gharbiyah was targeted by Russian warplanes for secind week running with vacuum and cluster bombs.

The two victims were named by the VDC.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Al Gariya, Feb 8th.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.” It added: “Near al-Ghariyah al-Gharbiyah (Daraa province), a Su-34 bomber made a strike on an ISIS strong point. The direct hit of a guided munition caused complete destruction of the terrorists’ fortifications. Objective monitoring data confirmed elimination of 2 pieces of militants’ armored hardware.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS607

Incident date

February 14, 2016

Location

القاطرجي, Al Qaterji, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.20003, 37.1858 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and 10 civilians were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Qaterji, according to local sources.

Shaam News Network reported that “swarms of Russian aircraft” continued to fly over the city of Aleppo and its surrounding countryside. Activists told SNN that Russian warplanes targeted several areas including the Al Qaterji neighborhood, where more than 10 people were killed and many more wounded – some of them still trapped under the rubble.

The White Helmets posted images showing the aftermath of a strike which they said led to the collapse of a five-storey building. They reported it had been carried out by a “warplane” using a vacuum missile, though did not say who the plane belonged to – addingthat a “little girl” had been rescued from under the rubble and that two families were still trapped.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights posted similar images, but like the White Helmets only referred to “warplanes”.

However, according to an initial report by the Syrian Network for Human Rights, the Assad regime carried out the attacks. It put the death toll at five. But in a later report, SN4HR appeared to change position and attribute the incident to Russia: “alleged Russian warplanes shelled a residential building next to the Katerji roundabout  in Aleppo which killed 6 individuals [photo of children’s bodies]  including 4 children and a woman“.

The citizen journalist Bahaa Al-Halabi talked to the rescue team leader, who said that Russian warplanes dropped a vacuum bomb which destroyed a three storey building. He added that some of the people were saved but a family – a mother, father and their four children –  was still under the rubble, and that he hoped they would be rescued while they were still alive.

Syrian Press Center also blamed Russia and out the death toll at ten, with dozens more wounded. It said two residential buildings were destroyed and that within the last few days Russian warplanes had launched hundreds of raids on Aleppo.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 10
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (12) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets attend the scene of a strike in Al Qaterji, Feb 14th (via White Helmets)
  • The White Helmets attend the scene of a strike in Al Qaterji, Feb 14th (via White Helmets)
  • The White Helmets attend the scene of a strike in Al Qaterji, Feb 14th (via White Helmets)
  • Interviews with local civilians in the aftermath of the incidnet. (via, Halabi citizen journalist)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • Civilians rest in the aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • The aftermath of the incident. (via, SOHR)
  • The inside of a damaged civilian home. (via, SOHR)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    To deceased babies following an alleged Russian airstrike. (via, SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 10
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS639

Incident date

February 19, 2016

Location

الحصان, Al Hissan, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.4008045, 40.1184654 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on a bakery in the village of Al Hissan, according to a single source.

Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported: “The young man Bashar Mohammad al Khaled from the village of al Jneina was martyred after Russian planes targeted al Sultan bakery in the village of al Hissan two days ago.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Bashar Mohammad al Khaled
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS671

Incident date

February 25, 2016

Location

حطلة, Hatla Tahtani, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.34169, 40.19897 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source, All4Syria, reported that “:Russian aircraft carried out raids on the village of Hatla Tahtani, killing Zahra al Harbat and her husband Ahmad al Khalif“.

No further details are currently available.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Zahra al Harbat
Adult female husband and wife killed
Ahmad al Khalif
Adult male husband and wife killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS703

Incident date

March 2, 2016

Location

الهلك, Huluk (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.237367, 37.171512 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

The Violations Documentation Center said one 19-year-old male civilian, Safi Mahmoud Trab, was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike In Hulluk, Aleppo.

According to SMP, “activists said that the air force of the Russian occupation launched air strikes on Hulluk neighborhood in Aleppo, in conjunction with clashes between the rebels and ‘democratic Syria’ militia after the recent attempt to advance in the neighborhood under cover of the Russian aerial bombardment.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Safi Mahmoud Trab
Adult male 19 years old killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS735

Incident date

March 17, 2016

Location

محيميدة, Mahimideh, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.44294, 40.08619 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One child, Hozaifa Hasan al Enaizan, from the village of Tabya Shameih was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Mahimideh, Deir ez-Zour, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that he died after the explosion of a cluster bomb left from a previous Russian bombing.

Four other sources also named the child and blamed Russia for his death.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hozaifa Hasan al Enaizan
Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS767

Incident date

April 26, 2016

Location

حي طريق الباب, Tareeq al-Bab (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.207438, 37.1990204 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that warplanes targeted al Shi’ar and Tareeq al-Bab, Aleppo, killing up three civilians and wounding several, inlcluding children. Among others, the Syrian News Network (SNN) reported that “three others were killed in the neighborhoods of al Shi’ar and Tareeq al bab”

It was however contested who carried out the strikes. The SNN pointed to Russia but later reported that the warplanes belonged to both the Assad regime and Russia, the Twitter account Samirmaleh pointed to the Assad regime, while several sources did not identify the responsible.

The VDC named one civilian victim as Hasan al Amouri, a Aleppo City Council worker, but did not specify who the culprit was.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The beginning of the video reportedly shows the aftermath of the bombings in Al-Sha’ar (via M.H.N.N)
  • Video showing the White Helmet's rescuing civilians out of the rubble following the airstrikes (via White Helmets)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]