Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS390

Incident date

January 13, 2016

Location

دير سنبل, Deir Sunbul, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.4981504, 36.4479589 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four civilians including a father and his two sons were killed in an airstrike on Deir Sunbul, in what the VDC said was a Russian action.

According to Syria News, “a source said it was the first time that Russian planes targeted the village, which led to a state of fear and terror among the civilian population, prompting most to leave their homes and take refuge in shelters in the ground, as he put it.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Adult male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A new bulletin reporting on the airstrike which targeted Dier Sunbul. (via, Al Jisir TV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not publicly reported any strikes between 11-15 January.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (2 children2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS422

Incident date

January 20, 2016

Location

الحسينية, Hussainiya, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.35905, 40.15113 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between four and seven civilians including one to two children were killed and dozens more injured in alleged Russian strikes on the village of Hussainiya, according to multiple sources.

Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that four non-combatants died when Russian aviation struck the village with cluster bombs. They said that the warplanes targeted “the house of Talal Al Ghazim and the surroundings area killing the daughter of Talal as well as Ahmad and Ayham Al Shaher and his daughter and there are more than ten seriously wounded.

Activist told the Shaam News Network that “Russian aviation targeted dozens of villages surrounding the city of Deir al-Zour in response to the advance of IS in the area of Brigade 137 and the military airport front.

They said that the targeting of Talal Al Ghazim’s home resulted in the death of five people, including two children and the injury of ten others, “with wounds ranging from average to critical.

The White Helmets said that seven died when “warplanes” targeted the village, but they did not say who the planes belonged to.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the number killed by suspected Russian warplanes in Deir Ezzor Rose to 13, of which four (two of them children) died in the bombing of Hussainiya.

SMO reported that activist had informed them that Russia had carried out seven strikes with “cluster missiles” on the village, leading to five deaths with dozens more wounded, including women and children.

ANA Press also mentioned Russian strikes on the location, while LCCSY documented four deaths from the same family: “Ahamd al-Shaher, little girl Alma al-Shaher, and Ayham al-Shaher” as the result of an alleged Russian raid.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Child female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 7
  • (1–2 children3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • 'The child Alma Ayham Al Shaher and her father who were killed by the treacherous Russian planes.' (via Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently)
  • Ayham Dahham al-Shaher, killed by alleged Russian raids on 20th January 2016. (via, DC)
  • Alma Ayham al-Shaher, killed by alleged Russian raids on 20th January 2016. (via, DC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its report for military actions on January 20 2016, the Kremlin reports carrying out strikes in Deir ez-Zor governorate: “In the course of the last day, aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 16 combat sorties engaging 57 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 7
  • (1–2 children3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS456

Incident date

January 24, 2016

Location

سلقين, Salqeen, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.13951, 36.45413 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between five and 20 civilians died and 10 to 20 were injured – many critically –  in strikes by Ballistic missiles, according to local sources – though reports are conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

The Syrian Committee for Human Rights reported that 10 people died and 20 more were wounded in a strike by ballistic missiles “believed to have been launched from Russian warships in the Mediterranean“.

A video published by Qasioun depicted casualties being treated following an alleged Russian raid.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, 16 people died (“11 fighters from Jabhat Al-Nusra (al-Qaeda in Levant) and Islamic factions”), three civilian males and two civilian women, when a suspected ballistic missile landed in the area of a former police station “which is now taken by Jabhat Al-Nusra (al-Qaeda in Levant) as a ‘court’ in the city of Salqin at the northwestern countryside of Idlib”. The report added that the missile targeted the area after a meeting in the “court” for reconciliation between al-Nusra Front and the Islamic movement of Ahrar al-Sham. They did not say who fired the weapons, but added that the incident was accompanied by warplanes flying overhead.

Alaan TV said that the “Judges Road” area was targeted on Sunday evening by “long-range shelling with rockets loaded with cluster bombs, resulting in 10 deaths.

A nurse working in the hospital in Salheen gave the following testimony to Alaan: “We received a large number of people who were injured – more than 20, including women and children. Some were transferred to other medical points close. There was an urgent need for blood donors as some cases suffered severe bleeding.

The activist Ahmed Istanbuli indicated that the regime was responsible: “observatories in the town of Saraqeb reported that the source was near the Aazan mountain in the countryside of Aleppo, and the weapons were fired from  regime positions in there. A missile loaded with cluster bombs exploded while another failed to explode after falling in the Sgayn”.

However, the report went on to say that others who heard the sounds of the rockets identified them as Russian and said that they had been fired by warships on the Syrian coast.

The Syrian Press Centre also that this was an attack by the regime, which led to 20 civilians dead and wounded. They named victims including one other unidentified female.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed
Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Mohamed Amiri
Age unknown male named by the Syrian Press Centre killed
Yasser Hamadoun Boubaki
Age unknown named by the Syrian Press Centre killed
Dania Marmour
Age unknown named by the Syrian Press Centre killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • (2 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Mohammad Hadi Omieri, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on 24th January 2016. (via, VDC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Salah Saeed Naffakh, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on 24th January 2016. (via, VDC)
  • Inside a medical facility in the aftermath of the raid. (via, Syrian Press Centre)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured man following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Syrian Press Centre)
  • Inside a medical facility in the aftermath of the raid. (via, Syrian Press Centre)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    An injured man receives medical treatment following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, Qaision Agency)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • (2 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS488

Incident date

January 28, 2016

Location

الباب, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631

Airwars assessment

Several civilians were killed as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Bab and the surrounding area. The Syrian Network put the death toll at six – five children and a woman. Zaiton reported a much higher figure: “Local sources confirmed that 14 martyrs fell during the Russian raids with the wounding of at least 19 others. The raids focused in the streets of Zamzam and the Corniche within the city.”

The Network said that “In the eastern countryside Russian aircraft launched raids on neighborhoods of al Bab city which led to the fall of 15 dead and dozens wounded,” adding that warplanes directly targeted civilians.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 14
  • (5 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    19–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 1st February 2016, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last week, the Russian aircraft in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 468 combat sorties engaging 1354 terrorists’ infrastructural facilities in the Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Homs, Damascus, Raqqah, Daraa and Deir ez-Zor provinces. Among them – 24 ones were carried out by Tu-22M3 long-range bombers from the Russian territory…Near Jeb Ghabishah (Aleppo province), a Su-24M bomber destroyed ammunition and POL storages of the ISIS terrorists.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 14
  • (5 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    19–50
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS523

Incident date

February 2, 2016

Location

تمورة, Tamoura, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.26389, 36.88847 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian was killed and five others injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Tamoura, according to Shaam News.

SNN reported that Russian warplanes targeted “Hayyan, Ratyan, Bayanoun, Tamoura and Maarastah Khan with 150 raids focused mostly on civilian homes causing the martyrdom of one civilian and injuring more than five others in Tamoura.

The Violations Documentation Center initially listed Mustafa Eleiwi as a victim of Russian shelling, but the entry for him was later removed. The Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies did list Eleiwi as killed by “indiscriminate shelling” by Russian planes. The website All4Syria also reported the death of Eleiwi, aged 35, and the injuries of “several other civilians” as a result of Russian airstrikes.

The Baladi Media Network reported “Martyrs and wounded” in both Tamoura and Hayyan as a result of shelling from Russian warplanes.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mustafa Eleiwi
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 1st – February 3rd.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS557

Incident date

February 7, 2016

Location

تادف, Tadif, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.34857, 37.531501 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two adult male civilians were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Tadeef, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

These victims were also named by Halab News and the Syrian Human Rights Committee.

Shahba Press also said two non-combatants died in a Russian raid.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.” It added: “Two powerful field commanders were liquidated in the Aleppo province.In the suburbs of Kalaz-Tahtani, a large illegal armed group with its commander, “Abu Maher” (“Farid Al-Misri”) was eliminated by an airstrike.The field commander “Abu Anas Al-Sham” from the Jaysh al-Sham terrorist group was liquidated in the territory of the same province.” It also said that “Russian aviation eliminated open ISIS oil storages in the Aleppo province.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS589

Incident date

February 9, 2016

Location

تلمنس, Talmanas, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.63726, 36.73746 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Six civilians including two children and three women died in airstrikes on Talmanas, according to local sources – though they are conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime, and there is also some confusion on the date of the incident.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that 17 civilians died as a result of “raids by warplanes believed to be Russian on Talmanas, al-Ftirah and Aafes“. It put the death toll in Talmanas at six, including one child and three women.

Three victims of a Russian strike were named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies.

Three further victims (from an alleged Russian strike) were named by Syrian Press Center.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights regime shelling killed at least three civilians – though they gave the date for this as a day earlier, February 9th, meaning that this could be a separate incident.

Al Souria also blamed the regime.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Safa Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Iman Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Maryam Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Mustafa Nidal Al Shawirdi
Child male displaced from the city of Mork in Hama, named by Syrian Press Center killed
Abdalkarim Nidal Al Shawirdi
Age unknown male displaced from the city of Mork in Hama, named by Syrian Press Center killed
Malak Kafi el Awad
Age unknown male from Talmanas, named by Syrian Press Center killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia makes no public mention of having carried out strikes in Idlib for the period of February 10th – February 15th and published the following in response to civilian casualty allegations in the governorate during these dates:

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS622

Incident date

February 15, 2016

Location

الشدادي, Al Shadadi, Hassakah, Syria

Geolocation

36.056135, 40.72859 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Reported airstrikes by the Coalition or possibly Russia on al Shadadi between midnight and dawn struck a bakery in the city killing at least 15 civilians, according to multiple reports.

Shaam News and the Syrian Network said the civilians died in a Coalition strike as they queued to buy bread at an auto bakery, although other sources said those killed were bakery staff. Al A’maq Media (close to Daesh) initially blamed the attack on Russia but later noted: “Correction: a Source to al A’maq: the raids that destroyed the bakery of Shadadi killing 15 of its staff was carried out by international coalition planes, not Russian planes.” The VDC attributed the attack to Russia.

In a lengthy report [in Arabic] on the attack, the Damascus Center later cited eyewitness Nabila um Khaled:We were standing in front of the oven waiting to get the bread, everyone present was a civilian. The day before we didn’t leave the house for fear of bombing from the air… We looked to the sky and saw three or more planes flying in the air, their color almost cyan [light blue]. After less than a minute we started to tell each other that we had to leave the place and run away, because the aircraft were flying at low altitudes. But we did not have time to move. After less than a minute, as I said what we saw was a rocket hit the oven building where people were lined up. Those at the front of the line are the victims who died in the massacre. My sister and I were standing at the back, I was hit by shrapnel, and my sister was left in a serious condition, though she is now improving.”

The Coaliton later appeared to confirm it had carried out strikes in the vicinity, saying it had destroyed ‘an ISIL building’ near Al Hassakah. Heavy airstrikes had been recorded in the town in preceding days, given an imminent ground assault to recapture Al Shadadi from Daesh. In contrast, Russia did not publicly report carrying out airstrikes in Al Hassakah governorate.

Ten adult civilian male dead were later named.

The Daily Beast later reported that “U.S. Central Command, which leads the U.S. military in the Middle East, is investigating the latest allegations of civilian deaths to determine if they are credible and conduct a proper military investigation, Lt. Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr., commander, U.S. Air Forces Central Command, told Pentagon reporters during a briefing Thursday….Brown said he could not say whether the coalition was conducting strikes at the same time residents were alleged to have come under attack, but he noted that coalition forces “have been striking that area for the past several days.”’

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Adult male Named by VDC killed
Taha Ajaj
Age unknown male killed
Louai Jazzar
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    15 – 28
  • (4 children1 woman8–10 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, US-led Coalition

Sources (29) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Taha Ajaj and Louai Jazzar, killed in an alleged Russian and Coalition strike. (via Hassakah Youth Movement)
  • Supposed picture of Kahtan Al A’lawi Al Sleiman, killed in an alleged Russian and Coalition strike. (via, Hasakhn News)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Supposed picture of Ala’a Hussein Al Dakheel, killed in an alleged Russian and Coalition strike. (via, Hasakhn News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its report for February 10th – February 16th, Russia made no public mention of airstrikes in Al Hasskah.

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    15 – 28
  • (4 children1 woman8–10 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    15–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, US-led Coalition

Sources (29) [ collapse]