Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS615

Incident date

February 15, 2016

Location

أعزاز‎, A`zaz, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.586273, 37.04739 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between nine and 14 civilians including two children and one women were killed and 30 others injured in airstrikes on a children’s and women’s hospital in Azaz, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

Activists told Shaam News Network that “the Russian air force targeted the city of Izaz today with more than 13 air raids, which were followed by a direct targeting of field hospitals with ballistic missiles launched by Russian warships in the Mediterranean carrying cluster bombs“. They put the death toll at more than 10 non-combatants with 30 wounded, some in critical condition.

The Health Directorate in Idlib province issued a statement regarding the Russian raids that targeted field hospitals on February 15th in rural Idlib and Aleppo, which was published by SNN. This said that a “ballistic missile was launched from the Russian warships in the Mediterranean, hit  the city of Izaz in the countryside of Aleppo, at precisely a quarter past eight targeting the Obstetrics and Women’s Hospital and leaving a large and injuries among the civilian and devastation led to the destruction of the hospital completely and leaving it out of service. Ten people were killed including three children and a pregnant woman and more than thirty others were injured.

A video posted by SNN, entitled “The day of the destruction of hospitals: 5 main medical centres are out of service as a result of the planes and missiles of the Russian enemy“, showed the moments bombs were dropped before cutting to footage of destruction of buildings. The video is not specific only to this incident.

Reuters reported that “Fourteen people were killed in the town of Azaz near the Turkish border when missiles slammed into a school sheltering families fleeing the offensive and a children’s hospital, two residents and a medic said.” However it did not say who was responsible for the incident.

Images showing “destruction caused by the missile and air strikes on places in the vicinity of a hospital in Azaz city north of Aleppo province” were published by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which also did not say who carried out the attacks.

But according to an initial report by the Syrian Network for Human Rights, the regime fired surface to surface missiles on the gynecological and children’s hospital, damaging two ambulances. A second SN4HR report, which again blamed “regime shelling“, said that at least five died including two children and a woman.

However, in a third report, SN4HR appeared to change their position and attribute the incident to Russia: “On 15 Feb 2016 alleged Russian warplanes launched a long range missile on a .trucks gathering in Azzaz city in northern Aleppo suburbs which killed 6 individuals including a child and a woman“.

According to the Violations Documentation Center, 8 civilians were killed in regime shelling.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Child male Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult female Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed
Adult male Listed by VDC killed
18 years old male Listed by VDC, from Raqqa, unclear where in Aleppo he was killed killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 14
  • (2 children1 woman7 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Images of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike. (via, SOHR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.” They published the following is response to civilian casualty allegations in Azaz:

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 14
  • (2 children1 woman7 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    30
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS647

Incident date

February 20, 2016

Location

Korin, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.8642, 36.5683 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One male civilian died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Korin, according to the Violations Documentation Centre.

The victim was also named by other sources – who blamed Russia as well.

However, according to JisrTV, five civilians died in Russian raids in the city of Idlib – though this may be a separate incident.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male Listed by VDC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 6
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A news bulletin documenting the alleged raid. (via JisirTV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 6
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS679

Incident date

February 26, 2016

Location

حرستا, Harasta, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.55869, 36.36515 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One child was reported killed in Harasta, according to local sources. Most reports blamed regime shelling: however one source said that he was killed in a Russian airstrike.

Syria2011 reported that “Abdur-Rahim Al-Telli was killed due to mortar shelling in Harasta in Tishreen Street.“ The victim was also named by Syrian Human Rights Committee. Qasioun tweeted that regime forces destroyed a residential building. Smart also reported “regime artillery shelling.”

According to Damascus Centre for Human Rights Studies however, Abdur-Rahim was killed in a Russian strike.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child named by Syria2011 killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS711

Incident date

March 6, 2016

Location

شنهصة, Shahnasa village, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2850364, 37.7657612 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to four civilians died in an alleged Russian strike on the village of Shahnasa, according to local sources.

HNN named Karim Hussein al-Abdullah as a victim and said three more unidentified people were killed in a Russian strike. DCHRS also named Karim Hussein al-Abdullah and added that three unidentified victims died. It too blamed Russia.

While most sources said Russia was responsible others didn’t identify the culprit, referring only to “warplanes“.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Karim Hussein al-Abdullah
Adult male Named by VDC as killed in an alleged Russian strike, though it didn’t specify where in Aleppo they died. This victim is also named by HNN as killed in Bza'a village on March 6th killed killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS743

Incident date

March 26, 2016

Location

تدمر, Palmyra, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.5655244, 38.2873535 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One unidentified civilian male was killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Palmyra, according to the Violations Documentation Center.

Activists told Shaam News Network that Russian warplanes targeted a bus carrying passengers from Damascus to Deir ez-Zor “near the third stop near Palmyra, which led to the death of one civilian and several wounded.” Syriapost1 and 00zabadani also reported a Russian strike on a bus.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS775

Incident date

April 28, 2016

Location

حي السكري, Sukkari (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.17594, 37.14111 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In a summary of Russian raids carried out on April 28th, LCCSY  said six civilians had died in two strikes on Sukkari. But the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the regime, putting the death toll at three. Al-Buraq Media institution also blamed the regime, and said 6 had died in Al-Sukkari.

Shaam News Network referred to both regime and Russian planes carrying out strikes in Aleppo in recent days, and did not specify which of these was responsible. They said that six died in Sukkari. However, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the regime was responsible for all incidents in Aleppo over the previous seven days.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS808

Incident date

May 27, 2016

Location

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.255362, 37.087714 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Seven civilians including three children died in airstrikes on Kafr Hamra according to local sources –  though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the regime.

According to Syrian Newsdesk more than fifteen Russian and regime warplane raids in the Kafr Hamra area resulted in the death of a family of four (the Al Ash family), including a pregnant woman and her foetus and a 7-year-old child. According to the newsdesk, the raids wounded five others, and “some of them are in a critical condition.” The Syrian Network for Human Rights, also blaming Russia, equally put the death toll at four.

The White Helmets didn’t identify the warplanes responsible but said that one woman died and seven other people were wounded, included children, after five strikes in the morning.

Tweets and other social media posts suggested the death toll was even higher.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Mohammed Al Ash
male killed
Wife of Khadija Al Hussein
Adult female killed
unborn child, Khadija Al Hussein, of 9 months
killed
Son of Hamza Mohammed Al Ash
4 years years old killed

The victims were named as:

Ali Mohammed Harfoush
16 years old killed
Tasnim Shar’rak Al Zeit
Child

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • One of the victims of alleged Russian / regime shelling: 7-year-old child Tasnim Shar’rak Al Zeit (via SN4HR)
  • Footage showing the aftermath of an airstrike on on Kafr Hamra, May 27th.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS841

Incident date

June 3, 2016

Location

حي ‏المرجة‬, Marjah (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1855676, 37.1802235 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four or five civilians died in an air or artillery on Marja, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether Russia was responsible or the Syrian regime.

The Shaam News Network, reported on alleged Russian raids with warplanes and helicopters across Aleppo and its surrounding countryside. It said that this coincided with “violent artillery shelling“, killing four civilians in the Marja neighbourhood.

According to Orient news, “Russian warplanes launched raids on Shikh Khudur, Ameriya, Hulluk, Salheen, Al-Marjeh and Masaken Hanano killing 22 civilians and injuring dozens more.”

However, Baladi reported the four died when regime helicopters dropped a barrel bomb.

Zaman also blamed explosive barrels from helicopters, but didn’t identify who dropped them. It put the death toll at five with others injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between June 1st – 31st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 5
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]