Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS590

Incident date

February 10, 2016

Location

الصالحين, el Salheen, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1807701, 37.167263 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to a single source, the Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies, three civilians died in an alleged Russian airstrike on the Salheen neighborhood of Aleppo. The victims were named by the Center.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hussein Khalid Al A’araj
Age unknown male Named by Damascus Center for H killed
Abdullah Mohammed Khair Merhi
Age unknown male Named by Damascus Center for H killed
Ibrahim Mohammed Kanjo
Age unknown male Named by Damascus Center for H killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (0–3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 4th – February 11th, Russia reported: “In the course of the last week, February 4-11, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 510 combat sorties engaging 1,888 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hasakah and Raqqah.” It added: “Two powerful field commanders were liquidated in the Aleppo province.In the suburbs of Kalaz-Tahtani, a large illegal armed group with its commander, “Abu Maher” (“Farid Al-Misri”) was eliminated by an airstrike.The field commander “Abu Anas Al-Sham” from the Jaysh al-Sham terrorist group was liquidated in the territory of the same province.” It also said that “Russian aviation eliminated open ISIS oil storages in the Aleppo province.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (0–3 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS623

Incident date

February 16, 2016

Location

جاسم, Jassem, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.991344, 36.060136 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Three civilians (one man and his two children) died in an airstrike on Jassem, according to local sources – though reports are conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

Shaam News Network reported three deaths – “a father and his two children” – and blamed Russia. It also said one person was injured: “the sister of the PM in Assad’s government Wael Al Halki was injured. She lives in the town of Jaseem.”

Al Jazeera also said that Russia was responsible – though some other sources didn’t say who carried out the raids.

Syrianpc News – which blamed Russia – named the three victims.

The VDC also named these victims but said they died in regime shelling. Some sources claim the victims were from Ankhel, Dara’a, while others claimed they were from Jassem, Dara’a.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Faisal Abdulmajid Al-Rahil
Adult male Listed by Syrianpc, father killed
Abdulmajid Faisal Al-Rahil
3 years old male Listed by Syrianpc, son killed
Abdulmalek Faisal Al-Rahil
4 years old male Listed by Syrianpc, son killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Abdul Majeed, age 24, killed alongside his two sons in a strike on Jassem, Feb 16th (via Etihad Ahrar Syria)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Picture of the father and his sons allegedly killed in the strike. (via Etihad Ahrar, deleted from Facebook)
  • The exact moments the alleged Russian raid hit. (via, Quasion)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

From February 10th – February 16th, Russia reported: “On February 10-16, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 444 combat sorties engaging 1593 terrorists’ objects in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor, Daraa, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Aleppo.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS655

Incident date

February 22, 2016

Location

ابطع, Ibta', Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.7899783, 36.152792 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One adult female was killed in an airstrike on Ibta’, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the regime.

The VDC named the victim and said she died “in a Jordanian hospital due to her wounds sustained by the regime air forces’ shelling” – though the source does not say which day she died on. LCCSY, Muslim Forum and Syria2011 also named the victim but said she died in a Russian strike.

Other sources including Syria 2011 and Syraifree 339 listed the victim but did not identify who was responsible for the raid in which she was killed.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS687

Incident date

February 26, 2016

Location

معارة الأرتيق, Maarat Artik, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2478829, 37.0547175 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and five civilians including two children died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Maarat Artik, according to local sources.

Multiple reports blamed Russia: Akhbar Alaan put the death toll at three including one child with four more civilians injured. AMC said that as many as five non-combatants perished. According to Syrian Press Centre, “Russian warplanes launched several air raids since Friday morning in the town of Maarath Alortiq in the countryside north of Aleppo which led to the death of one person and the injury of others, some in critical condition.”.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male from Maarat Artik killed
Child male from Maarat Artik killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The alleged Russian warplane in the skies moments before it dropped raids on Maarat Al Arteek. (via, Step News)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria from February 17th – February 29th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 5
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS719

Incident date

March 10, 2016

Location

تدمر, Palmyra, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.5655244, 38.2873535 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One woman and her child died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Palmyra, according to multiple sources.

Shaam News Network reported that a girl was killed and several others injured in dozens of alleged Russian airstrikes on Palmyra. It published a video showing bombing on neighbourhoods – though it is not clear whether this is the incident in question, as there were many reported raids on this day. The Network added: “The city has been under sustained artillery and missile attacks and  heavy air raids, which has led the activists to label the city as a ‘disaster’ zone.”

According to Syria Free, a mother and her daughter were killed and several more civilians wounded. Halab Today reported the death of “a civilian and a child” in a Russian strike.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (24) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Footage of the alleged Russian raids on Palmyra's neighbourhoods, March 10th - it's not clear that this image pertains to this incident as there were many raids that day (via Syrian News Network)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has published no known record of strikes in Syria for March 1st to March 30th.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (24) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS751 CS201

Incident date

April 10, 2016

Location

الرقة‎, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.9505639, 39.0094148 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least five and as many as 20 civilians were reported killed and 53 injured after heavy alleged Coalition, Russian and/or Syrian regime night time strikes on Raqqa. Most sources allege that these were Coalition and regime raids – with the Coalition responsible for those after midnight and the regime for early morning strikes.

Coalition aircraft were reportedly flying in the vicinity immediately prior to the first attack, which happened just before midnight. One of those targeted was Fawaz al-Hassan, alias Abu Ali al Sahri, a Shariah judge in the city who had terrorised the civilian population.

However, one source, the Syrian Network for Human Rights, reported that Russia was to blame. The initial SN4HR report said: “On 10 April 2016, alleged Russian warplanes shelled missiles at Al Thaqana in Al Raqqa city under the control of ISIL which killed 5 individuals from one family including 1 female child and a woman.” SN4HR subsequently reported that “alleged Russian warplanes” fired missiles which targeted the National Hospital in the Al Thakana neighborhood in the center of the city, killing three civilians, including two women, one of whom was a nurse. They added that the northern part of the building was destroyed and the hospital out of service.

However Raqqa is being Slaughtered attributed the attacks to both Coalition and Assad regime aircraft:

Coalition planes targeted the city around 04:40am and regime planes targeted the city around 08:30am and between them the raids targeted the following areas:

1-municipal stadium

2-the teachers’ residential building near the pool

3-the commerical shops near the youth club

4-the obstertrics hospital

5-the women’s art school

6- two raids targeted al Nai’m the first on the roundabout and the second the MTN building

7-a building opposite the chamber of commerce

8-the new Party building near the national hospital

9-Al Ri’aya building

10- a building near al Fatat [the girl] school.

11-a building near the modern medicine hospital [which contains a generator and the raid led to the fuel burning]

It is noteworthy that water and electricity to the city have been cut off, and the city is empty of people as a result of fear of warplanes.”

Shaam News also reported that “Coalition aircraft launched about 19 raids and Assad’s planes about eight.”

The IS agency Al Amaq also blamed the Coalition.

In the first of their March 2020 civilian casualty reports, the US-led Coalition assessed reports that they were responsible for civilian harm in this strike as “non-credible”, stating that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area at that time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Hajj Wahab al Khalif
Adult male killed
Ahmad al Khalif
Adult male Son of Hajj Wahhab al-Khalif killed

Family members (3)

The wife of Ahmad Khalif
Adult female killed
The daughter of Ahmad Khalif
Child female killed
The son of Ahmad Khalif
Child male killed

Family members (2)

Amin Al Zo’bi, known as Abu Tat’t
Adult male Teacher from Homs killed
Hanan Agha Al Antabli
Adult female Wife of Amin al Zo'bi killed

The victims were named as:

Mahmoud Ibrahim al Khazim
Adult male killed
Batool Al Aloush
Adult female Nurse killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • (1–3 children1–4 women3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    53
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (24) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of the contested airstrikes on Thaqana, Raqqa, April 10th (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes in Thaqana, Raqqa (Via RBSS facebook page)
  • Victim of the contested airstrikes in Thaqana, Raqqa, Haj Wahab Al Khalif (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Victim of the contested airstrikes in Thaqana, Raqqa, Ahmad al Khalif, son of Hajj Wahib al-Khalif (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Victim of the contested airstrikes in Thaqana, Ragga, Mahmoud Ibrahim al Khazim (via RBSS Facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the raids in Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the raids in Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Airstrikes targeting Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the raids in Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the strikes targeting Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of a child killed following the air raids in Thaqana, Raqqa (via RBSS facebook page)
  • Image of the immediate aftermaths after airstrikes targeted al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Image of the immediate aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
  • Immediate aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Raqqa (via RBSS)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SEV008784
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Mar 25, 2020
  • April 10, 2016, in Raqqah, Syria, via Airwars report. After a review of all available records it was assessed that no Coalition actions were conducted in the geographical area that corresponds to the report of civilian casualties. 2944/CS201 37SEV008784

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

Coalition position:

For April 8th-9th: “Near Ar Raqqah, two strikes engaged two ISIS tactical units, and destroyed a fighting position and tactical vehicle.”

For April 9th-10th: the Coalition did not report any strikes near Raqqa. It noted that “Near Tabqah, 14 strikes engaged an ISIS tactical unit; destroyed five vehicles, two fighting positions, and a VBIED; and suppressed an ISIS tactical unit.”

For April 10th-11th: “Near Ar Raqqah, three strikes engaged an ISIS tactical unit.”

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 20
  • (1–3 children1–4 women3 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    53
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime

Sources (25) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS784

Incident date

April 29, 2016

Location

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.2179122, 37.1892357 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported about continued airstrikes in al-Sakhour, Aleppo, that killed up to five civilians, including one child and wounded up to four. Sources were constesting regarding the cultprit, pointing to both the Assad regime and Russia.

Shaam News Network, reported “For the eighth day in a row Assad’s and Russian aircraft continue to pour their lava on residential neighborhoods in the city of Aleppo, causing dozens of massacres“. Its initial report said one civilian died, later revising the death toll to five.

Abarah Press said “two people were killed and several wounded by aerial bombardment by three rockets on Al-sakhur neighborhood east of the city.” And Qasioun news reported that Syrian and Russian warplanes had targeted the “Al-Mash’had, Alsakhur neighborhoods, and Kallaseh, Al-Sukari, Bustan Al-Qaser, Alqaterji, and Marjeh”, which left many casualties and led to the destruction of property.

There was some confusion over who was responsible for the raids. In a later report, Qasioun news blamed only Russia, saying that the “Russian warplanes bombardment circle was expanded to affect neighbourhoods (Al-Mash’had, Alsakhur, and Kallaseh) in the city of Aleppo, causing significant destruction of civilian property, without news of casualties.”

In a tweet, Damascus Coordinate named one of the killed civilians as Abdul-Kader Mohammed Al-Masri (13 years), saying that the child “was killed and four were injured in an air raid on Al-Sakhur.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

13 years old male
Name unknown
Age unknown

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Aftermath of the airstrikes targeting al-Sakhour, Aleppo (via Mahmoodtaha22 tweet)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Kremlin has issued no public accounts of airstrikes in Syria from April 1st – 30th.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 5
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS816

Incident date

May 29, 2016

Location

‏الكبر‬, Al Kiber, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.7713322, 39.7891866 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A civilian male named as Sahir Attallah al Ayyad died from injuries sustained in a reported Russian airstrike on al Kiber “two months earlier.”

No additional details are presently known, including the precise date of death.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Sahir Attallah al Ayyad
Adult male

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Onlookers to the destruction caused by air raids that have been reported by numerous sources to have been carried out by Russia. (via Syrian newsdesk)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]