Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS2992

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

سقبا, Saqba, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.519286, 36.382427 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and four civilians, including one child and one woman, were killed and at least one child was wounded following alleged Assad or Russian-waged aerial shelling of Saqba, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, local media reported.

According to local reports, the incident in Saqba was one out of many that day in eastern Ghouta. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), this was the “most bloody day in Syria in the latest few weeks” referring to the bombardments of eastern Ghouta.

While HalabTodayTV reported two fatalities, other sources reported three and four. For example, the Syrian Press Center reported that four civilians were killed by one airstrike. SOHR also reported four victims, including one woman. Additionally, SOHR reported that “areas” of Sabqa was subject to aerial shelling, indicating more than one strike.

The only victim identified by name was the three-months-old child Ibrahim, the son of a White Helmet volunteer, Saaed, as depicted below, reported by Hadi Abdullah.

While no sources reported the number of wounded, the incident inflicted great damage on residential houses, and according to videos and photos, several civilians, including at least one child, were left under the rubble.

All sources besides Masrawy News reported about aerial shelling. However, because Masrawy News reported about both aerial shelling and missile attacks in eastern towns Ghouta on February 6th, it is possible that ground-launched weaponry also caused civilian harm.

Finally, it remains unclear who is to blame. While most sources, including SOHR and the Syrian Network for Human Rights, identified the Syrian regime as responsible, Damascus Media Center pointed to Russia.

Meanwhile, LCCSY pointed to both “Russian and Assad raids”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

3 months years old male killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • A White Helmet member carrying the body of his dead child, Ibrahim, who was killed by the contested airstrikes in Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via Hadi Abdullah)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civil Defence trying to rescue children from under the rubble following the contested airstrikes in Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via Abu Alhuda Homsi)
  • The immediate, chaotic aftermath of the contested airstrikes in Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via Mohammed ALdaher)
  • The moment the contested airstrikes hit Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via Damascus Media Center)
  • The moment the contested airstrikes hit Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via Damascus Media Center)
  • Child stuck in the rubble of his home following the contested airstrikes hit Saqba, Damascus on February 6th, 2018 (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2985

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

دوما, Douma , Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In this incident, described by many sources as a “massacre”, up to 31 civilians, including up to eight children and 11 women, were killed and “dozens” wounded, as Russian and/or Assad warplanes struck the town of Douma, eastern Ghouta, Damascus.

According to local reports, the incident in Douma was one out of many that day in eastern Ghouta. In fact, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) called strikes in eastern Ghouta on February 6th “the largest Syrian massacre in 53 days.”

In Douma, the lowest reported death toll was seven while the Syrian Network for Human Righth (SN4HR) reported as many as 31 fatalities, including four children and 11 women. SOHR said that eight children were among the fatalities.

In the immediate aftermath of the strikes, Ammar Alhassan noted that “a whole family is still under the ruins of Douma”.

DMC identified the name of one male victim who was killed along with his wife. However, it should be noted that DMC, reporting on February 6th, said that the couple was killed by strikes in Douma “yesterday.”

It should be noted that while most sources only mentioned airstrikes, Mohammed Wahd, Smart News Agency and SN4HR also reported about artillery shelling. For example, SN4HR reported about both “warplanes and artillery, missiles and shells.”

Finally, it remains unclear who is to blame. Most of the sources who identified a culprit pointed to the Syrian regime. Among these were Daily Sabah News, SN4HR and Smart News Agency.

However, LCCSY pointed, as the only one, to both “Russian and Assad raids”.

The remaining sources did not apportion blame.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Age unknown male killed
Age unknown female killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 31
  • (4–8 children1–11 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • The contested strikes left large parts of Douma, Damascus, completely destroyed with many civilians buried under the rubble on February 6th, 2018 (via Bilal Abu Salah)
  • Civil Defence members arriving to the scene following the contested strikes in Douma, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Diaa DOuman)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Civil Defence members arriving to the scene following the contested strikes in Douma, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Syria Civil Defense)
  • Aftermath of the contested strikes in Douma, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Smart News Agency)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 31
  • (4–8 children1–11 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2981

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

الغدفة, Ghadafa, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.6742, 36.79058 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A volunteer of the Syrian Civil Defense was killed as he was on duty in Ghadafa, Idlib, local media and family members reported.

The victim, Ahmed Ali Al-Mustafa, and his Civil Defense team were reportedly inspecting a bombing site when the strike took place.

The victim’s brother wrote on his Twitter account, Apdlrahmah, about the death of his brother and how  “he and a group of his comrades were subjected to a double raid by fighter jets as they inspected the bombing site in the village of Al-Ghadfa where the group was directly targeted.”

Syrian Network for Human Rights (SN4HR) mentioned in its reporting that he was from Hama.

Only SN4HR identified a culprit and pointed to Russia. The remaining reports merely referred to “warplanes” and “fighter jets”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Volunteer in the Syrian Civil Defense, Ahmed Ali Al-Mustafa, was reportedly killed by unidentified airstrikes in Ghadafa, Idlib on February 6, 2018 (via Syria Civil Defense)
  • Volunteer in the Syrian Civil Defense, Ahmed Ali Al-Mustafa, was reportedly killed by unidentified airstrikes in Ghadafa, Idlib on February 6, 2018 (via Apdlrahmah)

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.


Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2980

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

ترملا , Tarmala, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.5250124, 36.4741687 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least two and as many as four civilians were killed, including one child, while several others were left wounded as alleged Russain warplanes struck the al Shamali neighbourhood in Tarmala village, Idlib, local media reported.

Up to four civilians were killed in this incident, where all sources unanimously attributed blame to Russia.

While Syrian Network for Human Rights (SN4HR) said that two civilians were killed, one child and one adult man, both identified by name, Edlib Media Center said that the strike had killed as many as four civilians.

LCCSY described the incident as a “massacre” and added that besides from the killed, several were left wounded under the rubble.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male media activist, from Tarmalla village killed
Child male killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The media activist, Fuad Mohammad al Hussein, was killed by the alleged Russian strikes in Tarmala, Idlib, February 6th, 2018 (via SN4HR)
  • The child Kamal Mohammad al Turk was killed by the alleged Russian strikes in Tarmala, Idlib, February 6th, 2018 (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 4
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2986

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

كفر باتنة, Kafr Batna, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.514529, 36.374577 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between four and seven civilians, including one child and one woman, were killed and up to 80 more civilians were wounded as Russian and/or Assad warplanes struck the town of Kafr Batna, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, local media reported.

According to local reports, the incident in Kafr Batna was one of many lethal aerial incidents on that day in eastern Ghouta and was by many described as a massacre.

DMC News said that the strikes hit a popular market in the town and other sources mentioned that the strikes hit residential areas.

The death toll spanned from four to seven, the highest reported, among others, by the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SN4HR) who reported that one child was among the fatalities.

Al-Araby, who reported five fatalities said that one woman and one child were among the victims.

Some sources reported “a number of wounded” while Smart News Agency reported as many as 80, reportedly including women and children.

The incident reportedly included both airstrikes as well as ground-launched artillery. As the field activist, Omar al-Khatib, told al-Araby that the massacre carried out by the Syrian military aircraft by firing rockets.

Finally, it remains unclear who is to blame. Most of the sources who identified a culprit pointed to the Syrian regime. Among these are SN4HR, al-Araby and Smart News Agency.

However, LCCSY pointed, as the only one, to both “Russian and Assad raids”.

The remaining sources did not apportion blame.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 7
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–80
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Locals attending a prayer for a victim of the contested strikes in eastern Ghouta on February 6th, 2018. It is unclear whether if he was killed from the strikes in Kafr Batna as reported by this source, as DMC Press published a similar photo in relation to the strikes in Jabar, also on February 6th (via Smart News Agency)
  • Locals attending a prayer for a victim of the contested strikes in eastern Ghouta on February 6th, 2018. It is unclear whether if he was killed from the strikes in Kafr Batna as reported by this source, as DMC Press published the same photo in relation to the strikes in Jabar, also on February 6th (via Smart News Agency)
  • Footage from the immediate aftermath of the contested aerial shelling in Kafr Batna, Damascus, where locals are rescuing trapped civilians from under the rubble, February 6th, 2018 (via GMC)
  • Wounded civilian receiving treatment following the contested aerial shelling in Kafr Batna, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Step News Agency)
  • Smoke rising from the town of Kafr Batna, Damascus, after being subject to aerial shelling on February 6th, 2018 (via DMC Press)
  • Smoke rising from the town of Kafr Batna, Damascus, after being subject to aerial shelling on February 6th, 2018 (via DMC Press)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 7
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–80
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2982

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

آفس, Afis, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.904707, 36.800796 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to local sources, a child was killed in Afis, Idlib, as alleged Russain warplanes struck the town.

Step News Agency reported that “the Russian military launched successive raids” mentioning several locations, including Afis, and that it caused the death of one child.

Unlike other sources, Step News Agency, wrote on February 6th that the strike took place “last night”. Therefore, the strike most likely took place at some point between February 5th and 6th.

All sources pointed to Russia as responsible.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2993

Incident date

February 6, 2018

Location

حرستا, Harasta, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.55869, 36.36515 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian, allegedly a child, was killed by an Assad or Russian waged assault in the town of Harasta, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, local media reported.

According to local reports, the incident in Harasta was one out of many that day in eastern Ghouta. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), this was the “most bloody day in Syria in the latest few weeks” referring to the bombardments of eastern Ghouta.

Multiple sources mentioned that one civilian was killed, who, according to SOHR, was a child.

The Damascus Media Center published images of how smoke from the airstrikes rose from, what they reported, were residential buildings.

While most sources reported about aerial shelling, Masrawy News reported that in addition to the airstrikes, 15 surface-to-surface missiles had also been launched in several towns, including Harasta.

Almost all sources, including Masrawy News and SOHR, attributed blame to the Syrian regime. However, Russian culpability cannot be excluded as LCCSY pointed to both “Russian and Assad raids”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Smoke rising from Harasta following the contested airstrikes in Harasta, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Damascus Media Center)
  • Smoke rising from Harasta following the contested airstrikes in Harasta, Damascus, February 6th, 2018 (via Damascus Media Center)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2981

Incident date

February 5, 2018

Location

سراقب, Saraqeb, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.859101, 36.797731 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In this single source event, Edlib Media Center reported: “a civilian is wounded as a result of the targeting of the Russian occupation aircraft in residential neighbourhoods in the city of Saraqeb in eastern Idlib.”

Currently, there are no further details availble.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]