Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

CS1486 RS2445

Incident date

September 14, 2017

Location

البصيرة, Al Basira, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.15618, 40.42716 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian died in an airstrike on al Basira, according to local media – though sources were conflicted as to whether the Coalition, Russia or the regime were to blame. Reports said that the strikes hit to post office building.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Moen_dndil attributed the event to the Coalition. However, Micro Syria blamed Russia, reporting that “A child was also killed in an air strike on the town of Khasham and another civilian in an air strike on the town of al-Basira in the eastern suburb of Deir al-Zour. Activists accused Russian aircraft of carrying out the raids.” The Euphrates Post also pointed towards Russia.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights and Qasioun, the regime was to blame.

Some other sources didn’t identify the warplanes responsible.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Awwad Hasan al Saroot
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (32) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of airstrikes on l-Basira, Sept 14th 2017. (via Ahmed Ramadan)
  • wad Hassan Al-Sarout from the town of Al-Shuhail, killed in a strike on Al-Basira, Sept 14th (via Euphrates Post)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention that the airstrike targeted the Ka’a al-Attal/Koo Attal area (outskirts) and the Al Barid (post office building) in the village of Busayrah (البصیرة). The coordinates for this village are: 35.15618, 40.42716. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify these locations further

CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Non credible / Unsubstantiated
    Insufficient information to assess that, more likely than not, a Coalition strike resulted in civilian casualties.
  • Reason for non-credible assessment
    No Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    None
  • Civilian injuries conceded
    None
  • Stated location
    near al Basira, Deir Ez Zor, Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    100 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SFU299912
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Jun 28, 2018
  • After a review of available information it was assessed that no Coalition strikes were conducted in the geographical area that correspond to the report of civilian casualties.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

For September 13th-14th, the Coalition reported: “Near Dayr Az Zawr, nine strikes engaged four ISIS tactical units and destroyed two tactical vehicles, an ISIS fuel station and a fighting position.”

For September 14th - 15th, the Coalition reported: "Near Dayr Az Zawr, two strikes engaged two ISIS tactical units and destroyed two vehicles". It later reported, "On Sept. 14, near Dayr Az Zawr, Syria six strikes destroyed an ISIS UAS, a fighting position, an ISIS supply route and suppressed three fighting positions"

UK Military
  • English
    /
    Original

‘Friday 15 September – a Reaper supported coalition airstrikes near Dayr az Zawr, and delivered two attacks itself against extremists in the open, whilst Typhoons destroyed a Daesh-held building… On Friday 15 September, a Reaper was again very active north-east of Dayr az Zawr; it provided support to coalition airstrikes which destroyed three Daesh-held buildings, then conducted two attacks on its own account with Hellfire missiles against terrorists moving through the area. Nearby, a Typhoon flight bombed a further Daesh-held building.’

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (32) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1102

Incident date

August 5, 2016

Location

سراقب, Saraqib, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.862773, 36.806852 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One male civilian died and six others were wounded in multiple strikes on Saraqeb, according to local media – though it was unclear whether Russia or the Assad regime were responsible for the attacks.

According to Syria News Desk, “Russian aviation targeted Saraqeb and its outskirts with 28 raids, killing one civilian and wounding six others”.

Other sources including Alsouria News reported the use of cluster bombs.

The Smart News Agency and Alsouria were among other sources blaming Russia. However, LCCSY pointed towards both Russia and the regime, while @ALAMAWI and a number of other sources attributed the event to the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Saraqeb, August 5th I(via Al Souria)
  • Ihab Amara, killed in an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, VDC)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention strikes on the city of Saraqib (سراقب), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.862773, 36.806852. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 1st – 10th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4047

Incident date

August 18, 2019

Location

حاس, Hass, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

One child was reported killed in airstrikes on Hass, Idlib, on August 18th.

Syrian Network for Human Rights stated that “the child Adib Mustafa Qal’a Ji was killed as warplanes we believe were Russian fired missiles on Hass village in the southern suburbs of Idlib governorate, on August 18th.”

Halab Today also reported that “a child was killed and several civilians were injured in a Russian airstrike on Hass town, in the southern countryside of Idlib.”

A video posted by @salqin shows the child’s body being removed from the rubble and rushed to help and images posted by @ZaitunAgency and other sources show the physical destruction to buildings from the airstrikes.

All sources attributed the attack to Russian forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • Image Caption: "The child Adib Mustafa Qal’a Ji was killed as fixed- wing warplanes we believe were Russian fired missiles on Hass village in the southern suburbs of Idlib governorate, on August 18th." (via Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Russian warplanes target the town of Hass in the southern countryside of Idlib" (via Macro Media Center)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Russian warplanes target the town of Hass in the southern countryside of Idlib" (via Macro Media Center)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Russian warplanes target the town of Hass in the southern countryside of Idlib" (via Macro Media Center)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Russian warplanes target the town of Hass in the southern countryside of Idlib" (via Macro Media Center)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Russian warplanes target the town of Hass in the southern countryside of Idlib" (via Macro Media Center)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4083

Incident date

August 27, 2019

Location

تل منس , Tal Mans, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian died and others injured in an alleged Russian or regime airstrike on TalMans, according to local media.

Step reported: “Russian warplanes and helicopters targeted all the towns of the southern and south eastern Idlib countryside with barrels, killing…one civilian in Tal Mnes”.

Justice Organisation blamed the regime for the death of Abdul Ilah Al-Taban. The victim was named as an Imam. @abuhuzaifa_  noted that he was “a man of good morals and loved by the people of his village and was one of the first rebels against the Assad regime”.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported further details on the victim: “Sheikh Abdul Elah Mustafa al Thu’ban has a bachelor’s degree in Sharia, and was a teacher of Islamic education in Talmennes High School for boys in Talmennes town”.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (16) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of a strike on Tal Mnes, Aug 27th (via EMC)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Tal Mnes, Aug 27th (via EMC)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Tal Mnes, Aug 27th (via EMC)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Tal Mnes, Aug 27th (via EMC)
  • The aftermath of a strike on Tal Mnes, Aug 27th (via EMC)
  • More scenes following the strike on Tal Mnes on Aug 27th.
  • Caption translation: A raid by the warplanes su22 full-load 4 missiles on the town of Talmens in the southern countryside of Idlib.
  • An alleged Russian raid on Talmans in Idlib on August 27th, 2019. (via @anasanas84).
  • Caption translation: Abd al-Ilah al-Taaban was killed after the Russian warplanes bombed the town of Talmens in the southeastern countryside of Idlib The actor of the Russian war aviation.
  • Caption translation: The martyrdom of the Sheikh, the son of the revolution: Abdel-Elah Al-Taaban was killed after the town of Talmans was targeted with barrels , and many were wounded God bless the sheikh was one of the preachers on the fronts The Free Scholars Association, Idlib Scholars Association.
  • Caption translation: Telmens a little while ago, by Russian warplanes.
  • Alleged Russian airstrikes on Talmans in Idlib on August 27th, 2019. (via @syria7ra).
  • Caption translation: "Sukhoi-22" unloads its vacuum missiles at once on Talmans.
  • Alleged Russian raids on Talmans (via @QasiounAr).
  • Caption: Warplanes bombard the town of Talmanes in the eastern countryside of Idlib, with several air strikes.
  • Caption: This afternoon, the town of Telmans was subjected to a number of raids, which resulted in massive destruction of homes It is not yet known how many martyrs and wounded.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (23) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1666

Incident date

November 23, 2016

Location

مساكن هنانو, Masaken Hanano, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.228558, 37.2000933 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that airstrikes struck the city of Masaken Hanano, Aleppo, and led to the death of two civilians and several injured. The strikes were reportedly  part of a widespread shelling of Aleppo.

According to Sky News, “intensive raids targeted the neighbourhoods of the Masaken Hanano, Salah al-Din and Al Jazmati and Al Mashhad. A still large number of dead and wounded are under the rubble, and the Civil Defense teams could not lift them until the moment.”

Sources were contested as to whether the strikes were carried out by Russia or the Syrian regime. LCCSY and @Shahba_press attributed the strikes to Russia, while 24 News and Smart News blamed the Syrian regime. Al-Modon blamed both.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1576

Incident date

November 14, 2016

Location

دوما , Douma, Eastern Ghouta, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to LCCSY, “Russian warplanes launched two airstrikes with thermobaric missiles on residential neighborhoods in #Douma where a martyr and several wounded were reported.”

However, Syria News Desk pointed to the Assad regime, reporting: “a young man was killed and others injured, at dawn today [Nov 14th], in Douma city which is under the control of the opposition, in the Damascus countryside north-east, as a result of regime air strikes at night”.

The incident occured during the night.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones”.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1823

Incident date

January 11, 2017

Location

مسكنة, Maskanah, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

35.963172, 38.035655 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A young man was killed when alleged Russian shelling struck “militants” in a sugar factory and a farm in Maskanah, Aleppo, local media reported. All sources blamed Russian warplanes for the raids. There were no reports of wounded civilians. 

According to @fathi_1999, three raids struck the town.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ala Hussein al-Atrash
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between January 1st – 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1895

Incident date

February 15–16, 2017

Location

صيدا , Saida, Daraa, Syria

Geolocation

32.6290749, 36.2233829 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One named child died and dozens more civilians were wounded in alleged Russia or Assad regime airstrike on Saida, according to sources on the ground.

Omar Balkhi5  reported that a hospital in the town had been put out of service and that “dozens” of civilians had been wounded in a Russian strike.

According to Aljazeera, “a girl was killed and others were injured in Russian raids on the town of Saida in rural Daraa in southern Syria.” Aljazeera’s correspondent went on to add that “six field hospitals had stopped working because of the Russian raids heavily on the province of Daraa.”

However, Radio Alkul reported that the regime was responsible. According to “media activist Ahmed Al-Masalmeh  than 10 Syrian air strikes targeted the town of Naima in addition to three explosive barrels hitting the town of Saida, which resulted in a large number of wounded – with a number of people trapped under the rubble”.

Sky News also pointed towards the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child killed
Name unknown
Age unknown

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (12) [ collapse]