Russian Military in Syria

Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

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Incident Code

R4416

Incident date

November 23, 2021

Location

قرية جوزف, Josef Village, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.718706, 36.477021 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian was injured in alleged Russian or regime shelling on Josef village on November 23, 2021.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, a civilian was seriously injured and a house was damaged in an attack on Josef village. An Al-Jisr reporter stated that the civilian was seriously injured.

Syrian Civil Defense also identified one civilian as being injured, adding that the volunteers took the injured person to a hospital for treatment and put out a small fire that was caused by the shelling.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the strikes, with @IdlibPlus and Syrian Civil Defense attributing the “laser-guided artillery shells” to both the regime and Russian forces while Alaraby and Nedaa Post blamed only the regime.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • A civilian was injured and a house was damaged in strikes on Josef village on November 23, 2021. (Image posted by Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • A civilian was injured and a house was damaged in strikes on Josef village on November 23, 2021. (Image posted by Idlib Plus)
  • White Helmet volunteers rescue an injured volunteer after shelling on Josef village on November 23, 2021. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Shelling on Josef village on November 23, 2021. (Image posted by @fattumabdulfat1)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the village of Josef (قرية جوزف), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.718706, 36.477021. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4449

Incident date

July 8, 2022

Location

بليون, Balion, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian, a young man, was injured in alleged Russian or regime artillery shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022.

According to @SyriaCivilDefe, a young man was wounded in artillery shelling of the village of Balion by the regime and Russian forces. Civil Defense volunteers took the injured man to the nearest medical point. A @jisrtv correspondent reported that the person was “slightly injured” in the shelling.

Various other local sources including @TvIdlib also identified one civilian as being wounded in the attack. Al Araby reported that the shelling hit civilian homes in the town of Balion.

The majority of sources attributed the shelling to regime forces or both the regime and Russian forces. A tweet from @lyalraq13900368 specified that the regime forces stationed at surrounding checkpoints were responsible for the shelling.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • A young man injured by alleged Russian and regime shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Civil Defense volunteers search the site of alleged Russian and regime shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Damage caused by alleged Russian and regime shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Damage caused by alleged Russian and regime shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Smoke caused by alleged Russian and regime shelling of the village of Balion on July 8, 2022. (Image posted by @jisrtv)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4481

Incident date

October 28, 2022

Location

دارة عزة, Darat Izza, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Four civilians, three from the same family, were injured by a a double tap shelling carried out by the Syrian regime and/or Russian forces against the city of Darat Izza on October 28, 2022.

According to the @SyriaCivilDefe, four civilians, three of them from the same family, were wounded when two cars were hit by guided missiles launched by Syrian regime and Russian forces near the eastern entrance to the city of Darat Izza.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that Syrian regime forces initially fired an anti-tank thermal missile, immediately followed by an artillery attack using multiple shells, which hit civilian vehicles in the area and wounded four civilians, in addition to heavily damaging cars. The incident occurred in the al-Ashrafiya area in eastern Darat Ezza city.

The majority of sources reported that both the Syrian regime and Russian forces were responsible for the shelling, while @anasanas84 attributed the incident to only the Syrian regime. Daret Izza media center and other local sources identified thermal missiles as being used in the attack, while @abo_aljod84 and others mentioned guided missiles.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Civil Defense volunteers assist a civilian injured by alleged Russian and regime strikes near Darat Izza on October 28, 2022. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The first moments of our teams’ response to a double attack with guided missiles by the regime forces and Russia, today, Friday, October 28, targeting two cars at the eastern entrance to the city of Darat Izza, west of #Aleppo, wounding 4 civilians.
  • Damage caused by alleged Russian and regime strikes near Darat Izza on October 28, 2022. (Image posted by Syrian Network for Human Rights)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    4 civilians were injured when their car was targeted by Assad militia with a guided missile on the eastern outskirts of the city of Darat Izza, west of Aleppo
  • Damage caused by alleged Russian and regime strikes near Darat Izza on October 28, 2022. (Image posted by @anasanas84)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4514

Incident date

May 24, 2023

Location

between the towns of Kansafra and Al-Fatira, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

A young man was reportedly injured by shrapnel from machine guns attributed to both Russian forces and the Syrian regime on May 24th 2023. The incident occured on agricultural land between the town of Kansafra and Al-Fatirah, in the southern countryside of Idlib.

Reports from the Syrian Civil Defence, Halab Today TV and Twitter user @Almohrar1 said that the man was injured by shrapnel from machine guns whilst grazing sheep. He was treated with first aid by the Syrian Civil Defence and taken to hospital.

The Syrian Civil Defence attributed the machine gun fire to both Russian forces and the Syrian regime. Halab Today TV and Twitter user @Almohrar1 blamed the Syrian regime for the gun fire.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Small arms and light weapons
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A young man injured by alleged Syrian regime and/or Russian machine gun fire on May 24, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Ground operation
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Small arms and light weapons
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4546

Incident date

August 26, 2023

Location

جسر الشغور, Jisr al-Shughur, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

On the morning of August 26th, artillery shells allegedly fired by the regime forces and Russia hit the city of Jisr al-Shughur, west of Idlib, injuring at least one civilian and causing material damage to residential neighborhoods and the Abdul Rahman Al-Nasser School. The bombardment also fell in the vicinity of the Rabaa Al-Adawiya School and a mosque under construction, without any damage reported.

The Syrian Civil Defense confirmed the civilian casualty, stating that the city “was subjected to aerial bombardment previously, shortly before children started arriving to it to participate in a summer club that is being held in it.” The Syrian Network for Human Rights corroborated this information, additionally noting that the “area is under the control of armed opposition factions and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham.” A tweet from @alladyanyaslam2 stated a civilian was “slightly injured”, while @sawarqi47568 mentioned civilian casualties, without specifying a number.

Multiple sources on twitter and local media attributed the strikes to the regime forces and Russia, although it is unclear which of the belligerents was responsible.

The incident occured in the morning.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Religious Institution, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense via Twitter)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense via Twitter)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense via Twitter)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • The mean regime's hatred of civilians in Jisr al-Shughour
  • The regime forces shelled the city of Jisr al-Shughour with artillery
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by @alladyanyaslam2)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by @alladyanyaslam2)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by @alladyanyaslam2)
  • Damage caused by shelling of Jisr al-Shughur on August 26, 2023. (Image posted by @alladyanyaslam2)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Religious Institution, School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4586

Incident date

October 6, 2023

Location

أريحا, city of Ariha, south of Idlib, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

On the evening of Friday, October 6th, 2023, residential neighborhoods of the city of Ariha located south of Idlib, Syria, were subject to an artillery bombardment with contested responsibility— reportedly perpetrated by the Syrian regime forces and/or the Russian military— that injured two civilian men, one of whom later died of his wounds.

One of civilians, Ismail Saleh Qaddad, reportedly suffered a fatal serious head injury. The other individual, Ahmed Mustafa Baroudi, sustained a foot injury. The Syrian Civil Defense reported the casualties both as civilians. Journalist Ahmed Bakour shared images of the severely injured Ismail with blood covering his eyes being treated by doctors and of Ahmed where his leg injury can be seen.

Tariq Jama wrote a Facebook tribute to Ismail Qaddad who died of his injuries on October 7th, 2023, mentioning that “He moved to the mercy of God Almighty” and sharing an image of the middle-aged bearded man in a kufiya.

The Syrian Civil Defense, also known as the White Helmets, was involved in rescue operations, including the evacuation of a civilian who was injured and stranded on the roof of a residential building. According to the SCD, the intense and continuous bombing in the Idlib countryside has significantly heightened fear among residents, leading to such dangerous situations.

While the strike was attributed to the Syrian regime forces by most sources, some tweets attributed it to Russian military.

The incident occured in the evening.

The victims were named as:

Ismail Qaddad اسماعيل قداد
Adult male killed
Ahmed Mustafa Baroudi أحمد مصطفى بارودي
Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: @SyriaCivilDefe

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Journalist Ahmed Bakour Home

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Source: Journalist Ahmed Bakour Home
  • Source: Tariq Jama

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4428

Incident date

December 22, 2021

Location

كنصفرة, Kansafra, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.658233, 36.484942 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A child was killed and his father was injured when bomb remnants exploded in Kansafra on December 22, 2021.

According to the Syrian Civil Defense, a young man was killed and his father was wounded when remnants of a cluster bomb exploded in Kansafra. The bomb was only identified as belonging to both the regime and Russian forces. @Almohrar1 also reported that a father was injured and that his son, a child, was killed.

A tweet from @nahermedia also identified two victims but reported that a man was killed and his son was injured.

Kansafra Media Center provided the name of the victim killed in the explosion: Ahmed Jamal Kassoub.

While Radio Al Kul referred to Ahmed’s father as “slightly” injured, Baladi News reported that he was seriously injured and transported to the medical center near their town.

Radio al-Kul’s correspondent in Idlib said that the shell was next to the family’s house and exploded when the father and son tried to dismantle and remove it. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights added that the father and son intended to sell the unexploded ordnance.

@Almohrar1 attributed the exploded remnants to Russia while @WM_FREESYR blamed the regime. @MAZEN_ALMAWAS referred to the bomb as being an “unexploded rocket-propelled grenade”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Ahmed Jamal Kassoub احمد جمال قصوب
Age unknown male killed
Father of Ahmed Jamal Kassoub
Adult male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Civil Defense forces responded when remnants of a cluster bomb exploded in Kansafra on December 22, 2021. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Very graphic image of Ahmed Jamal Kassoub, killed when bomb remnants exploded in Kansafra on December 22, 2021. (Image posted by Hamed)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Kansafra (كنصفرة), for which the generic coordinates are: 35.658233, 36.484942. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Planted explosives and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4460

Incident date

August 16, 2022

Location

معارة النعسان, Maarat Al-Nasan, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

The town Maarat al Naasan was attacked by cluster bombs allegedly as a result of Syrian and Russian regime forces after midnight on August 16th 2022.  Local sources also blamed Iranian-backed militas. While no civilian deaths are reported, a seven year old boy got lightly injured on his arm by a life bullet, while he was playing in front of his house.

Local sources report that a family survived the attack on the town Maarat al Naasan when 32 explosive bullets were fired through Syrian and Iranian militias while the family was sleeping. They added that the regime forces targeted primarily civilian homes, their land and their livestock when they attacked the town from the eastern side.

One local newspaper reports that the towns al Barah, Ruwaiha, Horsh Msaibin, Horsh Bsanqoul, Maklabis, al Baytroun, and Maarat al Naasan were exposed to the attack, yet the news agency did not share information about civilian casualties.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)
  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)
  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)
  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)
  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)
  • The Syrian Civil Defense reported that one child was injured after a Russian or Syrian regime attack in Maarat al-Naasan on August 16th 2022 (Image via SCD / Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]