Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS4022

Incident date

August 14, 2019

Location

بسقيا قرب معرة حرمة, Bsqia near Ma’ret Harma, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

In the first of two consecutive airstrikes near Ma’ret Harma, Idlib, two medical workers for Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) were reported killed on August 14th.

SMAS USA reported “a SAMS-supported ambulance center in Ma’aret Hurmeh in southern Idlib province was targeted by six airstrikes, resulting in the death of two employees: Mohamad Hussni Mishnen, 29, a paramedic, and Fadi Alomar, 34, an ambulance driver. The facility  and the ambulance were completely destroyed.”

Macro Media Center reported that “a driver and paramedic from SAMS medical system were killed after a double Russian airstrike on Maaret Harma town south of Idlib.”

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights stated that “a driver in the ambulance team and a male nurse were killed, after being targeted by the Russian warplanes that targeted the area between Maarrat Hurmah and Sheikh Mustafa south of Idlib.”

@SyrianCoalition tweeted that “Mohammad Mishnen, 29, a paramedic doctor, and Fadi, 34, the driver of an ambulance in the SAMS ambulance system in Hama countryside, was killed by a direct airstrike from #Russian occupation yesterday morning.”

While sources predominantly named Russia as the belligerent responsible for the attack, a number of sources named both the Syrian regime and Russian forces in reports of the incident.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

34 years old male Medical Worker for SAMS killed
29 years old male Medical Worker for SAMS killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption: "The nurse Mohammad Husni Mishnen and the ambulance driver Fadi al Omar were killed as fixed- wing warplanes we believe were Russian fired missiles on an emergency point of Hama Ambulatory system- supported by Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)- in Bsiqa village in the northwest of Ma’aret Harma village in the southern suburbs of Idlib governorate, on August 14th" (via Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Fadi Al-Omar, a driver with SAMS, was killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on Bsqia near Ma’ret Harma on August 14th, 2019. (via Mohammed Al Fateh).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1621

Incident date

November 18, 2016

Location

بلدة حيان, Hayyan town, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.32417, 37.05886 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to two civilians were killed in an airstrike on Hayyan Town, Aleppo – though it is unclear whether the Assad regime or Russia were responsible, with conflicting reports.

Civil Defense Personnel named one of the civilians who was killed as Fuad Mohammed Hayek.

Some sources, such as Emaratalyoum News reported that it was Assad’s regime who were responsible for the raids in Hayyan:

Dozens of civilians were killed and dozens of civilians were injured by the Syrian regime’s helicopters throwing dozens of explosive barrels at the besieged neighbourhoods of Aleppo…The fighters also used cluster bombs in other neighbourhoods in the northern suburbs of the city, targeting the cities of Hreitan, Oujan and Hayyan town with rockets.”

Step News Agency, who placed the death toll at one civilian death, attributed responsibility for the event to Russia, stating: “One person killed and a number of others injured following Russian raids on Hayyan in the northern countryside. A land to land missile also fell on the town.”

HNN listed two civilians having died during the raid on Hayyan.

There was no further information as to how many were wounded in the attack.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    One civilian, Fuad Mohammed Hayek, who died in an airstrike on Hayyan. 18th November 2016. (Via: Civil Defense Personnel in Hayan).
  • The burial of Fuad Mohammed Hayek, who died in an airstrike on Hayyan on 18th November 2016. (Via: Civil Defense Personnel in Hayan).
  • The aftermath of shelling on the town of Hayyan, 18th November 2016. (Via: Civil Defense personnel in Hayan).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between November 1st – 30th 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones”.

Additionally, Russia reported that its air forces have carried out strikes in Aleppo during November and December 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2319

Incident date

July 4, 2017

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One woman and a child were killed and up to five were left wounded, local media reported, in alleged Russian or Assad-waged airstrikes in Douma, Damascus.

Without identifying a culprit, Enab Baladi reported that four air raids had struck residential areas in Douma, leading to the death one one adult woman and one male child, both identified by name.

Smart News Agency cited the Civil Defense who said that “a child and a woman were killed and other wounded, following raids targeting the city”, adding that activists said that the warplanes were likely to belong to the Syrian regime.

Like the Civil Defence, several sources attributed blame to the Syrian regime. However,  once source, @ahmadalgotany, pointed to Russia as the culprit and the Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that the warplanes belonged to the “Syrian-Russian alliance”. 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed
Child male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Images from Douma on July 4th, 2017, during and after the city was hit by airstrikes, carried out by either Russia or the Syrian regime (via @ahmadalgotany)
  • Footage from the immediate aftermath of the contested airstrikes in Douma on July 4th, 2017 (via @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Aftermath of the contested airstrikes in Douma on July 4th, 2017(via @SyrianCoalition)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The child Mohammed Delwan was reportedly killed by the contested airstrikes in Douma on July 4th, 2017 (via SCDrifdimashq)
  • Footage from the immediate, chaotic aftermath of the contested airstrikes in Douma on July 4th, 2017 (via Syrian Civil Defense Center)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between June 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2405

Incident date

August 22, 2017

Location

ابو الفشافيش, Abo Al-Fashafeesh, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

35.152222, 37.578056 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians were killed and several wounded as alleged Russian warplanes carried out airstrikes in the village of Abu al-Fashafish, Hama, local media reported.

Baladi News reported “two civilians were killed and others wounded when a Russian air strike hit eastern Hama countryside on Thursday morning [Aug 24th].”

Baladi News’ correspondent added that the warplanes targeted a car in the village of Abu al-Fashavish.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between August 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2687

Incident date

November 6, 2017

Location

ابو الظهور, Abu Alduhur, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.738034, 37.047858 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A family of three were buried by rubble resulting in the death of both mother and father, when an airstrike hit their home in Abu Alduhur, according to local media. Sources all attributed blame to Russian warplanes.

As many as five civilians were reportedly injured, according to @SyriaCivilDefe.

As many as eight raids struck civilian housing, public property and a warehouse. According to sources, the Syrian Civil Defence base was also hit. Four houses were destroyed.

The bombardement was continuous meaning the victims were rescued many days later, reported Khaled Al Khalaf.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Khalif Mohammed Al Saleh
62 years old male killed
Dahiya al Hamdo
45 years old female killed
Daughter
Child female injured

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (8) [ collapse]

  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)
  • Victims are pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of airstrikes on Abu Alduhur, 6th November 2017. (via Hassan Abou Ali)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3516

Incident date

July 8, 2019

Location

قرب حي طريق السد, Tareeq Al Sad, Dara'a , Syria

Geolocation

32.61119, 36.115947 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One or two civilians were reportedly killed in the plains surrounding Dara’a Al Balad when the region was hit by seven strikes, allegedly launched from Russian warplanes, on July 8th, 2018, according to local sources. Two others were injured.

Shaam News Agency wrote that “in violation of the cease-fire agreement, a Russian warplane launched seven airstrikes on the plains and farms surrounding Dara’a Al Balad, killing two people and wounding a number of people.”

Smart News Agency reported that “a civilian was killed early Sunday in the plains surrounding the dam road in the city of Dara’a, as the region was hit by seven raids by aircraft likely to be Russian, which also wounded another civilian and his wife.”

Shafea Abazid wrote on Facebook that Muwaffaq Nayef Ali Abazid was killed in the airstrikes.

According to Shaam News, “Russia and the Assad regime have not implemented any of the stipulations agreed upon in Bosra Al Sham. They have not withdrawn from any area in the eastern suburb of Daraa. The Russian and Syrian aerial bombardments have continued and have not stopped yet.”

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2898

Incident date

January 15, 2018

Location

جوباس, Jubas, south of Saraqeb, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.836974, 36.760506 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One to two civilians were killed – one was named – and as many as eight others were wounded in alleged Russian airstrikes on Jubas, according to local media. All sources reported that Russia was to blame except one source which attributed blame to the Syrian regime.

The strikes, which reportedly occurred in the night, consisted of five raids, according to local media.

Wounded civilians were trapped under the rubble, and members of the Civil Defence helped to dig out casualties. Six of the wounded civilians were reported by local media to be children.

Victims were taken to medical points in the nearby vicinity.

The incident occured during the night.

The victims were named as:

Qutaiba Ahmad Satouf
Adult male killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    8
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Wounded civilian children in the aftermath of airstrikes on Jubass, 15th Jan 2018. (via @ibrahemaleosef)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    8
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS302

Incident date

December 22, 2015

Location

إدلب, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.93062, 36.63393 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians are listed as killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Idlib on December 22nd, according to the Violations Documentation Center. However both victims are also listed as having died in a strike on Idlib on December 20th. There are no additional reports of airstrikes on Idlib for December 22nd.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

For December 18th-23rd, Russia reported that “In the course of five days, on December 18-23, aircraft of the Aerospace Forces in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 302 combat sorties engaging 1093 objects in the Aleppo, Idlib, Latakia, Homs and Deir ez-Zor provinces.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • (2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Discounted
    Those killed were combatants, or other parties most likely responsible.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]