Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

CS759 RS2209

Incident date

April 30, 2017

Location

عويجل, Oweijal, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.179537, 36.952987 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between 13 and 16 civilians died and four were injured in an “unexplained” explosion in the village of Oweijal, local media said – though it was unclear whether the Coalition, the Syrian regime or Russia were to blame. Most sources blamed the Syrian regime for the strikes.

An unspecific numbers of civilians were wounded, however it was reported that the number of civilians were likely to rise due to the types of injuries.

According to the Smart News Agency, “the head of the Civil Defence in the western Aleppo countryside, Mohamed Halaq, said that the blast caused the collapse of a three-storey building on Sunday evening, killing 16 civilians, including nine children and four women, in addition to wounding for more, who rushed to a nearby field hospital.

“Halaq pointed out that they could not determine the cause of the explosion, but that it was likely the result of an international coalition raid or a missile explosion from a previous bombardment of the village.”

However, a subsequent report by Smart pointed towards the Assad regime and Russia, saying that “the Civil Defence thinks the explosion could have resulted from the remnants of previous raids by the regime and Russia.”

Radio Allkul blamed a regime surface to surface missile citing Abu al-Leith, the director of the local Civil Defence. Shaam News Network and Baladi also attributed the event to the regime.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights added that “information about the reasons of the explosion was conflicted as to whether it was caused by the explosion of an ammunition dump, or by shelling by regime forces using what was believed to be a ground-to-ground missile.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    13 – 16
  • (4–9 children4–5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The body of a victim is pulled from the rubble in the aftermath of an airstrike on Oweijel, 30th April 2017. (via Syrian Civil Defense)
  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Oweijel, 30th April 2017. (via Shaam)
  • The aftermath of an airstrike on Oweijel, 30th April 2017. (via Halabtoday)
CJTF–OIR Declassified Assessment and Press Release

Attached to this civilian harm incident is a provisional reconciliation of the Pentagon's declassified assessment of this civilian harm allegation, based on matching date and locational information.

The declassified documents were obtained by Azmat Khan and the New York Times through Freedom of Information requests and lawsuits filed since March 2017, and are included alongside the corresponding press release published by the Pentagon. Airwars is currently analysing the contents of each file, and will update our own assessments accordingly.

Declassified Assessment Press Release

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition

The Coalition has not publicly reported any strikes in Aleppo governorate for April 30th-May 2nd.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    13 – 16
  • (4–9 children4–5 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2202

Incident date

April 30, 2017

Location

السخنة, Al-Sokhna , Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.8848748, 38.8711739 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A shepherd died and several other civilians were wounded in the an alleged Russian bombardment on Al-Sokhna in eastern Homs, Step News reported.

It was among several airstrikes that hit the surrounded area.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2203

Incident date

April 30, 2017

Location

عقيربات, Akeirbat, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.0412099, 37.464692 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Five civilians, including two women and a child, were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes, local media reported.

Bombs hit tents of displaced people on the outskirts of the town under Islamic State control, according to Smart News Agency. An additional four civilians were wounded, some critically.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2200

Incident date

April 29, 2017

Location

كفرزيتا , Kafr Zita, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3747033, 36.5923691 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to nine civilians including eight members of the civil defense died in alleged Russian and Syrian regime airstrikes in an “unprecedented bombing campaign” on Kafr Zita, according to local media.

Eight of the victims were killed in a strike on a civil defense shelter, including Hassan Hammoud Arfat, a paramedic and Ahmad Nayef al Hussein, a media activist. A number of civilians were wounded.

Activists in the city called it an “unprecedented bombing campaign”, beginning at 9 a.m. and continuing all day. As well as the Civil Defense Centre, mosques and residential neighborhoods were strucknwith cluster bombs and high-explosive rockets.

The city’s hospital was struck again for the second consecutive day. Sources told Smart News Agency that the radiation and emergency centers were destroyed, putting the hospital out of service permanently.

Medical staff were injured including Mazen Al-A’raj, the hospital’s administrative director and brother of one of those killed.

The hospital’s Director of Information claimed the Russian warplanes belonged to Hmeimim air base.

A military source told Al Khaleej that the airstrikes were retaliation for the large losses the regime and its supporters suffered in previous weeks.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Age unknown male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male 'civil defence' killed
Adult male 'civil defence' killed
Adult male 'media activist' killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (10) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on the hospital in Kafr Zita, April 29th 2017 (via Baladi)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on the hospital in Kafr Zita, April 29th 2017 (via Baladi)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on the hospital in Kafr Zita, April 29th 2017 (via Baladi)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on the hospital in Kafr Zita, April 29th 2017 (via Baladi)
  • Members of the White Helmets killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Karf Zita, April 29th 2017 (via Aksalser )
  • Translation: 'Russian Air Force bombed the Civil Defense Center in Kfar Zeita, in the countryside of Hama and killed 8 volunteers. Russia carried out a systematic and intensive bombing campaign against hospitals and civil defense.'
  • Translation: 'Hospital # Kafrzita countryside# Hama was completely destroyed after being targeted for the second day in a row by Russian aviation.'
  • 'Ahmad Nayef al Hussein, media activist, from al Zakat village in Hama governorate northern suburbs, killed in Syrian-Russian alliance warplanes missiles fired on Kafr Zita in Hama governorate northern suburbs, April 29, 2017.' (via SN4HR)
  • 'Hasan Hamoud Arafat, born in 1988, ambulance driver from Kafr Zita city in Hama governorate northern suburbs, killed in Syrian-Russian alliance warplanes missiles fired on the vicinity of Center 107 of the Civil Defense in Kafr Zita city as he was heading with the emergency teams to evacuate victims of earlier shelling on the center, April 29, 2017.' (via SN4HR)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Kafr Zita, April 29th (via Step)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7 – 9
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2199

Incident date

April 28, 2017

Location

كفرزيتا , Kafr Zita, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3747033, 36.5923691 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local media reported the death of one named adult-male civilian – a blind man – in an alleged Russian airstrike on the Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah mosque in Kafr Zita. According to SHRC, Russian warplanes initially targeted a hospital next to the mosque – and then returned to strike the mosque itself.

Smart reported:  “A journalist working with Smart said that two warplanes attacked the Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah mosque in the town of Kafr Zeita (38 km northwest of Hama city), which killed one civilian and destroyed the mosque. Rescue teams worked to lift the rubble and recovered the body of the young man.”

SHRC provided significant details on this event; it reported: “At approximately 04:00 on the evening of 28 April 2017, a warplanes believed to be Russian conducted a single air strike during which the Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah mosque was hit by high-impact concussion missiles, causing considerable material damage and putting the mosque out of service.

“The bombing killed a person who was present to pray the afternoon, the blind Mu’adh Hussein Arafat, and wounded others.”

According to SHRC, “the shelling caused moderate damage to the hospital adjacent to the mosque and stopped it working. The Russian planes targeted the hospital adjacent to the Abu Ubaida mosque in an air strike, in which fired concussion rockets but did not achieve its goal. After that, the aircraft returned and targeted the mosque itself, which is located east of the hospital”.

The incident occured between 4:00 pm and 4:30 pm local time.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Images showing the ruins of the Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque in the western part of Kafr Zita, following an airstrike on April 28th. Also pictured is Mu'adh Hussein Arafat, a young blind man reportedly killed in the strike. These images are from the now suspended Twitter account Alfaori , though the tweet has been archived by Airwars.
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque, Kafr Zita, April 28th 2017 (via SHRC)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque, Kafr Zita, April 28th 2017 (via SHRC)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque, Kafr Zita, April 28th 2017 (via SHRC)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque, Kafr Zita, April 28th 2017 (via SHRC)
  • The aftermath of an alleged Russian airstrike on Abu Ubaida ibn al-Jarrah Mosque, Kafr Zita, April 28th 2017 (via SHRC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2195

Incident date

April 28, 2017

Location

خربة قيس, Kherbit Qais village, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.0387, 36.52418 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A woman and a child died following alleged Russian airstrikes in the village of Kherbit Qais in eastern Idlib, according to sources on the ground.

Warplanes launched two raids at dawn, according to local sources.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2197

Incident date

April 28, 2017

Location

سرمين, Sarmin, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.904042, 36.726111

Airwars assessment

A child was killed and up to 20 other civilians were injured in alleged Russian and Syrian missile strikes on the town of Sarmin, local media reported.

Sources on the ground reported two others were killed by land-to-land cluster bombs.

A total of three died and 10 were wounded as a result of Syrian ballistic missiles on the city, according to the Revolutionary Forces of Syria. They said the bombing came from a defense factory in the countryside of Aleppo, where Assad’s headquarters are allegedly based.

A rocket reportedly landed in the center of the city causing a large number of casualties and requiring several amputations according to local media.

According to Alsouria, “the city was hit later yesterday by raids by Russian warplanes, which caused the deaths and wounded.”

The Smart News Agency and the White Helmets noted that a woman also died, while the White Helmets added that three of its members were wounded.

A young infant was later pulled alive from the rubble (see image below).

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • A wounded man in the aftermath of an airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th 2017 (via Al Souria)
  • 'Image of an infant was recovered alive from under the rubbles in suspected Russian warplanes fired 2 missiles fired on Sarmin city in Idlib governorate northern suburbs on April 28, 2017.'
  • Destruction in Sarmin following an alleged Russian raid, April 28th 2017.
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)
  • Images published by the White Helmets showing the aftermath of airstrike on Sarmin, April 28th, in which members of the White Helmets were among up to 20 civilians wounded. A woman was also reportedly killed. (via White Helmets)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 3
  • (1 child1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2198

Incident date

April 28, 2017

Location

السلمية مغيزيل, Mgheizal village, al Silmiya district, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

34.901944, 37.445833 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A woman and two children were killed in alleged Russian raids on Mghezel, east of Hama, according to a single source.

Three other civilians were reportedly  wounded during strikes on civilian houses in the village controlled by ISIS. Some were later rushed to hospital in the city Deir Ezzor.

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    3
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military