Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS3170

Incident date

March 4, 2018

Location

عربين, Arbeen, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.538143, 36.364331 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were killed and wounded in airstrikes on Arbeen, local media reported. Local Coordination Committees Syria (LCCSY) blamed Russian warplanes, while @aboalia11 blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime.

LCCSY were the only source to report the “fall of martyrs and wounded civilians as a result of raids by Russian warplanes on the city of Arbeen in the besieged East Gouta”.

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS986

Incident date

July 10, 2016

Location

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.255362, 37.087714 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two children from the same family died in airstrike on Kafr Hamra, according to sources on the ground – though reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame.

Both the regime and Russian jets were reportedly seen in Kafr Hamra on July 10th. Al Jazeera and Halab News Network both blamed Russian warplane shelling.

However, The Syrian Network for Human Rights pointed to the Syrian regime, along with several other local sources.

Sana Revolution Aleppo claimed that an entire family were wounded in the Russian warplane shelling.

Between nine and ten civilians were injured in the airstrike, according to a number of sources. Photographic evidence shows that several children were among the wounded.

ARNN tweeted explosive barrels also struck Kafr Hamra.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Mahmoud Mohammad al Hussein Al Aash
Child male killed
Ghouna Mahmoud Taha al Hussein
Child killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    9–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Rockets allegedly struck Kafr Hamra resulting in civilian casualties and injuries (Tweet by @thiqanewsagency)
  • Smoke rises at the scene of alleged aerial bombardment in Kafr Hamra (via syriahr)

Geolocation notes (1) [ collapse]

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has not reported any strikes between July 1st – 14th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    9–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3099

Incident date

February 24, 2018

Location

الشيفونية, Al Shifonya, Damascus , Syria

Geolocation

33.5582404, 36.4335823 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians were killed as al Shifonya, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, was struck by explosive barrels and missiles, local media reported – though it was unclear who was to blame.

As the shelling of eastern Ghouta continued on its seventh day, Shifonya was again struck on February 24th, which according to HalabTodayTV and Step News Agency resulted in two civilian fatalities.

Though the streets were left in complete rubble, there are, as of now, no known reports of how many were left wounded.

Sources reported about both the launch of aerial missiles carrying phosphorus and explosive barrels.

Omar Madanieh, among others, tweeted that the town was struck by “Russian raids with phosphorus”, while others, such as HalabTodayTV, reported that it were explosive barrels, launched from helicopters, that had killed the two civilians.

Finally, reports were not clear in terms of culpability, as blame was appointed to either Russia, or to both Russian and Syrian regime forces.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The streets of Al Shifonya, Damascus, after being struck with missiles and explosive barrels, carried out by either Russia or the Syrian regime, February 24th, 2018 (via Jsirtv)
  • The streets of Al Shifonya, Damascus, after being struck with missiles and explosive barrels, carried out by either Russia or the Syrian regime, February 24th, 2018 (via Jsirtv)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3144

Incident date

March 2, 2018

Location

لطمين, Latmeen, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.3586059, 36.6483307 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A young man was killed in airstrikes on Latmeen, according to social media. Sources all attributed the blame to Russian warplanes.

Sources were conflicted as to whether the young man was a civilian or a non-civilian. VDC reported that he was a non-civilian, however all other sources reported he was a civilian.

According to local media, explosive barrels were fired onto the vicinity.

VDC also reported that he was killed in a “bombardment by the Russian aggression on the agricultural land of the city where he was riding his motorcycle on the road of Al Lattamna- Latmeen”.

An unspecified number of civilians were also injured in the raids.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Khaled Salem al-Zidan
18 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • (0–1 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • The aftermath of airstrikes on Latmeen, 2nd march 2018. (via Mahmood Alhamwi)
  • Muhammad Khaled Salem al-Zidan, killed in airstrikes on Latmeen, 2nd march 2018. (via VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0 – 2
  • (0–1 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4022

Incident date

August 14, 2019

Location

بسقيا قرب معرة حرمة, Bsqia near Ma’ret Harma, Idlib , Syria

Airwars assessment

In the first of two consecutive airstrikes near Ma’ret Harma, Idlib, two medical workers for Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) were reported killed on August 14th.

SMAS USA reported “a SAMS-supported ambulance center in Ma’aret Hurmeh in southern Idlib province was targeted by six airstrikes, resulting in the death of two employees: Mohamad Hussni Mishnen, 29, a paramedic, and Fadi Alomar, 34, an ambulance driver. The facility  and the ambulance were completely destroyed.”

Macro Media Center reported that “a driver and paramedic from SAMS medical system were killed after a double Russian airstrike on Maaret Harma town south of Idlib.”

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights stated that “a driver in the ambulance team and a male nurse were killed, after being targeted by the Russian warplanes that targeted the area between Maarrat Hurmah and Sheikh Mustafa south of Idlib.”

@SyrianCoalition tweeted that “Mohammad Mishnen, 29, a paramedic doctor, and Fadi, 34, the driver of an ambulance in the SAMS ambulance system in Hama countryside, was killed by a direct airstrike from #Russian occupation yesterday morning.”

While sources predominantly named Russia as the belligerent responsible for the attack, a number of sources named both the Syrian regime and Russian forces in reports of the incident.

The incident occured in the morning.

The victims were named as:

34 years old male Medical Worker for SAMS killed
29 years old male Medical Worker for SAMS killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption Translation: "Fadi Al-Omar and Mohammad Hosni Mashnen, who sacrificed their lives today for Syria, join our colleagues in the Hama Ambulance System (SAMS) in mourning the martyr heroes, who were brutally killed by a direct Russian air strike targeting ambulances while they were in the medical point in the southern countryside of Idlib this morning" (via Justice Organisation)
  • Image Caption: "The nurse Mohammad Husni Mishnen and the ambulance driver Fadi al Omar were killed as fixed- wing warplanes we believe were Russian fired missiles on an emergency point of Hama Ambulatory system- supported by Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)- in Bsiqa village in the northwest of Ma’aret Harma village in the southern suburbs of Idlib governorate, on August 14th" (via Syrian Network for Human Rights)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Fadi Al-Omar, a driver with SAMS, was killed in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on Bsqia near Ma’ret Harma on August 14th, 2019. (via Mohammed Al Fateh).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1304

Incident date

September 22, 2016

Location

مارجا, Marja neighbourhood, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1855676, 37.1802235 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians died in an alleged Russia or Assad regime airstrike on Aleppo’s Marja neighbourhood, according to local media.

LCCSY said Russia carried out strikes, though Al Jazeera reported that seven civilians were killed in regime strikes “in the neighborhoods of Sukkari Mashhad Marjeh and Salhin.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1466

Incident date

October 16, 2016

Location

النزهة, Karam al Nuzha, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.171001, 37.150269 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two civilians died and several more were wounded in an airstrike on Aleppo’s Karam al Nuzha neighbourhood, local media reported. While most sources blamed Russia, several others noted that the regime was also conducting strikes in Aleppo during this period of time, meaning that it’s involvement can’t be ruled out.

According to @dodoo559, “two raids from the Russian warplanes targeted Karam al Nuzha neighbourhood killing two people, including Hussein Madllal, 22, and wounding a child.”

@SmartNewsAgency blamed “Russian warships” and “Russian warplanes” for the death of two civilians

Alaraby reported that “Russian and regime warplanes continued their raids on the eastern part of the opposition-controlled city of Aleppo, killing more civilians. The warplanes launched several raids on Bab al-Nasr neighborhood in the old city of Aleppo, while two civilians were killed and others were wounded by air strikes on the neighbourhood of Karam al Nuzha”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Hussein Mdalal
22 years old male named by Halab News killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1729

Incident date

December 1, 2016

Location

عندان, Anadan, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.29353, 37.04466 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several civilians died and were wounded in alleged Russian airstrikes on Anadan, local media reported.

According to Halab News, “Russian enemy planes targeted the city of Anadan in the northern Aleppo countryside this morning [Dec 1st] with several raids, leading the martyrdom of several people and the injury of others – along with material damage”.

24.com also reported an unspecified number of deaths and injuries from alleged Russian strikes on Anadan.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between December 1st – 31st 2016.

On 6 January 2017, Russia, however, reported: “Since November 8, 2016, the aircraft carrier group of the Northern Fleet consisting of the heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Severomorsk, as well as auxiliary vessels of the Black Sea Fleet, has been fulfilling counterterrorist missions on the territory of Syria”, adding that ”in the course of two months of their participation in the combat actions, naval aviation pilots have carried out 420 combat sorties, 117 of them were night ones.”

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]