Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS3296

Incident date

March 17, 2018

Location

زملكا, Zamalka, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5261, 36.35385 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least 30 and as many as 71 civilians were reportedly killed in an alleged Russian or Syrian regime forces airstrike on Zamalka on March 17th, 2018, according to local media sources.

Al Modon news said “The massacre occurred as hundreds of civilians flocked from the city of Zamalka to the city of Hamouriya, which was controlled by the militias of the regime, on Thursday. The militias had designated a crossing point for the passage of civilians to areas controlled by the regime. A source from Zamalka told the cities: “The victims were killed on the road between Zamalka and Hamouriya.”

Syria TV said quoting “the director of the news site Jobar Mohammed Abu Yaman who told Syria TV that the number of civilian casualties exceeded 60 dead and dozens of injuries so far, and that a large number of bodies of victims are still lying on the ground because of the continued shelling, as confirmed by the ambulance teams that went to the place.”

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that “30 citizens were killed in raids by warplanes on areas in Zamalka city.”

Zaman Al Wasel said “Warplanes committed [a massacre] in the city of Zamalka, during which dozens of civilians and hundreds of wounded, as a result of a missile hitting a gathering of densely populated residential areas in the city center in Eastern Ghouta.”

Step News Agency, Sky News Arabia, Zaman Al Wasel and @Wesal_TV added that the majority of victims are women and children.

A few resources mentioned that civilians had gathered earlier in Zamalka to flee many towns in Eastern Ghouta that was under constant shelling, to regime-controlled areas before being killed by the airstrike.

The death toll spanned from 30 as reported by Al Arabiya to as many as 71 according to Sky News Arabia.  Erem News reported that ‘dozens’ of civilians were injured as a result of this airstrike.

Russian forces were blamed for the attack by Smart News Agency, Step News, Syria TV and Al Modon, while Zaman Al Wasel and Erem News reported that the Syrian regime forces were responsible.

According to Zaman Al Wasel, a media activist was quoted saying “I could not bear the scenes of body parts scattered in the streets. I could not determine their numbers or distinguish between the martyr and the injured, but I do not exaggerate if I say that there are hundreds of victims.”

Also from Zaman Al Wasel, “According to activist Anas Al-Khouli, a survivor of the massacre, a guided missile dropped by a Russian plane at 7:05 am on Saturday targeted a gathering of residents in the crowded residential buildings, which resulted in the fall of dozens of civilians, mostly women and children.”

He continued saying “”The scene is described as the Day of Resurrection, I could not bear the scenes of body parts scattered in the streets. I could not determine their numbers and distinguish between the martyr and the wounded, but do not exaggerate if we say that there are hundreds of victims.”

Al Masry Al Youm said that “More than 10,000 civilians fled early Saturday to regime-held areas through the Hamouriyeh crossing.”

The incident occured at 07:05:00 local time.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

The victims were named as:

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    30 – 71
  • (1 child2 women27 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–100
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A child killed in an alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime forces airstrike on Zamalka, March 17th, 2018

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    30 – 71
  • (1 child2 women27 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20–100
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3349

Incident date

March 27, 2018

Location

حاس, Has, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.616349, 36.593399 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Several civilians were reported injured and/or killed in alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime forces airstrikes on Hass in Idlib, Syria on March 27th, 2018 according to local sources. The sources reported that the area was targeted at least with two raids while others reported that four raids were launched.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said “raids targeting areas in the town of Hass, caused material damage with news about injuries due to the bombing.”

@omargen919 and @wateen_media mentioned that Hass hospital was put out of services after it was targeted with those raids.

Edlib Media Center, @HalabTodayTV, @omargen919, @wateen_media, @RFS_mediaoffice @GenevaUpdates, @mohanadalshekh ,and @blaas083 blamed Russia for the raids, while @IdlibPlus and @abo22yazed blamed the Syrian regime.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3537

Incident date

September 4, 2018

Location

فريكة, Freika, idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Two civilians were reported killed, and another injured in Freeka town in Idlib, as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on September 4th, 2018, according to local sources.

Syrian TV reported that “a civilian was killed and his son was seriously wounded in Russian air strikes on the village of Freeka in Idlib countryside.” Macro Media Center identified the victim as Ahmad Mohammad al-Jaber, and said that his son Omar was injured in the incident.

However, Enab Baladi said that two civilians were killed in the attack. “According to the reporter of Enab Baladi in the Idlib countryside, the shelling killed three people in the city of Jisr Al-Shughour, and two in the town of Freeika in Idlib countryside.”

Sputnik reported from a Russian military source that “On the same day [September 4], four planes from the Russian air unit deployed at the Hmeymim Airbase carried out strikes on Nusra Front terrorist group targets in Idlib province with precision-guided munitions.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (2)

Ahmad Muhammad Al-Jaber أحمد محمد الجابر
male killed
Omar Ahmad Al-Jaber عمر أحمد الجابر
male critical injury injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Al Qaeda/HTS

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The bombing of Freika, 4th Sept 2018. (via Sputnik)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Al Qaeda/HTS

Sources (10) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3567

Incident date

December 31, 2018

Location

مرعند, Mar'and, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.77769, 36.22453 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Civilians were possibly injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on the town of Mar’and, Jisr Al Shughour countryside, on December 31st, 2018, according to local sources.

Masr Al Arabia reported that civilians were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on civilian homes in the village of Mar’and on December 31st.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights wrote that there were possible casualties in alleged airstrikes after midnight on the former headquarters of factions in the area. The SOHR did not specify whether the possible casualties were civilians or not.

Edlib Media Center reported two raids on the outskirts of the towns of Al Zayniyeh and Mar’and. While several other sources reported on the strikes, none of them reported on possible civilian casualties.

According to the SOHR, it was the first time since the agreement on a demilitarized zone on September 17th, 2018, between Russia and Turkey that a Russian airstrike took place in the area.

The incident occured after midnight.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3414

Incident date

April 23, 2018

Location

مخيم اليرموك ,الحجر الأسود , التضامن ,القدم, Al Yarmouk refugee camp , Al Hajar Al Aswad , Al Kadam and Al Tadamn, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.473938, 36.300631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Syrian warplanes reportedly carried out 160 air raids on Al Yarmouk refugee camp, as well as the neighborhoods of Al Hajar Al Aswad , Al Kadam and Al Tadamn.

More than 40 land-to-surface missiles were launched alongside 35 bombs from helicopters, according to Douma Revolution. Syrian forces also delivered hundreds of rocket-propelled grenades.

The shelling injured a number of civilians according to Douma Revolution page on Facebook.

Russian forces were also reportedly involved.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Russian and Syrian warplanes hit Yarmouk camp (Douma Revolution, April 2018)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3481

Incident date

June 27, 2018

Location

طفس, Tafas, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime forces airstrikes on Tafas in Dara’a on June 27th, 2018 led to injuries among civilians.

Shaam Network reported that “the raids also resulted in  a number of wounded in  Daraa al-Balad, Ghariyah al-Sharqiya, al-Harak, Saida, Nahata, Kahil, Nawa, Tasil, al Soura, Ibta’a, Al Shaikh Saad, Tafas and al Taibeh.”

@OrientNews tweeted that on that day there were “Russian raids on the cities of Nawa, Tafas, the town of Al Sheikh Saad and Tasil in # Daraa.” @AishaSapri also tweeted that Russian raids targeted the area on that day.

No further information is available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3491

Incident date

June 29, 2018

Location

تل شهاب, Tal Shihab, Dara'a, Syria

Geolocation

32.686231, 35.980525 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two male civilians were killed in alleged Russian air or artillery strikes on the town of Tal Shihab on June 29th, 2018, according to local sources.

@asfyhbjinnkhvgz reported the deaths of Ayman Ahmed Al Amyan and journalist Ali Al Rifai Abu Hussein in Tal Shihab. Hamza Al Shaheed wrote on Facebook that Al Rifai had been killed in Russian shelling on the town. It is unclear whether Al Rifai was working at the time of the shelling.

Currently, further information is unavailable to Airwars.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3501

Incident date

June 29, 2018

Location

ام المياذن, Um Al Mayathen, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported a number of killed and injured civilians in Um Al Mayathen in Dara’a, Syria on June 29th, 2018 as a result of alleged Russian forces or Syrian regime forces airstrikes.

Shaam Network said “The Russian military and Assad aircraft and helicopter gunships launched air strikes with rockets and explosive barrels on the neighborhoods of Daraa and on the towns and villages of Nawa, Tafs, Kahil, Sheikh Saad, Giza, Mseifra, Saida, Al Gharia Al Gharbia and Sharqiya and Um Al Maythen, resulting in the deaths and injuries of civilians.”

No further information is available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (5) [ collapse]