Russian Military in Syria

Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

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Incident Code

RS823

Incident date

May 31, 2016

Location

كفرتخاريم, Kafr Takharim, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.1169382, 36.5147781 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Activists told the Shaam News Network that “Sukhoi 24 warplanes” carried out strikes on Kafr Takharim, killing two children and wounding other civilians. In a later news roundup it said that the aircraft were “believed to be Russian”. A number of other news reports, including from Qasioun News, also blamed Russia.

But the Syrian Network for Human Rights blamed the Assad regime, reporting that its warplanes fired missiles near a dispensary.

A Tweet by Abulghafour alleged that as many as six civilians were killed in strikes on the city.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • Warplanes shelling in Kafr Tkharim. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • White helmets look for surviours in Kafr Tkharim. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • Putting down the fire in residential buildings. (via Kafr Tkharim)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via Zakaria Nassani)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)
  • aftermath of the airstrike. (via bridge)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not publicly reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 6
  • (2 children)
  • Civilians reported injured
    10–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

CS1663

Incident date

November 2, 2017

Location

باغوز, Al Baghouz, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

34.41036, 40.96066 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Within 100m (via Coalition) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Four or more civilians died in an airstrike on al Baghouz, according to local media. While most sources pointed towards the Coalition, one said that it was unclear whether Russia had been responsible. The US-led alliance later admitted killing five civilians in the event.

According to Al Hal, “Coalition forces also raided al-Bagouz village in the same countryside, killing four civilians and injuring more than 20 others, mostly women and children”.

Euphrates Post also blamed the Coalition, reporting that “there were four deaths and a number of wounded, with a whole family are still under the rubble, following a terrible massacre as a result of air strikes believed to be by the International coalition”. The source named victims.

It was reported that “a number of charred bodies and a whole family who are still under the rubble at the home of Eid al-Daham.”

Al Bukamal is Being Slaughtered reported a bombing on “the house of Riad Mohammed al-Daham al-Rahbi.” It proceeded to say: “We received news that they had in their house a guest Saleh Obeid al Khalaf al Marsoumi and he died under the rubble with the family.”

However, according to Al Bukamal news, it was “unknown whether the bombing was by Russia or the Coalition.”

It should also be noted that on November 3rd and 4th, locals reported that they had come under attack from “Iraqi shelling.”

In its November 2018 casualty report the Coalition admitted responsibility for five deaths, noting that ” Coalition aircraft conducted multiple airstrikes targeting identified ISIS personnel and equipment. Unfortunately, during one of the strikes, five civilians were unintentionally killed.”

The Coalition provided Airwars with the location of this incident, accurate to within a 100 metre box.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Sulaiman Saleh al Obeid al Khalaf
Adult male killed
The child Hassan Ali al-Aboud
Child male killed
Ali Saleh al-Obeid
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    US-led Coalition
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Suleiman Al - Saleh Al - Obeid, killed in an alleged Coalition airstrike on Al Baghous, November 2nd 2017. (via Euphrates Post)

Geolocation notes

Prior to the Coalition releasing the MGRS for this incident, Airwars had geolocated it to the nearest village at 34.4111111, 40.9611111

US-led Coalition Assessment:

  • Known belligerent
    US-led Coalition
  • US-led Coalition position on incident
    Credible / Substantiated
    The investigation assessed that although all feasible precautions were taken and the decision to strike complied with the law of armed conflict, unintended civilian casualties regrettably occurred.
  • Given reason for civilian harm
    No reason given
    Airwars’ assessment of belligerent’s civilian casualty statement
  • Initial Airwars grading
    Confirmed
  • Civilian deaths conceded
    5
  • Stated location
    near Al-Baghouz, Syria
    Nearest population center
  • Location accuracy
    100 m
  • MGRS coordinate
    37SFU802094
    Military Grid Reference System

Civilian casualty statements

US-led Coalition
  • Nov 29, 2018

  • On Nov. 2, 2017, near Al-Baghouz, Syria, via Airwars report Coalition aircraft conducted multiple airstrikes targeting identified ISIS personnel and equipment. Unfortunately, during one of the strikes, five civilians were unintentionally killed.

Original strike reports

US-led Coalition
Official source

For November 2nd-3rd: “Near Abu Kamal, one strike destroyed an ISIS line of communication. Near Dayr Az Zawr, six strikes engaged four ISIS tactical units and destroyed an ISIS line of communication, a VBIED factory and an ISIS headquarters.”

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Confirmed
    A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
  • Known attacker
    US-led Coalition
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS482

Incident date

January 27, 2016

Location

كفر لاها, Al Houla, Homs, Syria

Geolocation

34.8943617, 36.4957666 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Six civilians including one woman and two children (a boy and a girl) were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Kafr Laha, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

The Observatory initially reported that five non-combatants died when “warplanes believed to be Russian which targeted places in Kafr Laha village at al-Houla.” They then reported that this had risen to six and that the death toll was expected to rise because some people were in a critical condition.

Activists told Shaam News that warplanes struck the towns of “al Houla and Deir Foul which led to the death of 3 martyrs and 40 wounded in al Houla.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Fahimah Ibrahim Yousuf
50 years old killed
Samer Abdul Bari Harba
38 years old killed
Riad Alaa Ibrahim
32 years old killed
Amal Ahmed Alsayedali
13 years old killed
Mohamed Mahmoud Younis
6 years old male killed
Umm Hassan A’armoush
Age unknown displaced from Homs killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    41–40
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (5) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage of an injured man receiving medical support following an alleged Russian raid on Al Houla, 27th January 2016. (via, Homs Media Centre)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Distressing footage of injured and deceased civilians in a chaotic medical facility following an alleged Russian raid on Al Houla, 27th January 2016. (via, Homs Media Centre)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage of a seriously injured child following an alleged Russian raid on Al Houla, 27th January 2016. (via, Homs Media Centre)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The immediate aftermath of the alleged Russian raid on Al Houla, 27th January 2016. Injured civilians shown being taken from the scene. (via, Homs Media Centre)

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage of the aftermath of the alleged Russian raid. Some similar images can be seen as the previous source. (via, Aleppo Media Centre)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

In its military report published on 1st February 2016, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last week, the Russian aircraft in the Syrian Arab Republic have performed 468 combat sorties engaging 1354 terrorists’ infrastructural facilities in the Aleppo, Latakia, Hama, Homs, Damascus, Raqqah, Daraa and Deir ez-Zor provinces. Among them – 24 ones were carried out by Tu-22M3 long-range bombers from the Russian territory…In the Vadi Kaddahat plain (Homs province), after the UAV confirmation of the data received from the Syrian governmental troops concerning a terrorists’ strong point, the object was engaged. Objective monitoring data registered destruction of two automobile vehicles with large-caliber machine guns and elimination of 10 militants.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    41–40
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3914

Incident date

July 16, 2019

Location

طبيش, Tabish, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

@Step_Agency claimed that Russian forces carried out airstrikes on Jisr al-Shughour, Ma’rshurin, Hantoutin, Deir Sennbel, Heesh, Sahiyan and Tabish in rural Idlib, killing six civilians and injuring dozens across these locations.

Other local sources said that the Syrian regime was also involved in undertaking the attacks, but didn’t mention casualties.

No other details are known at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 6
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1 – 6
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1335

Incident date

September 24, 2016

Location

حي باب النيرب, Bab al Nayrab (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1918713, 37.1722841 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Five named civilians from the same family, including three children, died as result of either Russian or Syrian regime airstrike in the Bab Nayrab neighbourhood of Aleppo, according to local media.

CNN reported that civilian infrastructure was destroyed in the strike: “As a result of heavy shelling last night, Bab Nayrab station, which provides water to about 250,000 people in the eastern districts of Aleppo stopped pumping because of being badly damaged”. Several other sources also cited damage to the water station amid “violent raids”.

While most sources claimed the strike was conducted by Russia, The Syrian Network for Human Rights said it was the Syrian regime.

According to SN4HR, “five civilians from one family, including three children, have died from bombing of regime warplanes on Bab Neirab neighborhood in the city of Aleppo.”

A later report by SN4HR gave further details on the location of the strike, which reportedly “struck the residential buildings in the vicinity of Al Sena’a circle in Bab Al Nayrab”

Most sources seem to agree with the number of five dead civilians, while LCCSY gives a lower estimate at one person dead and Syrianpc says six died.

Syriamubasher named five victims as:gave details on the name of five victims.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Alaa Majed Rihawi
4 years old killed
Ghram Majid Rihawi
7 months years old killed
Raed Majid Rihawi
5 years old killed
Fatima al-Numan
24 years old female killed
Mahmoud Rihawi
31 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmet rescue team searches for victims in the rubble at Bab Nayrab. The impact of alleged Russian shelling on September 24th (via SN4HR PDF)
  • Civilians found under the rubble in Bab Nayrab by the White Helmets. The human cost of alleged Russian shelling on September 24th (via SN4HR PDF)
  • Photographs of the White Helmet rescue mission in Bab Nayrab following alleged Russian shelling, September 24th (via @ShahbaPress)
  • Aleppo_neighborhoods_rupture_by_Russian_and_Syrian_forces (1)

    A report entitled 'Aleppo neighbourhoods rupture by Russian and Syrian forces' details the events at Al Zabadia on September 25th (PDF via SN4HR) [Arabic]

  • Aleppo_neighborhoods_rupture_by_Russian_and_Syrian_forces_en (1)

    A report entitled 'Aleppo neighbourhoods rupture by Russian and Syrian forces' details the events at Al Halak on September 25th (PDF via SN4HR) [English]

  • At_least_49_massacre_in_September_2016_en

    A report entitled 'At least 49 massacres in September 2016' details events at Tareeq al Bab, September 24th (PDF via SN4HR) [English]

  • At_least_49_massacre_in_September_2016

    A SN4HR report entitled - 'At least 49 massacres in September' details the events in Al Shia Ar, September 27th (PDF via SN4HR) [Arabic]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (19) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS589

Incident date

February 9, 2016

Location

تلمنس, Talmanas, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.63726, 36.73746 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Six civilians including two children and three women died in airstrikes on Talmanas, according to local sources – though they are conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime, and there is also some confusion on the date of the incident.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that 17 civilians died as a result of “raids by warplanes believed to be Russian on Talmanas, al-Ftirah and Aafes“. It put the death toll in Talmanas at six, including one child and three women.

Three victims of a Russian strike were named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies.

Three further victims (from an alleged Russian strike) were named by Syrian Press Center.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights regime shelling killed at least three civilians – though they gave the date for this as a day earlier, February 9th, meaning that this could be a separate incident.

Al Souria also blamed the regime.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Safa Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Iman Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Maryam Abdul Kafi A’awad
Age unknown female Named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Mustafa Nidal Al Shawirdi
Child male displaced from the city of Mork in Hama, named by Syrian Press Center killed
Abdalkarim Nidal Al Shawirdi
Age unknown male displaced from the city of Mork in Hama, named by Syrian Press Center killed
Malak Kafi el Awad
Age unknown male from Talmanas, named by Syrian Press Center killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia makes no public mention of having carried out strikes in Idlib for the period of February 10th – February 15th and published the following in response to civilian casualty allegations in the governorate during these dates:

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (2 children3 women2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (6) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3045

Incident date

February 20, 2018

Location

عين ترما, Ain Tarma, Damascus , Syria

Geolocation

33.51602, 36.35078 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least three civilians were killed and up to dozens were left wounded as Ain Tarma, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, was struck by airstrikes, local media reported, who, however, were unclear whether to blame Russia or the Syrian regime – or both.

As depicted on footage from the scene, the airstrikes hit residential areas and left parts of Ain Tarma in complete rubble.

The majority of sources reported three fatalities, hereof one identified by name by @LaLaKdaho. Syrian Network for Human Rights (SN4HR) noted that the strikes had claimed “at least” three civilian lives.

On February 24th, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported the recovery of the bodies of “a mother and her four children [who] were killed four days ago in the town of Ein Tirma.”

France24, again on February 24th, said: “The bodies of five other civilians were recovered Saturday {Feb 24th] from the rubble, which turned out to belong to a mother and her four children who were killed four days ago in the town of Ein Tirma.”

The number of wounded spanned from “several” to as many as dozens, the latter reported by Step News Agency.

Reports disagreed in terms of culpability. While just one source, Orient News, pointed solely to Assad, Step News and Ghouta Media Center blamed Russia, and finally, several sources, including SN4HR, identified both Assad and Russia as responsible.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Marwan Bakoura
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (4 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Smoke in the streets of Ain Tarma, Damascus, following the contested airstrikes on February 20th, 2018 (via GMC)
  • Smoke rising from Ain Tarma, Damascus, following the contested airstrikes on February 20th, 2018 (via Damas Press)
  • The moment Ain Tarma, Damascus, is being hit by the contested airstrikes on February 20th, 2018 (via Smart News Agency)
  • The moment Ain Tarma, Damascus, is being hit by the contested airstrikes on February 20th, 2018, followed by the immediate aftermath where large parts of the city was left in rubble (via Alaa al-Ahmad)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between February 1st - 28th 2018.


Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (4 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS878

Incident date

June 8, 2016

Location

حي ‏المرجة‬, Marjah (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1855676, 37.1802235 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to six civilians including two women and two children died and dozens more were injured in raids on the Marja neighborhood of Aleppo, according to local sources – though it is unclear whether Russia or the Syrian regime were responsible.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that four civilians including two women died when “suspected Russian warplanes” fired missiles on Marja.

Activists told the Shaam News Network that “warplanes” (they didn’t identify them) targeted civilian homes, killing four non-combatants and injuring many more – most of them children.

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, helicopters dropped barrel bombs on locations in the Marja neighbourhood. It also put the death toll at four, including at least two children – but did not say who the helicopters belonged to.

Mansoorhossein put the death toll at six, reporting that a “bakery was burned, and that the neighborhood is now without a bakery and a medical point”. It did not name the culprit.

Similarly, Alamawi said that the last bakery in the area was destroyed by the strike.

However, other sources including Al Jazeera and Jisr TV blamed the regime.

Other sources reported that civilians had been killed by helicopters, dropping “explosive barrels” – though it didn’t identify who they belonged to.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 6
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • "Warplanes and helicopters target Al-Marja in Aleppo where there are at least three martyrs and many wounded" (Youtube by Hadi Al-Abdullah)
  • Children wounded after alleged warplane shelling in Marja (Tweet by @jisrtv)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military
Official source

Russia has not reported any strikes between June 1st – 31st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 6
  • (2 children2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    6–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]