Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS1259

Incident date

September 11, 2016

Location

الحامدية, Al Hamdiya, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.614779, 36.657085 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Hamdiya village, sources on the ground reported.

According to Shahba, “Many civilians were wounded due to Russian warplanes shelling in Al-Hamediya village in southern Idlib”.

Step News added that “Russian planes targeted the edges of al Hamdiya village south of Maarat al Numan in the southern countryside and there was news of casualties.”

RFS and Omaralmarawi said that many children and women were wounded, but didn’t apportion blame.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between September 1st – 30th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4180

Incident date

November 17, 2019

Location

بلدات متعددة, Several towns in Idlib, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

An unidentified number of civilians have reportedly been injured by alleged Russian airstrikes in the towns Kafrnabal, Tarmala, Naqir, Khan al-Sibel, Fatira, Jabala, Arinba, Biskla and Ma’rzita on November 17th, 2019. Shaam news reported that Russian “planes and helicopter gunships” carried out the attack. The villages of Tahtaya, Mardabsa, Umm Jalal and Abu Habba “came under artillery and rocket shelling”, according to Shaam news.

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4215

Incident date

December 2, 2019

Location

الصرمان, Al Sarman, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that one civilian, a woman, was killed and at least six others were injured, apparently her children, in an alleged Russian or Syrian regime forces airstrike on Al Sarman in Idlib, Syria on December 2nd 2019.

A local social media user, ammar.kat, posted on Facebook that this raid happened by a MiG-21 aircraft.

The incident occured at 09:40:00 local time.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Image showing an airstrike targeting Al Sarman in Idlib on Dec 2nd (via EMC)
  • Civil Defense Teams worked to rescue the injured and inspect the targeted sites after a Russian or Syrian regime airstrike on December 2nd 2019. (Image via @media_idlib / Twitter)
  • "A picture shows the moment the regime's warplanes targeted six explosive missiles in the town of Sorman near the Turkish checkpoint east of Idlib." (Image via EMC / Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4248

Incident date

December 16, 2019

Location

معرشمارين, Ma’ar Shmareen, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

As many as five civilians, including two women and a child, were killed and dozens of civilians, mostly women and children, were injured following alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Ma’ar Shmareen, Idlib Governorate on December 16th, 2019, according to multiple sources. The names of those killed and injured indicate several of the victims came from two families.

Two sources, The Syrian Network for Human Rights and The Syrian Human Rights Committee, reported that the girl Ikhlas Abdul Aziz al Mustafa and the women Jamila Jum’a al Mustafa and Fatima Mahmoud al Mustafa were killed. Additional sources also reported the death of two women and a child but did not provide their identities. The Syrian Human Rights Committee reported that five people were killed in total, in what it called a “Russian bombing”.

Dozens of civilians were reported to have been injured. Twitter user, @iA6TWquU3yvk2RK, named some of them as: Khadija Al-Mustafa, 4, Baraa Al-Mustafa, 25, Zainab Al-Hassan, 6, and Badi’ Al-Hassan, 7. Those injured were said to be mostly women and children.

The majority of the sources reported that planes of the Russian airforce carried out the strikes. A correspondent for Al-Jisr said Russian warplanes had used “vacuum missiles” to target civilian houses in the town which led to “widespread destruction in the area”.

Four sources said they were unable to identify whether the aircraft were Russian or Syrian. Two sources said Syrian regime helicopters carried out the strike using barrel bombs. Zaman Al Wasl reported the barrel bombs had targeted a secondary school in the town.

In a video posted to the organisations’ Facebook page, members of the Syrian White Helmets could be seen recovering the body of a young girl from a field.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 5
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–12
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (14) [ collapse]

  • Alleged Russian strikes on Ma’ar Shmareen, Dec 16th 2019.
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on Ma’ar Shmareen on December 16th, 2019 (via Syrian Observatory for Human Rights).
  • An image that accompanied a Tweet about alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Ma’ar Shmareen, Idlib Governorate on December 16th, 2019. (Uploaded by @anasanas84)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian infrastructure
    School
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 5
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    4–12
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (22) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4283

Incident date

December 22, 2019

Location

تلمنس, Tal Menes, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Four civilians, initially reported as three, were killed and others were wounded in the town of Tal Menes after warplanes fired missiles into the town on the 21st of December.

A series of news outlets as well as the Idlib Civil Defense confirmed the deaths. Orient Net, Al-Muharrer Network, and Stab News with their reporter Omar al-Omar, listed the casualties as Hussein Hasan al-Hasan, Suleiman al Halabi, Hussein Makkawi, and Ahmed Abu Al-Laith al-Maati, described as an unarmed civilian, husband, and father.

None of the sources were able to confirm the exact number of wounded. The Syrian Civil Defense members could not immediately treat those wounded due to the fury of the bombing.

The bombing raids struck Talmans in the southern countryside of Idlib. Local reports confirmed that houses and residential areas were targeted by the missiles.

All local sources detailed the planes as Russian warplanes as responsible for these strikes.

The incident occured around midnight.

The victims were named as:

Suleiman Al-Halab سليمان الحلبي
Age unknown male killed
Hussein Makkawi حسين مكاوي
Age unknown killed
Ahmed Abu Al-Laith al-Maati أحمد المعاطي
Age unknown killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • Image of Ahmed Abu Al-Laith al-Maati, killed in airstrikes on Tal Menes on December 22, 2019. (Image posted by Al-Maata clan via Facebook)
  • Suleiman Al-Halab, killed in airstrikes on Tal Menes on December 22, 2019. (Image posted by Abdul Jabar via Facebook)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 4
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4314

Incident date

January 17–18, 2020

Location

جمعية بالا, Jama'ait Bala, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Five civilians of the same family, including three children, were killed and others were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes in the village of Jama’ait Bala, Aleppo governorate, in the night of January 17th to January 18th, 2020, according to local sources.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that “the children Dalal and Abdullah Sabouneh, their father Muhammad Adib Sabouneh and their mother Qamar Helal were killed as fixed-wing warplanes we believe were Russian fired missiles on their house in Jam’iyet Balah area located near in Einjara village in the western suburbs of Aleppo suburbs, on January 18, 2020″. The SCD also reported that their sister Rihan Sabouneh was killed. In one post, the SCD stated that a shelter was targeted, but in another post, they speak of a residential home as the target of the strike. SCD Aleppo reported that the family had been displaced earlier.

Smart reported that in the night from Friday to Saturday a Russian bomb struck the shelter 16km west of Aleppo, killing the two parents and their two children. LCYY and JISIR provided some further detail, stating that the alleged Russian airstrike was conducted at 00:07 am, killing the Sabouneh family.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that a man and woman and their three children had died. Step Agency reported an unknown number of civilians was wounded.

The Syrian Civil Defence wrote on Facebook that “despite the truce declared by the guarantor parties Russia and Turkey, there were continued airstrikes and artillery shelling by the regime forces and its Russian ally yesterday, on Idlib, its countryside, western Hama and Aleppo, killing five civilians, including two children and a woman, and wounding four others with a will in the countryside of Aleppo. Our teams documented targeting 17 cities and towns with 31 airstrikes, and more than 79 artillery shells.”

The suspected attacker has mostly been alleged to be the Russian Armed Forces, by sources such as SHaam and Halap today. SCD on the other hand reported on the involvement of the Russian Armed Forces and the Syrian Armed Forces.

The incident occured around midnight.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Adult male killed
Adult female killed
Child male killed
Child female killed
Child female killed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (35) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (9) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Footage of aftermath of alleged Russian airstrike on Jam'ait Bala in the night of January 17th to 18th, 2020 (via @abuhuzaifa_).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victim of alleged Russian airstrike on Jam'ait Bala in the night of January 17th to 18th, 2020 (via @abuhuzaifa_).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victim of alleged Russian airstrike on Jam'ait Bala in the night of January 17th to 18th, 2020 (via @abuhuzaifa_).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Victim of alleged Russian airstrike on Jam'ait Bala in the night of January 17th to 18th, 2020 (via @abuhuzaifa_).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteer sitting by the bodies of victims killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on the village of Jama'ait Bala, Aleppo governorate in the night of January 17th to January 18th, 2020 (via SNHR).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers and civilians looking for victims underneath the rubble after alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Jama'ait Bala in the night of January 17th to 18th, 2020 (via SCD on Facebook).
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Syrian Civil Defence volunteer sitting by the bodies of victims killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on the village of Jama'ait Bala, Aleppo governorate in the night of January 17th to January 18th, 2020 (via SCD Aleppo).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5
  • (3 children1 woman1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (35) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS1422

Incident date

October 9, 2016

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Local media reported that an alleged Russian airstrike on the suburb Douma in Damascus wounded several civilians, though there were no claims of fatalities.

According to the Shaam News Network, “Russian warplanes raids in both eastern and western Ghouta caused fires but no reports of civilian casualties. Activists said there were two raids in the center of Douma and one on the edges near Shifonia, which caused fires”.

Several sources noted the use of the internationally banned phosphor and napalm.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via SCD Rif-Dimashq)
  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via SCD Rif-Dimashq)
  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via SCD Rif-Dimashq)
  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via SCD Rif-Dimashq)
  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via SMO)
  • Fires in residential homes due to the use of phosphor and napalm bombs in Douma. (via CDS)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between October 1st – 19th 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (15) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4327

Incident date

January 21, 2020

Location

أورم الكبرى, Urma Al Kubra, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Local sources reported that five children and their mother were injured as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on Urm Al Kubra in Aleppo, on January 21st, 2020.

Local Coordination Committees of Syria reported in the outcome of the bombing that hit Aleppo Governorate on Tuesday, January 21st, 2020, “12:18 pm, a Russian raid targets the outskirts of Urm Al Kubra and results in the injury of a mother and five children from the Al Jumayli family.”

All of the sources that reported on the incident also reported that six civilians were injured and that Russia was responsible for the airstrikes.

The incident occured at 12:18:00 local time.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]