Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

R4534

Incident date

July 26, 2023

Location

الأتارب, Al Atareb, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

On July 26, 2023, two civilians were reportedly killed in al-Atareb, Aleppo, in an artillery strike allegedly launched by Syrian regime and/or Russian forces. Aid workers indicated that two additional people were injured in the attack.

Syria Civil Defence shared that a young man and his uncle—identified as Mahmoud Ahmad Rustam and Abd al-Razzaq Abdo Rustam by independent journalist Ahmad al-Shably—were killed on the outskirts of al-Atareb while they were grazing sheep, with other sources mentioning that the civilians were in a car at the time of the attack. Sources corroborate that the two men were shepherds, who lived in the nearby village of Anjara.

When asked by Syria TV News, Civil Defence personnel stated that two other individuals were wounded, one of whom was Mahmoud Ahmad Rustam’s father. The spokesman also stated that the artillery strike and concurrent guided missile attack were launched by the Syrian regime and Russian military forces. Multiple sources refer to the munition used in the attack as an anti-tank guided missile, or ATGM.

A tweet from @mzmgr941 pointed out that at the time, seven Russian/Iranian reconnaissance planes and three Coalition reconnaissance planes were monitoring the area.

Following the attack, victims were evacuated and treated by aid workers affiliated with Syria Civil Defence. The Syrian Civil Defense also reported that around midnight the same evening, a car for the families of the victims of the initial strike were attacked by guided missiles launched by the Syrian regime forces, which resulted in a fire but no injuries. However, the Syrian regime continued to monitor the location, making it difficult for Civil Defense volunteers to reach the site of the strikes.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

bd al-Razzaq Abdo Rustam عبد الرزاق عبدو رستم
male killed
Mahmoud Ahmad Rustam محمود أحمد رستم
male Nephew of Abd killed
Mahmoud Ahmad Rustam’s father
male injured

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

  • Civil defense volunteers with victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Civil defense volunteers with victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Civil defense volunteers with victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • Civil defense volunteers with victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @SyriaCivilDefe)
  • One of the victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @Ahmad_1alshble)
  • One of the victims of alleged Russian or Syrian regime shelling on July 26, 2023. (Image posted by @Ahmad_1alshble)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The death of two civilians from the town of "Anjara" as a result of targeting their car with a missile directed by the regime's militia, in the vicinity of the town of Kafr Nuran, west of Aleppo. 📸 The video is circulating from sources from Aleppo

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian infrastructure
    Agriculture
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (17) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4552

Incident date

September 2, 2023

Location

السحارة, Al Sahara, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Up to three civilians – a man, his daughter, and another girl – were injured in Al Sahara, Western Aleppo, by artillery allegedly fired by the Syrian regime and/or Russian military on September 2, 2023.

All three injured in the evening shelling were civilians, according to SCD News, and both girls were children. The shelling had also caused a blacksmith’s workshop in the village to catch on fire. Syrian Civil Defense teams treated those affected, extinguished the fire, and reported no additional casualties. @baladinetwork was the only source to report a lower casualty estimate of two wounded.

Over 10 shells had struck Al Sahara, Atareb Media reported, though sources varied on the source of the artillery fire. Some local outlets — including Atareb — labeled Russian forces as responsible. Others, like Step News, said the shells were fired by the Syrian regime. Multiple sources mentioned that rockets were used in the attack.

The incident occured in the evening.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2123

Incident date

April 13, 2017

Location

مراط , Merat, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Geolocation

35.31407, 40.23865 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilians were wounded by an alleged Russian airstrike “by napalm bombs” on Merat, according to local media.

No further details are currently available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2106

Incident date

April 10, 2017

Location

كفرناها, Kafr Naha, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1656062, 36.9718334 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Multiple airstrikes struck the towns of Ouweijal and Kafr Naha in western Aleppo, causing an unspecified number of wounded civilians. All sources attributed the strike to Russian warplanes.

Some sources alleged that phosphorus and cluster munitions were used. Multiple civilians were reported wounded and fires were caused. 

There are no other details at this time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2207A

Incident date

May 1, 2017

Location

جبل ابو الظهور , Abo Al Zohour mountain, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.738569, 37.048087 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

In this single-source event, Smart News Agency reported that airstrikes, likely to be Russian, hit the mountain of Abu al Dhouhour in Idlib, wounding six civilians, including children and women.

There is currently no further information available.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st - 31st 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    6
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2169

Incident date

April 25, 2017

Location

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.5714804, 36.4033699 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to four civilians were injured in an airstrike in Douma, eastern Damascus, according to local media sources – though it was not clear whether Russia or the Assad regime were responsible.

The Facebook page, Douma Revolution, did not positively identify a belligerent but they reported that one of the injured was evacuated after “warplanes targeted residential neighbourhoods.”

Russian warplanes were “likely responsible” according to LCC-Sy, who reported that “several” civilians were wounded in the attack.

However, other sources such as @akhbar, stated that the strikes were likely conducted by Assad’s regime.

The only source to give an exact casualty count was Alaa Alahmad who reported on YouTube that two missiles caused four civilians to be injured.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • Translation: #Damascus_Countryside #Eastern_Alghouta The destruction caused by one of the air raids that targeted the city of Douma, in the countryside of Damascus with two missiles - resulting in four civilian casualties.
  • Translation: Wounded by airstrike, likely to be the Assad forces on the city of #east # Damascus

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any specific strikes between April 1st - 31st 2017.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–4
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2716

Incident date

November 11, 2017

Location

الشيخ بركة, Sheikh Baraka, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

35.559414, 36.979632 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

An unspecified number of civilian were injured in airstrikes which struck the village of Sheikh Baraka. Sources all blamed Russia for the strikes.

“Um Muwaylat refugee camp, the villages of Sara’a, Sheikh Baraka and Ramleh” were all “targeted” in the raids.

EdlibEMC1 described the raids as “heavy”, however there were no reports of civilian deaths.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS2794

Incident date

December 12, 2017

Location

الحمرا, Civilian convoy between the villages of Bouyoud and al Andreen in al Hamra district, eastern Hama, Hama, Syria

Geolocation

35.312508, 37.085039 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between two and five civilians were wounded in an airstrike which struck a bus or car carrying civilians in Al-Hamra, local media said. Sources all attributed blame to Russia.

The wounded were transferred to medical points.

According to ‘Al Latamna youth group’ on Facebook, ” two civilians were wounded in an air strike by Russian occupation aircraft on a civilian bus between the villages of # Al Boyoud and Al-Andrian in Al Hamra area in the eastern suburb of Hama.”

It is unclear whether or not a car was targeted or a bus, however it is evident that civilian housing was partially destroyed in the raid.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

The Russian Ministry of Defence announced being active in unspecified parts of Syria until December 11th, 2017.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    0
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–5
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (4) [ collapse]