Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS810

Incident date

May 27, 2016

Location

كلجبرين‬, Kaljibrin, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.5359847, 37.1173525 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

A single source, Halab Today TV, reported that one child was killed and two other civilians were injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Kaljabrin.

At 0’21” in the footage an eyewitness, Ayman Al Hindawi says: “On Thursday May 26th, we woke up to noises of clashes in the village which were taking place between IS and the FSA, which led to IS gaining control of the village completely. The next morning Coalition planes launched a raid on the village which led to the death of more than 50 martyrs, all of them civilians and most of them women and children and men.”

At 1’14” he continues: After IS withdrew from the village, Russian planes also launched a raid which killed one child and injured two others.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Title: Kaljabreen massacre (via Halab Today TV)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS809

Incident date

May 27, 2016

Location

حريتان, Hraytan, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.287032, 37.08332 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between nine and 13 civilians including four children were reported killed  – and 20-24 others were wounded – in an alleged Russian airstrike on the Al-Thar’ra bakery in Hraytan, according to local sources.

Among the victims were personnel and customers of the bakery, including four children. The strike also hit several cars that were parked nearby, said Al Araby news.

Shaam News Network initially said that “an aerial bombardment by Russian warplanes” struck the bakery at a time when families were there purchasing their bread. It described it as a “horrific massacre” leaving dozens dead and wounded. Activists told the network that “more than nine civilians were killed, including the furnace workers” as the bakery’s oven was directly targeted. However, there was some confusion in Shaam’s reporting as it later appeared to blame the regime. In a video the reporter says: “We are now in the bakery at Hraitan that was bombed by Assad’s forces. You can see the extent of the damage. Ten martyrs were killed as a result of the bombing. All of them were civilians who had come to get their bread”. The next man speaking says that “Russian planes targeted the city with several missiles, two of them hit the only bakery serving the town. Ten people were killed and more than twenty injured.”

Initial posts by the Syrian Network for Human Rights said this was a regime attack. But in a later report, it went on to allege that Russia was responsible and put the death toll at 11, including a child. Alamawi also reported the death of a young girl (see photo) and a man. Hraitan City also attributed the incident to Russia, publishing footage of the aftermath of the strikes, which included images of remnants of cluster bombs.

According to the White Helmets, 10 people died and many more were wounded after a “warplane” launched a raid on the bakery – though they did not identify the plane. They also published a video of members of their team removing unexploded cluster bombs.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said: “Warplanes bombarded the al-Shahba oven area in Hretan, killing 7 civilians and wounded others in addition to damaging civilian property.”

LCCSY did not say who was responsible but named eight victims.

The Syrian Human Rights Committee put the death toll at 12 at least, listed the same victims, and added the name of Aboud Suleiman. Orient News said 13 were killed.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Muhammad Ahmad Ghazi
Age unknown male From Hraytan killed
Abdullah Alloush
Age unknown male From Hraytan killed
Walid Bash
Age unknown male From Hraytan killed
‪Tareq Haji
Age unknown male From Bianoun killed
Ahmad Haji
Age unknown male From Bianoun killed
Ramez Amay
Age unknown male From Bianoun killed
Firas Muhammad Ali
Age unknown male From Anadan killed
Ayman Muhammad Kayali
Age unknown male From Aleppo city killed
Aboud Suleiman
Age unknown male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 11
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (42) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (29) [ collapse]

  • The White Helmets attend the scene of a strike in Hraytan, May 27th (via White Helmets)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    GRAPHIC: Two victims of a deadly strike on a bakery in Hraytan (via the Syrian Human Rights Committee)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    video (via SNN) of the aftermath of the strike
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Video (via Al-Jazeera Arabic) of regime strikes in Hraytan.
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Photo of a victim in an airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-itihad news)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • photo of the bombs in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • photo of the aftermath of strike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of victims in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Itihad Press)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via SHRC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim in the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via SHRC)
  • photo of the aftermath of an alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via SN4HR)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Shihab Agency)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Shihab Agency)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Shihab Agency)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a vcictim of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Amawi )
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    photo of a victim of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al-Amawi)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Al- Jazeera news)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Syrian News Desk)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via orient news)
  • photo of the aftermath of the alleged airstrike in Hraytan (via Nabd news)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Image of a child wounded in government warplanes missiles fired on Hraitan city in Aleppo governorate, May 27. (via SN4HR)
  • Ten people killed and many wounded after warplane launched an air raid targeting the bakery of the town of Hraitan a short while ago. (via Aleppo Civil Defence)

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the town of Hraytan (حريتان), for which the generic coordinates are: 36.287032, 37.08332. Due to limited satellite imagery and information available to Airwars, we were unable to verify the location further.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9 – 11
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    20
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (42) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS808

Incident date

May 27, 2016

Location

كفر حمرة, Kafr Hamra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.255362, 37.087714 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Seven civilians including three children died in airstrikes on Kafr Hamra according to local sources –  though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the regime.

According to Syrian Newsdesk more than fifteen Russian and regime warplane raids in the Kafr Hamra area resulted in the death of a family of four (the Al Ash family), including a pregnant woman and her foetus and a 7-year-old child. According to the newsdesk, the raids wounded five others, and “some of them are in a critical condition.” The Syrian Network for Human Rights, also blaming Russia, equally put the death toll at four.

The White Helmets didn’t identify the warplanes responsible but said that one woman died and seven other people were wounded, included children, after five strikes in the morning.

Tweets and other social media posts suggested the death toll was even higher.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (4)

Mohammed Al Ash
male killed
Wife of Khadija Al Hussein
Adult female killed
unborn child, Khadija Al Hussein, of 9 months
killed
Son of Hamza Mohammed Al Ash
4 years years old killed

The victims were named as:

Ali Mohammed Harfoush
16 years old killed
Tasnim Shar’rak Al Zeit
Child

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (2) [ collapse]

  • One of the victims of alleged Russian / regime shelling: 7-year-old child Tasnim Shar’rak Al Zeit (via SN4HR)
  • Footage showing the aftermath of an airstrike on on Kafr Hamra, May 27th.

Unknown Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Unknown
  • Unknown position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Unknown

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    7
  • (3 children1 woman)
  • Civilians reported injured
    7–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Unknown, Syrian Regime

Sources (26) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS807

Incident date

May 27, 2016

Location

أورم الكبرى, Orm al Kubra, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.1475457, 36.9448239 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and six civilians, including an elderly man, two children and three women, died in an alleged Russian strike on the town on Orm al Kubra, according to multiple local sources.

The White Helmets reported five raids in which “warplanes” (they didn’t identify them) threw “parachutes carrying cluster bombs”, which killed “an old man” and three women, as well as injuring two children, “who were transported to Bab al Hawa hospital for treatment.”

However, there were five separate raids in the Aleppo region as part of this offensive according to multiple sources, which has led to some confusion.  For instance, Alaraby News cited an activist, Muhannad-old, who said that an airstrike was conducted by the Syrian regime on a residential building that resulted in the deaths of two children and three more wounded from one family. The majority of other sources however, including Syria News and Nabd Syria News have cited Russian warplanes as the perpetrators.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights also blamed Russia and put the death toll at three civilians including two girls.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (2 children3 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Destruction caused by alleged Russian airstrikes and/or regime shelling in Urma Al Kubra May 27th 2016 (via Nabd Syria News)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Children are treated by members of the White Helmets following raids on Orm al Kubra, May 27th (via White Helmets)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Warplanes throw parachutes carrying cluster bomb on the town of Orm al Kubra - the first seen of this kind - leading to the deaths of 3 women and the injury of a man. The bomb has been removed and the area secured. 27/5/2016
  • aftermath of the strike

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 6
  • (2 children3 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (14) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS806

Incident date

May 24, 2016

Location

Afrin-Darat Azza road, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.3402953, 36.8411064 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

According to reports by the Shaam News Network and multiple other sources, Russian airstrikes targeted the road between Afrin and Darat Azza destroying fuel transport trucks, and killing two drivers and injuring several other civilians in the vicinity. The reports noted that this road was considered to be a “humanitarian corridor” and “one of the most important lifelines in northern Syria“.

Most sources blamed Russia for the raids, or did not identify the warplanes. Syria Mirror said it was the work of the regime.

At present no names of victims have been confirmed. However photographs of a civilian that was killed were made available by @mazenaloush on Twitter and the Syria Mirror. Syria-news has also reported that ten civilians were wounded in the raids.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The truck driver was killed in the air strike
  • The road between Afreen and Darat Ezza, photo courtesy of Zaman Masdar news.
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    The truck driver who was killed in the air strike
  • An oil truck on fire

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (16) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS805

Incident date

May 22, 2016

Location

كفر حلب, Kafr Halab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.062057, 36.871512 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

It was reported that nine female farmers died when remains of cluster bombs allegedly fired by Russia exploded.

Al Jisr TV also reported this information, but said this occurred in Kafr Hamra – which is possibly a mistake.

Because of near-identical copy by all media, this is presently classed as a weakly reported incident.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • (9 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    9
  • (9 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (13) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS804

Incident date

May 21, 2016

Location

صلاح القرية‬, Salah al Qariya, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.243096, 40.260944 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Five to six civilians including two children and two to three women died in airstrikes on Salah al Qariya area, in Albu Umar according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

LCCSY reported the death of four civilians in what they said were Russian strikes. Qasioun put the death toll higher, reporting six civilians killed. It later named the child Salah Kharaba as having died from injuries sustained in a strike by “warplanes” on Deir ez-Zor.

Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently and Syrian PC news also said four individuals died and a number more were wounded after Russian planes targeted Salah al Qariya.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights said the regime was responsible, also putting the death toll at four non-combatants including a child and two women.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Child male killed
Mariam al Falah
Age unknown female killed
Hanan Awwad al Khalifa
Age unknown female killed
Subha al Ahmad
Age unknown female killed
Ayham Mahmoud al Awwad al Khalifa
3 months years old female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Ayham Mahmoud Awad Al Khalifa, three-months-old, killed in an alleged Russian strike on Salah al Qariya, May 21st (via SN4HR)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not publicly reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    5 – 6
  • (1 child2 women)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS803

Incident date

May 20, 2016

Location

حريتان, Hraytan, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.287032, 37.08332 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian died and between five and ten were injured in strikes on Hraytan, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime.

The Shaam News Network said that one civilian was killed and five were wounded in Russian strikes, “noting that one of the raids targeted the al Bara’ bin Malik mosque”. Many other sources also blamed Russia.

Several raids – including one on the mosque – were equally reported by the White Helmets, but they did not identify the warplanes responsible. They published footage which included the extinguishing of a fire and said that ten civilians were wounded in additional to the one who died.

However, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and multiple other sources blamed the regime. The Syrian Network for Human Rights also attributed the attacks to “government warplanes” which it said had “partially destroyed” the mosque.

Mamoun-sy said on Twitter that the person killed was a child. The Violations Documentation Center named one victim of “warplane shelling” as 17-year-old Mohammad Mahmoud Hijazi.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

17 years old male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (27) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • One of the victims of the shelling in Hraytan is pulled from the rubble (via White Helmets)
  • Aftermath of the air strikes
  • SN4HR: government warplanes fired missiles on the vicinity of Al Baraa Bin Malek Mosque in Hraitan city in Aleppo governorate, partially destroying the mosque, May 20.
  • Syrian civil defence battling fire after the air strikes.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

Russia has not reported any strikes between May 1st – 31st

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    5–10
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (27) [ collapse]