Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident Code

RS446

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

الجنينة, Al Jneina, Deir ez-Zor, Syria

Geolocation

35.3680555, 40.1196671 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Village level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Two women were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on the village of Al Jneina, according a a single source, Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently.

No further details are currently available.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2
  • (2 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (2) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS443

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

سرمدا, Sarmada, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.18553, 36.72231 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Up to eight civilians including one child were killed and 12 others injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on Sarmada, according to local sources.

The Syrian Observatory for Human rights said that eight people (including a child and three people from the Palmyra area, a commander of a checkpoint belonging to a rebel faction and other fighters) were killed in raids by “warplanes believed to be Russian” on areas in the outskirts of the town of Sarmada near the Syrian-Turkish border and “the area of a checkpoint for the Islamic factions near Bab al-Hawa border crossing.

Reporting on the aerial bombardment on both Bab al Hawa and Sarmada, the Observatory added that the number killed had risen to 28, including four children and a woman, in addition  to “an Uzbek family and 22 rebels“.

The Shaam News Network published a graphic video showing the aftermath of strikes. The voice over in the footage says they were carried out by the regime, though the title of the video says they were Russian raids.

Another graphic video, by the White Helmets, showed members of their team being targeted by strikes by “warplanes” – though they did not identify them.

At 1:06 in footage published by Orient News, a civil defence volunteer says: “only two minutes after the raids hit the civilian areas of Sarmada, our vehicles were hit when we arrived at the scene. We now have around 10 dead.”

Arabi21 said that four Russian strikes killed a family of seven and injured 12 others.

 

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed
Adult male killed
Adult male listed under Maddiq Castle where he comes from but it says he was killed in Sarmada. killed
Haj Mahmoud Mohammed Sheik
Adult male named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed
Unidentified
Age unknown named by Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 8
  • (1 child4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (3) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Extremely graphic footage of the immediate aftermath of the incident in Sarmada. An injured man can be seen with half his face missing. (via, Media Civil Defence)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Ali Khaled al-Sultan, killed in an alleged Russian raid on Sarmada. (via, VDC)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    White Helmets checking the rubble for injured or deceased civilians. (via, SNN)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    4 – 8
  • (1 child4 men)
  • Civilians reported injured
    12
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (12) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS442

Incident date

January 22, 2016

Location

الباب, Bab al Hawa, Idlib, Syria

Geolocation

36.228656, 36.697878 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Nearby landmark level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between six and 35 civilians were killed and up to 65 injured in an airstrike on Bab al Hawa, according to local sources – though reports are conflicted as to whether the raid was the work of Russian forces or the Assad regime.

The White Helmets reported that 30 non-combatants were killed and 65 injured when warplanes carried out consecutive strikes on Bab al Hawa, but they did not say who the planes belonged to. They added that un-exploded ballistic missiles were found in the areas and that members of their team were targeted by further planes while carrying out the rescue mission.

However, in a later video showing children being rescued from the rubble, they said that Russia carried out the strikes.

The Shaam News Network also blamed Russia, reporting that warplanes bombed old garages in the countryside of Idlib and the edges of camps for displaced people in Bab al Hawa. They added that six raids targeted civilian homes and public facilities in the area.

Activists told SNN that the shelling resulted in “a terrible massacre against civilians and children killing more than ten people and wounding more than 20.”

Graphic images were published by Ma’ara Now News showing the aftermath of an alleged Russian strike in “the square of Bab al Hawa“, which they said killed 10 civilians.

Smart also blamed Russia and published a video showing destruction caused by rais which they said killed 17 and injured 50 more. A witness told the agency: “The aircraft carried out two raids on the area, and then followed by two missiles, one ballistic and the other cluster.”

According to Orient News, 17 civilians died in eight Russian strikes – though at the time of filming the video they said they didn’t have a final count for the dead and injured.

Videos by Citizen Journalist also attributed the incident to Russia and depicted what they said were damaged civilian homes as the civil defence searched for survivors. They reported up to six Russian strikes.

Halab News put the death toll at 35, with 65 wounded in alleged Russian strikes.

Syrian News Desk reported: “The media opposition activist Alaa al-Din Muhammad told to ‘the Office of the Syria News’ that Russian warplanes carried out five raids on the old crossing point and yard at Bab Al-Hawa  the outskirts of Sarmada city, killing 13 civilians and four members of the opposition factions, and injuring at least 30 others wounded, including women and children“.

The source added that the raids had also targeted two warehouses used to store materials, resulting in fires.

However, the Syrian Network for Human Rights said that aircraft of the Assad regime were responsible. They put the death toll at six.

Reporting on the aerial bombardment of Idlib, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that the number of people killed in Bab al Hawa and Sarmada had risen to 28, including four children and a woman, in addition to an “Uzbek family and 22 rebels.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Mahmoud Haj Mohammed.
Age unknown male named by Halab News killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 35
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    65
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (12) [ collapse]

  • Members of the White Helmets search for survivors following a strike on Bab al Hawa, January 22nd 2016. (via White Helmets)
  • Footage showing the aftermath of the incident. (via, SNN)
  • Members of the White Helmets search for survivors following a strike on Bab al Hawa, January 22nd 2016. (via White Helmets)
  • The aftermath of the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, SNN)
  • The White Helmets rescuing people from the rubble. (via SNN)
  • Minor damage to the outside of a shop. (via, SNN)
  • Civilian housing damaged in the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid. (via, SNN)
  • Chaos in the mediate aftermath of the incident as White Helmets try to dig civilians out of the rubble. (via, SNN)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    A civilian dragged from his car after he was caught in the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid on Bab al Hawa. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • White Helmets continue to move rubble following the incident on 22nd January 2016. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • The exact moment the alleged Russian and Syrian Regime raid hit. (via, Citizen Journalist)
  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Extremely graphic video of a deceased child with a concaved skull and loss of limbs following an alleged Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on Bab Al-Hawa. (via, Citizen Journalist)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6 – 35
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    65
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS440

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

مشفى السلام, Al Salam hospital, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.950561, 39.017649 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (via Airwars) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One civilian died following an alleged airstrike on Al Salam hospital in Raqqa, according to two local sources.

Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently reported the death of Izzo Hamid Al Hammash.

The victims was also named as killed in a Russian strike by Raqqa Post.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Izzo Hamid Al Hammash
16 years old male due to shrapnel wounds in the head sustained in the Russian strike on al Salam hospital a few days ago killed

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

No Russian reports were published for January 21st 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian infrastructure
    Healthcare facility
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (3) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS441

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

الباب, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria

Geolocation

36.371972, 37.51631 Note: The accuracy of this location is to City level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Between three and five civilians died and dozens more were injured in alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Bab, according to local sources.

The Syrian Press Centre reported that three civilians died in four Russian raids on residential neighbourhoods, leaving dozens more wounded, including women and children. A later report put the death toll at five, with more than 20 injured.

According to Shahba Press Agency, “Three people were killed and dozens were wounded when Russian aircraft targeted four neighbourhoods in the city of Al Bab in Aleppo’s  eastern countryside. The bombardment also destroyed many houses and public facilities in the city controlled by the organisation Daesh.”

Smart put the death toll at three with 19 injured and also said Russia was responsible.

All4Syria said “warplanes” (they did not identify them) launched several raids, killing five civilians and injuring others.

Halab News also mentioned raids by warplanes, but did not say who they belonged to. Neither did they give information on casualties.

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Adult male killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 5
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    19–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

In its military report published on 25th January, the Kremlin said: “In the course of the last three days, January 22-24, aircraft of the Russian aviation group in the Syrian Arab Republic performed 169 combat sorties engaging 484 objects of terrorists’ infrastructure…crews of Tu-22M3 long-range bombers performed 18 combat sorties from the territory of the Russian Federation in order to engage manpower and hardware of the ISIS near Deir ez-Zor on January 22-24. Flight range reached more than 2,000 kilometers.“

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3 – 5
  • (1 man)
  • Civilians reported injured
    19–24
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (8) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS438

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

المشلب, Al Mashlad (Ar Raqqah), Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.9449373, 39.0474701 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Six civilians including four children died in strikes on the Al Mashlab neighbourhood of Raqqa, according to local sources – though reports are conflicted as to whether Russia or the regime carried out the attacks, while some sources do not identify those responsible.

Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently named civilians as having been killed by warplanes (also named in the VDC list below), but did not identify the planes.

But in a later report, they attributed strikes to Russia.

The Syrian Observatory also published reports of the raids in Raqqa on this day, but did not say who was to blame.

According to the Syrian Human Rights Committee, six civilians – including a pregnant woman – died in Russian strikes.

Members of the Hindwani family were named as victims of Russian aircraft by Raqqa Post.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that “alleged Russian warplanes launched several rockets on Al Mashlab town in Raqqa city which killed 5 individuals from one family including 3 children and a woman.”

 

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (5)

Adult male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child female killed
Adult female killed

The victims were named as:

Izzo Hakima
Age unknown named by SHRC killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (4 children1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (4) [ collapse]

  • Hindawi al-Jumaah, killed in a contested Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on 21st January 2016. (via, VDC)
  • Musaab Hindawi al-Jumaah, killed in a contested Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on 21st January 2016. (via, VDC)
  • Ahmad Hindawi al-Jumaah, killed in a contested Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on 21st January 2016. (via, VDC)
  • Maya Hindawi al-Jumaah, killed in a contested Russian and Syrian Regime airstrike on 21st January 2016. (via, VDC)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

No Russian reports were published for January 21st 2016.

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    6
  • (4 children1 woman1 man)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (18) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS439

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

مديرية الكهرباء, Vicinity of power directorate in Ar Raqqah, Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.961873, 39.014575 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Ten civilians including four children and three women died in alleged Russian airstrikes on the power directorate in Raqqa city, according to local sources.

Syrian News Desk also blamed Russia, but did not say how many died.

The Syrian Network for Human Rights reported that “alleged Russian warplanes shelled the vicinity of the Power Directorate in Al Raqqa city which killed 7 individuals including 3 women.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights published general reports on the bombing of Raqqa on this day, but did not say who the warplanes responsible belonged to.
Likewise, Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently, published images of the raids, but did not identify the planes responsible.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Khaled Al rakan
Age unknown Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Nawar al Rakan
Age unknown Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Qutna al Rakan
Age unknown Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed

Family members (7)

Maha al Haj Saleh
Age unknown male brothers, Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Ismail al Dakheel
Age unknown male brothers, Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
"his wife"
Age unknown female Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Son Mohammad
Child male Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Son Mahmoud
Child male Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
Ahmad
Child male Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed
"and his daughter"
Child female Raqqa Post named these victims has having died in a Russian strike on the electricity company in Raqqa killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    10
  • (4 children3 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • The house of a family of deceased civilians according to the source. (via, Raqqa is being Slaughtered Silently

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    10
  • (4 children3 women)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.

Incident Code

RS437

Incident date

January 21, 2016

Location

منطقة الأماسي, Al Amassi (Ar Raqqah), Ar Raqqah, Syria

Geolocation

35.9527716, 39.0094042 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Neighbourhood/area level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

Sixteen civilians including six to nine children and four women died in airstrikes on Al Amassi in Raqqa, according to local sources – though most reports blamed Russia, others did not identify who was responsible.

RBSS initially referred only to “warplanes“, but in a later post alleged that Russia was responsible.

According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Russian shelling of Al Amassi street killed 16 civilians, including six children and four women.

Other sources, including Syrian News Desk and Deir Alzro Free radio also attributed the attack to Russia.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

The victims were named as:

Family members (3)

Adult male killed

Family members (6)

Adult female killed
Adult female killed
Adult female killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

Family members (4)

Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed
Child male killed

The victims were named as:

Adult female killed

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    16
  • (6–9 children5 women2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (37) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • Ahmad, Mahmoud and Mohammad Al Dakhil, killed in an alleged Russian raid on Al Ammassi. (via, Raqqa is being Slaughtered Silently

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Original strike reports

Russian Military

No Russian reports were published for January 21st 2016.

Summary

  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    16
  • (6–9 children5 women2 men)
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (37) [ collapse]