Russian Military in Syria

Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

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Incident Code

RS4411

Incident date

February 5, 2020

Location

أطراف مدينة إدلب قرب قرية قميناس, outskirts of Idlib near Qminas village, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Three civilians were reported to be killed by an air raid upon the village of Quminas on the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th.

Ahmed Sheikho, media director for the Syrian Civil Defense, told Smart News that “a Russian plane targeted two cow farms near the village of Quminas, killing three people”. A tweet from Syrian Civil Defense noted that three medical facilities were targeted in the Idlib countryside. Jisr News, in conjunction with Syrian Civil Defense, later clarified that the farms were poultry farms that were hit by alleged Russian air strikes, and two men and a child were killed. @MoamenRawy tweeted that Syrian Civil Defense volunteers were unable to remove the bodies from the rubble of the bombing. The Syrian Network for Human Rights tweeted hours later that the bodies were successfully excavated from the areas struck by alleged Russian warplanes.

The air strike specifically strucktargeted poultry farms without military importance and killed three civilians.

Tweets and reports from various news agencies in the area attributed the air strike to Russian warplanes.

The incident occured during the night.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Men sitting next to the body of one of the victims who were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib near Qminas village on February 5th, 2020 (via SN4HR).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers and civilians carrying away a body from the site after alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers and civilians carrying a body away from the site after alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th, 2020 (via SCD).

  • This media contains graphic content. Click to unblur.

    Syrian Civil Defence volunteers and civilians recovering a body after alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Damage after alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th, 2020 (via SCD).
  • Syrian Civil Defence volunteers and civilians rescuing an injured cow from the site after alleged Russian airstrikes in the outskirts of Idlib on February 5th, 2020 (via SCD).

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    3
  • (1 child2 men)
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (9) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4442

Incident date

February 13, 2020

Location

مناطق متعددة, Several Towns, Aleppo, Syria

Airwars assessment

Shaam Network reported that on Russian and Syrian regime forces targeted with airstrikes multiple towns and villages in Aleppo, injuring a number of civilians, on February 13th 2020.

“Russian and Syrian regime air forces launched airstrikes amid artillery and missile shelling on the city of Atarib and the villages and towns of Kafrnaha, Kafaramah, Lirmoun, Qubtan al-Jabal, Yaqd al-Adas, urm Al-Sughra and al-Kubra, al-Rahal al-Farasan and al-Farasan villages, the second Muhandis countryside, and the vicinity of the 46th Al Fouj, which resulted in the injury of civilians, while artillery shelled the city of Huritan.”

No other information was available about how many civilians were injured in these various towns and villages. Due to limitations in sources, it is possible that the casualties have been reflected in other assessments.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Single source claim
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–3
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (1) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4476

Incident date

February 24, 2020

Location

كوكبة, Kawkabah, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Between two and three civilians were reported killed and an unknown number of civilians sustained injuries during alleged Russian airstrikes on the village of Kokbeh in the southern countryside of Idlib on February 24, 2020.

Regarding civilian harm, Baladi Network tweeted that civilians died and were wounded in Russian airstrikes on the village of Kawkabah, without giving exact numbers. @Rey7d stated that the attack resulted in the death of two civilians and a number of wounded. ShahbaPress reported that “Three civilians were killed and others wounded as a result of raids by Russian occupation planes on the town of Kawkaba in the southern Idlib countryside.”

All sources attributed the strike to the Russian Armed Forces. According to @oulaalassaad and @HadiAlabdallah, Russia targeted the village of Kawkabah with vacuum missiles.

The local time of the incident is unknown. However, urgent tweets about the attack were posted as early as 10:07 AM local time.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    2 – 3
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Fair
    Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military

Sources (21) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS3205

Incident date

March 8, 2018

Location

عربين, Arbeen, Damascus, Syria

Geolocation

33.538143, 36.364331 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Town level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

One child was killed and an unspecified number more civilians wounded in alleged Russian and regime air and artillery strikes on Arbeen, according to local media.

@eg_nawras tweeted an image of a dead child, though he was not identified, and the source did not say which belligerent was responsible for this death.

The Step News Agency reported: “Russian aircraft launched an air strike targeting the city of Arbeen in the eastern Ghouta in conjunction with heavy artillery shelling by the regime forces on the city, resulting in many civilian casualties.”

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (1) [ collapse]

  • A child killed in an alleged Russia or regime strike on Arbeen, March 8th 2018. The child has not been named.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • (1 child)
  • Civilians reported injured
    2–10
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (4) [ collapse]

Incident Code

RS4523

Incident date

September 20, 2020

Location

عرب سعيد, Arab Saeed, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

One civilian was reportedly injured as a result of alleged Russian airstrikes on the vicinity of Arab Sa’id village, west of Idlib on September 20th, 2020 at noon according to local sources and news agencies.

Edlib Media center said that according to the civil defense one civilian was injured after “eight Russian su34 and su35 aircrafts “ bombed the area of Arab Sa’id, west of Idlib city, with high-explosive missiles. The same source claimed that activists shared pictures on social media that showed a shrapnel penetrating one of the tents of the displaced near the location of the attack. All other sources that reported on the incident including Halab Today TV and Step News agency did not mention anything about claimed civilian harm (number of injured or killed).

According to Halab Today TV the attack on the vicinity of Arab Sa’id village was specifically on the area of Al-Ahrash. Other Local sources including the Syrian journalist Mohamad Rasheed (@mohmad_rasheed) said that more than 23 air raids were launched on both villages of Arab Sa’id and Batenta that noon . On the other hand, one source named  (@SyriawatanNews) claimed that the alleged Russian warplanes attacked, with missiles, takfiri groups in the area.

All of the sources that reported on the incident claimed that Russian forces were behind the attack.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (19) [ collapse]

  • "Intense Russian bombing targets the vicinity of the city of Idlib" (Image via Edilbemc / Facebook)
  • "Intense Russian bombing targets the vicinity of the city of Idlib" (Image via Edilbemc / Facebook)
  • "Intense Russian bombing targets the vicinity of the city of Idlib" (Image via Edilbemc / Facebook)
  • "Intense Russian bombing targets the vicinity of the city of Idlib" (Image via Edilbemc / Facebook)
  • "A squadron of warplanes belonging to the Russian occupation takes turns targeting the vicinity of Arab Saeed and the forest areas west of Maarrat Misrin and west of Idlib, with more than 18 raids so far" (Image via @Support_023 / Twitter)
  • "A squadron of warplanes belonging to the Russian occupation takes turns targeting the vicinity of Arab Saeed and the forest areas west of Maarrat Misrin and west of Idlib, with more than 18 raids so far" (Image via @Support_023 / Twitter)
  • "A squadron of warplanes belonging to the Russian occupation takes turns targeting the vicinity of Arab Saeed and the forest areas west of Maarrat Misrin and west of Idlib, with more than 18 raids so far" (Image via @Support_023 / Twitter)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • Russian warplanes target the western outskirts of Idlib, with more than 25 air strikes (Image by Muhammed Said / Mohamad.saeed.75098 / Facebook)
  • "Russian warplanes target takfiri groups with missiles in the Arab Saeed area, west of the city of Idlib" (SyrianwatanNews / Twitter)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Likely strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Weak
    Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
  • Suspected attacker
    Russian Military
  • Suspected target
    Unknown

Sources (11) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4302

Incident date

March 21, 2021

Location

قاح, Qah, Idlib , Syria

Geolocation

36.299148, 36.739667 Note: The accuracy of this location is to Exact location (other) level. Continue to map

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian was killed and between one and two civilians were injured in an alleged Russian missile strike in the vicinity of Qah and Salwa towns the afternoon of March 21, 2021.

Multiple sources, including Syrian Civil Defense and Reuters, reporting that the strike was ” a surface-to-surface missile.” Idlib EMC stated that “Russian battleships on the Syrian coast, with a ground-to-ground missile, targeted the town of Qah.” Other sources referred to the strike as a ballistic missile or a long-range missile. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that at the time, “it is not known yet if the missile was fired by a warship near the Syrian coastline or from the Russian base in Hmeimim.”

The location struck was identified as being near internally displaced persons camps and Jisr Press specifically reported that the missile landed near Atmeh Camp. Step News reported that ” a long-range ballistic missile fell on the headquarters of the 23rd of the Sham Legion,” a Syrian opposition faction, and the civilian and animals injured and killed were close to the vicinity. The area struck was also identified by Syrian Observatory for Human Rights as being “a military headquarters of opposition faction”  but that the area contains “a large number of refugee camps which host displaced people” and is near the “Syria border with Iskenderun region.”

According to Syrian Civil Defense, the strikes resulted in ” the serious injury of a civilian and the death of a number of livestock.” Jisr Press reported “the death of a large number of livestock and the injury of a shepherd in the aforementioned area. It is reported that he later died of his injury.” A tweet from @dr_aalassad identified two civilians as being injured and Al Modon news reported that the strike “resulted in the injury of a child who was grazing sheep in the area.”

Images posted by SCD Idlib show animals that were killed in the airstrike and White Helmets inspecting the area. A video posted by @Step_Agency and images posted by other sources show the smoke cloud in the sky following the strike.

Syrian Civil Defense attributed the strike to regime and Russian forces, while all other sources identified the strikes as being Russian, from the Russian base in Hmeimim, or from Russian battleships.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery, Naval bombardment
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (7) [ collapse]

Geolocation notes

Reports of the incident mention the vicinity of Qah (قاح). According to research conducted by @obretix, the exact location of this strike is: 36.299148, 36.739667. Cross referencing evidence from audio-visual material from sources, we can confirm this location.

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Artillery, Naval bombardment
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    1
  • Civilians reported injured
    2
  • Cause of injury / death
    Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4329

Incident date

June 24, 2021

Location

أريحا, Arihah, Idlib, Syria

Airwars assessment

Between one and two civilians, including an elderly man, were injured in alleged Russian or regime airstrikes and/or artillery on the city of Arihah on June 24, 2021.

Baladi News reported that “the regime forces bombed with heavy artillery the city of Ariha, which led to the injury of an elderly man who was treated by civil defense teams”. @fawaz_jwaid posted an image of an older man receiving medical treatment at a facility.

Syria TV also provided information on the incident, that “two civilians were injured” from the “regime forces targeting residential places”.

Sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the airstrikes. Multiple sources attributed the airstrikes and artillery shelling to the regime and @Step_Agency identified  Russian reconnaissance planes as flying in conjunction. However, @mzmgr941 blamed  Russia for the missile bombing and the civilian casualties that resulted and @OGNreports reported that “Syrian regime and Russian occupation forces targeted the densely populated city of #Ariha”.

The incident occured in the afternoon.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (13) [ collapse]

  • According to @jisrtv, "Russian or Regime forces bombard with heavy artillery the northern outskirts of the city of Ariha."
  • Russian or Regime forces bombard with heavy artillery the northern outskirts of the city of Ariha. (Image posted by @abo_aljod84)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah on June 24th, 2021. (Image posted by @mzmgr941)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah on June 24th, 2021. Photography: Ahmed Abu Adnan (Image posted by @ZaitunAgency)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah and the surrounding area on June 24th, 2021. Photography: Ahmed Abu Adnan (Image posted by @ZaitunAgency)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah and the surrounding area on June 24th, 2021. Photography: Ahmed Abu Adnan (Image posted by @ZaitunAgency)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah on June 24th, 2021. Photography: Ahmed Abu Adnan (Image posted by @ZaitunAgency)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah on June 24th, 2021. Photography: Ahmed Abu Adnan (Image posted by @ZaitunAgency)
  • Image of an older man receiving medical treatment for injuries sustained in strikes on Arihah on June 24, 2021. (Image posted by @fawaz_jwaid)
  • Damage caused by the strikes on Arihah and White Helmets approaching the buildings to help those injured on June 24th, 2021. (Image posted by Syrian Civil Defense)
  • Russian or Regime forces bombard with heavy artillery the northern outskirts of the city of Ariha. (Image posted by @IdlibPlus)
  • Russian or Regime forces bombard with heavy artillery the northern outskirts of the city of Ariha. (Image posted by Macro Media Center)

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Russian Military, Syrian Regime

Sources (20) [ collapse]

Incident Code

R4361

Incident date

July 31, 2021

Location

درعا البلد, Daraa Al Balad, Dara'a, Syria

Airwars assessment

At least one civilian was injured in alleged Russian/regime/Iranian strikes on Daraa Al Balad on July 31, 2021.

@mohammed_asakra and Horan Free Media reported that civilians were injured but did not specify how many civilians.

Images posted by Horan Free Media show extensive damage to civilian homes caused by the shelling.

The majority of sources blamed the regime for the strikes on Daraa Al Balad. However, Syrian Civil Defense pointed out that both Russia and the regime have been carrying out strikes and have been involved with the conflict in Dara’a and Horan Free Media blamed ” regime forces and Iranian militias” for bombing civilian homes with “mortars and tanks”.

The local time of the incident is unknown.

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military, Iranian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]

Media
from sources (6) [ collapse]

  • "destruction of civilian homes as a result of the bombing of the besieged neighborhoods of Daraa al-Balad by the regime forces and Iranian militias with mortars and tanks" (Images posted by Horan Free Media)
  • "destruction of civilian homes as a result of the bombing of the besieged neighborhoods of Daraa al-Balad by the regime forces and Iranian militias with mortars and tanks" (Images posted by Horan Free Media)
  • "destruction of civilian homes as a result of the bombing of the besieged neighborhoods of Daraa al-Balad by the regime forces and Iranian militias with mortars and tanks" (Images posted by Horan Free Media)
  • "destruction of civilian homes as a result of the bombing of the besieged neighborhoods of Daraa al-Balad by the regime forces and Iranian militias with mortars and tanks" (Images posted by Horan Free Media)
  • "destruction of civilian homes as a result of the bombing of the besieged neighborhoods of Daraa al-Balad by the regime forces and Iranian militias with mortars and tanks" (Images posted by Horan Free Media)

Syrian Regime Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Syrian Regime
  • Syrian Regime position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Russian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Russian Military
  • Russian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Iranian Military Assessment:

  • Suspected belligerent
    Iranian Military
  • Iranian Military position on incident
    Not yet assessed

Summary

  • Strike status
    Contested strike
  • Strike type
    Airstrike and/or Artillery
  • Civilian harm reported
    Yes
  • Civilians reported killed
    Unknown
  • Civilians reported injured
    1–2
  • Airwars civilian harm grading
    Contested
    Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
  • Suspected attackers
    Syrian Regime, Russian Military, Iranian Military

Sources (7) [ collapse]